Karl Liebknecht: engobomi, ibali lobomi, impumelelo kunye feat

Waye kwiminyaka embalwa ngaphambi kokuqhambuka kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II wazama yokuhlanganisa sabasebenzi kumzabalazo wokulwa isisongelo asondelayo ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini. Wayeneminyaka kuphela namasekela abo kwintlanganiso ye-Reichstag evotelweyo nxamnye kusabiwa imali kurhulumente German zokuqhubekeka imisebenzi wamajoni nxamnye eFransi, eRashiya ne England. Nguye owasungula le waseJamani Communist Party. Ngokuba imiboniso akhe okulwa-kurhulumente kunye nezibheno impi ukuba wabulawa ngamalungu akhe iqela lakhe. Owaguqula ngesibindi yaye unyanisekile, owalwa uxolo nobulungisa, ekuthiwa uKarl Liebknecht.

Biography: Ngubani na Karl Liebknecht

Wazalwa Agasti 13, 1871 e Leipzig (Germany). Uyise wakhe odumileyo revolution UWilhelm Liebknecht, owadala German Social-Democratic Party, kunye edume ngokulinganayo Agasti Bebel. uyise uKarl yaba umhlobo ka Marx kunye Engels. unyana wakhe igama emva yokuqala Comrades ngasentla.

Ndimele ndithi Karl Liebknecht ukususela ebuntwaneni phezu iintlanganiso zabasebenzi. Wakhula waqiniseka Marxist. UKarl wafunda neeyunivesithi eBerlin kunye Leipzig, ngenxa apho waba ligqwetha obalaseleyo. iphupha lakhe laphumelela - waqalisa bakhusele imfuno namalungelo kweenkundla abasebenzi.

Ukuqala kwemisebenzi kwesayensi

Ngowe-1900, Karla Libknehta yaba lilungu le-Social Democratic Party. Emva kweminyaka 4 kwinkundla isiJamani ke wenza njengoko igqwetha elikhuselayo amalungu iqela isiJamani kunye Russian, abo batyholwa of delivery ngokungekho cross-umda uncwadi kwapheliswa. Emva koko, kwintetho yakhe, wagxeka nkqubo yentshutshiso ezingamkelekanga ukuba undisukele ngenzondelelo urhulumente Prussia-German, kwaye urhulumente tsarist Russian.

Karl Liebknecht kunokuba kabukhali wamelana amacebo loHlaziyo wamsukela kwizangqa lasekunene-iphiko iinkokeli Social Democratic. Kwangaxeshanye, wabhokoxa onke amandla akhe phezu buvuvu antimilitarist nokuqhuba umsebenzi ezopolitiko phakathi kolutsha.

Ngowe-1904, i-German Bremen, kukho nkongolo ye-Social Democratic Party. Ngelo xesha, wonke umntu wayesazi ukuba ngubani uKarl Liebknecht. Wanikela intetho lomlilo apho kuchazwe ngokucacileyo ubumfazwe njengenye iinqaba eziphambili capitalism yehlabathi. Wacela inkqubo ekhethekileyo ze anti-imfazwe. Ukongeza, yayinguye umqalisi kwendalo lolutsha imibutho yezentlalo-lwentando yesininzi ukubandakanya bevidiyo entsha nendlela elisebenza ngayo yonke ubumfazwe ekhulayo.

Isimo kwiziganeko eRashiya

Revolution ka 1905-1907, olwenziwe kummandla yoBukhosi baseRashiya, wawuxhokonxa lonke Europe. Nangona isibakala sokuba Karl Liebknecht - a German ngokuzalwa, yena ngehlombe wathabatha esi siganeko elide ilindelwe kwaye obala imvume yabo kulo msitho. Ngowe-1905, phezu Democrats Social Jena Congress, waba edabini kwezopolitiko abahlaziyi, ngokusemthethweni wavakalisa loqhankqalazo kwezopolitiko jikelele enye ndlela zisebenzayo yomzabalazo yesigaba amalungelo abo.

Umdlalo olandelayo ivuso Liebknecht waqalisa diatribe sakhe Mannheim Party Congress. Apha ephinde wagxeka umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente German kuncedo kurhulumente Russian tsarist xa kudalwa kulo mbuso. Ekugqibeleni, wabongoza bakhaya bakhe ukuba balandele umzekelo bazakhe Russian kwaye uqale umzabalazo efanayo, kodwa kowabo.

Formation uhuhamba lasekhohlo

Kwaba ngexesha revolution Russian kwi German Social Democracy laya yahlulwe ndimfuduka mbini. Itheko yaququzelelwa ukuba ekhohlo. Omnye wenkokheli yayo engundoqo, efana Roza Lyuksemburg nabanye, baba kunye uKarl Liebknecht. Ngowe-1907, waba phakathi kwabo inxaxheba ekudalweni Socialist International, ulutsha, kwaye kwiminyaka emi-3 ezayo wayekwangusihlalo mbutho.

Noxa kunjalo, ukuba revolution Libknehta Karla engobomi, imihla ebalulekileyo kunye nemisitho eyenza babetshintshana ngesantya esiphezulu, ayikwazanga ukwenza ngaphandle ukubanjwa episode? Ngowe-1907, waza wagwetywa ukuvalelwa entolongweni kwi inqaba emva kokuba kunikelwa intetho yakhe kule nkomfa yokuqala, onikhuphileyo kunye abameli bemibutho yobusoshiyali ulutsha olusuka kumazwe aliqela.

indlela up

Le ngobomi yezopolitiko Libknehta Karla yaqhubeka ngowe-1908, xa yena wanyulelwa Prussia Chamber of yamaSekela. Kwadlula iminyaka emine. Ngeli xesha, igama lakhe liye lakhula kakhulu kangangokuba sele eyayiyinxalenye zamasekela ye-German Reichstag. Ngowe-1912, kuloo nkongolo iqela elilandelayo kwisixeko aseChemnitz, yena ekuhleni ngokuba sabasebenzi kuqiniswe umfelandawonye ngamazwe, kuba kokukuqwalasela oku isixhobo kakhulu kumlo ubumfazwe ekhulayo. Kunyaka olandelayo, ukusuka rostrum yasepalamente Karl Liebknecht icala Krupp kunye nezinye iinkokheli kwi intloko lodwa umkhosi bawaphembelela imfazwe.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba nkqu nasemva kokuba yeHlabathi yokuQala (1914 - 1918), Liebknecht, nangona iinkolelo zabo nzulu, wonke umntu ndiliphulaphule isigqibo esithathwe sisininzi samalungu Social Democratic neyelenqe i Reichstag. Wada bavotela ukufaka iikhredithi imfazwe, kodwa kungekudala ndaqonda impazamo yakhe. Wayezimisele ukulungisa le mpazamo, kwaye emva kweenyanga 4 waba ithuba.

feat ekuguqukeni

Ekuqaleni NgoDisemba 1914, intlanganiso rhoqo German Reichstag. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngosuku le holo igcwele. Zonke izitulo urhulumente ngazo. Ke bakuhlala iinjengele, abalungiseleli, izikhakhamela. Usihlalo isaziso ekuqaleni ukuvotela credits imfazwe. Oku kufuneka kuthetha ukuba Reichstag emkholisayo urhulumente wabangela imfazwe nxamnye eFransi, eRashiya ne England.

Akukho namnye adibene yokuthandabuza ukuba amalungu epalamente ukuba onke amaqela vo le isigqibo ngamxhelo njengoko August 4, t. E., Ngaphandle namasekela kokukhetha, kubandakanywa Democrats zentlalo 110. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuba akukho mntu wayelindele. Onke amalungu e wema, ebonisa ukuba umanyano, yaye omnye kuphela ndihleli phantsi endaweni yakhe. Igama lakhe uKarl Liebknecht.

Nguye kuphela ke iikhredithi ngexesha ephikisana ukwenzela iinjongo zomkhosi. Kwingxelo ebhaliweyo, leyo yanikwa usihlalo Reichstag, wanikela inkcazelo yemfazwe wabangela leyo ngokucacileyo ngokuba ndlongondlongo. Kungekudala emva kolu xwebhu yasasazwa ngendlela ngokungekho mthethweni ngohlobo amaphetshana.

Kunzima ukucinga ukuba kwakunzima kangakanani ukuba ukuvota Liebknecht yedwa nxamnye onke amaqela yongxowankulu, kuquka lakhe, amalungu azihlubayo ndingcatshe sabasebenzi. Inyaniso, yaba feat wokwenene Karla Libknehta, ekubeni emva okuvota kwakhe kuye ngobudlongodlongo wahlasela iinkokheli German Social Democrats, bathi kwasekuqaleni imfazwe babehlangene ngurhulumente waseJamani. intetho yakhe epalamente wawuxhokonxa lonke Europe. Kwintetho yakhe kubakho inani elikhulu iileta bexolile kunye namazwi nenkxaso.

ukuphoxeka

Kwangoko phambi kokuba yokuQala yeHlabathi Liebknecht watyelela France. Apho wanikela intetho apho ke wabiza abasebenzi ukuba bamanyane baze benze konke okusemandleni ukuze ukuthintela imfazwe ezayo. Kodwa njengokuba usazi, ayizange isebenze ngaphandle. Kwathi kanti, phantse onke amaqela yali baba abangcatshi bubugwala, ngaphandle komnye - yamaBolshevik. Ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, kuphela indawo yayo kwimigaqo kuhlala ingatshintshanga kude kube sekupheleni.

Liebknecht akuzange thazekile, kuba iqela lakhe okuziintloni abathembekanga iingcinga socialism. Kodwa ke phezu kwalo, yena akazange amelane nabo epalamente ngomhla wesi-4 ku-Agasti, njengoko kokukuqwalasela oku umsebenzi wakhe ukubambelela epatini uqeqesho. Yaba impazamo esingaxolelekiyo, wakulungisa ivoti yakhe emva kweenyanga 4.

ubunzima ekuqiniseni

Hi ndlela leyi, urhulumente thiki ukuxolela Liebknecht lokuvota yakhe intlanganiso Reichstag. Atsho oyike, oqulunqwe ukungenela umkhosi, nangona ngelo xesha wayesele engama-44. Ukongezelela, hayi kuphela ubudala, kodwa imeko yakhe yempilo ezinjalo ukuba akayi phantsi vivo. Phela, nkqu isihloko isekela akwamnceda nto.

Xa phambi Liebknecht waba ijoni kwi ithathele yabasebenzi. Apha, wenza wonke umsebenzi emdaka nzima, kodwa, njengokuba waqononondisa ngamangqina, yena wayesoloko endixhasa kwaye ungaze utyhafe.

Ukufa umbutho wotshintsho

Emva kokubuyela ukusuka ngaphambili, Liebknecht, kunye yakhe, umphefumlo uvana nowam Rosa eLuxemburg ke bathatha inxaxheba kwintlangano i "uSpartacus", nto leyo lenzeka Januwari 1916. Yena kuthatha i imisebenzi anti-imfazwe esebenzayo. Kuba lo yena agxothwe kwindlu Social Democratic neyelenqe kwipalamente. Kulo nyaka, ukususela rostrum le Reichstag Liebknecht wanqula bazakhe German ukungena Meyi 1 umboniso phantsi kwesigwagwiso "Phantsi nge imfazwe!" Yaye "Abasebenzi onke amazwe, ukuhlanganisa!"

Ngeli umboniso Liebknecht wabiza kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba eziwisa urhulumente, leyo, ngokutsho kwakhe, impi bamagazi ngqiqweni impiriyali. Kuba iingxelo umbuso ezifana Liebknecht wabanjwa waza wagwetywa iminyaka emine entolongweni. Ngexesha ekuthinjweni, weva uloyiso-Oktobha Revolution eRashiya waza wathabatha iindaba ngehlombe, ngoko wabiza amajoni aseJamani akazange athathe inxaxheba ingcinezelo yayo.

Ngo-Oktobha 1918, Libnehta kukhululwa entolongweni, emva koko baqhubeka nemisebenzi yakhe yotshintsho olululo. Oziphethe lwaphembelela nxamnye nkqubo mkhohlisi neenkokeli Social Democratic Party. Yaba nguye lowo, ndawonye Rosa eLuxemburg kuloo nkongolo ongumsunguli Berlin, leyo kwenzeka ekupheleni kukaDisemba 1918, waseka Communist Party German.

NgoJanuwari 1919, kwakukho wombhodamo anti-urhulumente, nto leyo elikhokelwa Libkneht uKarl. imihla kunye neziganeko eziphambili ebomini bakhe, kwasebutsheni bakhe, zaye kuhlangene kwimisebenzi revolution, ngoko ke Democrats Social na ngaphandle kwesizathu, boyika ukuba izenzo ezinjalo neefowuni kungakhokelela ekuqaleni kwemfazwe yamakhaya eJamani. It waqalisa ukufuna iinkokeli zamaKomanisi. Kuba iintloko Liebknecht kunye eLuxemburg baba umvuzo 100 lamawaka. Stamps. Januwari 15 ngokomyalelo lilungu ANC, Social Democrat G. Noske, ukuba zafakwa baza babulawa.