"Strange War" - oku ... "ndini War" ka-1939-1940. phezu Front Western

I-Second World War wahlulwe ube nobuninzi lwamathuba. Kwasekuqaleni kwembambano, nangona Britain neFransi zihlasele iJamani, ezifakwe kwemfazwe ngokupheleleyo hayi. Okokuqala, entshona, uze ke episode kwi historiography yesizwe ngokuba "imfazwe wasemzini".

Ukuvela elithi

Igama elithi "imfazwe mbumbulu" - yinguqulelo simahla ayiyontetho yemihla ngemihla American journalistic War bathakathi. Ibinzana Wabonakala ucofe US ngemihla zokuqala zongquzulwano yaseYurophu. Inguqulelo yokoqobo ibinzana - imfazwe bobuxoki okanye olungelulo olokwenyani.

Kanye e Germany, wangumlawuli, Adolf Hitler, waqala umgaqo-nkqubo ubunye amazwe omiweyo yi sisininzi abathetha isiJamani. Ngowe-1938, Wesithathu nozimanya ngokupheleleyo kunye Austria. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva wathinjwa Sudetenland eCzechoslovakia.

Iintshukumo ngxwaba kaHitler bendikoyika abamelwane bakhe. EPoland elilandelayo phantsi ukuhlasela. Ngokutsho iziphumo leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi , lafumana owayesakuba amaphondo German, okwenza ukuba ilizwe ukufikelela kuLwandle lweBaltic. UMlawuli lufuna ukubuyiswa kula mazwe. Urhulumente Polish walile ukuya kwiminyinyiva ummelwane. Kuba ukhuseleko omkhulu abasemagunyeni Warsaw baye bangena umfela ndawonye eFransi England. Ngokutsho uxwebhu olutsha, la mazwe kwafuneka ukuza ukunceda Poland xa kuthe ndlongo German.

War kwafuneka alinde ixesha elide. Septemba 1939 1 , iJamani yahlasela iPoland. kweentsuku ezimbini kamva, France kunye eBritani wathi imfazwe Wesithathu ngokungqinelana neemvumelwano zabo Warsaw. E Poland thina besithembe ukuba ngoncedo namahlakani Western imphazamise amaqela amaninzi German. Enyanisweni, yonke into ajika kwagqama okwahlukileyo.

uSiegfried line

oonozakuzaku Polish eLondon kunye Paris wabongoza namahlakani ukuqala sheshisa zonke-okuhlaselayo ukuthintela amaJamani ukuba athathe inyathelo qhinga. Kungekudala kwacaca ukuba Britain neFransi nkqu walungisa isicwangciso samanyathelo xa ekuqaleni zongquzulwano ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. "War bathakathi" iboniswa ungumntu ombi.

iinjengele Amanyeneyo ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba baye bagqiba ukuba omnye iiveki ezimbini iza kuba ngokugaya, emva koko i-French wayeza kuhlasela kwi uSiegfried Line. Yaba igama inkqubo elikhulu-isikali iinqaba, elakhiwa kwinxalenye esentshona eJamani. 630 eekhilomitha umgca esemqoka ezaziyimfuneko ukuze kukhuselwe lizwe ukususela kwinqanaba lohlaselo French. Kwakukho kukomeleza eziphathekayo, kwakunye nezakhiwo eziyimfuneko ukuze ukhuselo matanki kunye nomkhosi.

line Maginot

Kwakhona France ineentambo yalo sokuzithethelela, wakha kwimeko imfazwe eJamani. It was ngokuba Maginot Line. Ngayo kwezi imida bema imikhosi kuqhutywa de "imfazwe mbumbulu." Oku ephikisana izithembiso izibonda uncedo olusebenzayo ekulweni yiJamani.

I Sukwenza umyalelo German kwenye indawo imida yayo wasentshona 43 hlula. Kwakufuneka ukuba azikhusele logama nje emuva Poland. E Germany kufanele isigqibo ukuba kukho imfazwe kwi miba mibini kwakuza kuba nzima kakhulu ukuba lizwe.

Ngoko ke, le ndlela kuphela France ukunceda Poland ukuba asungule ekhubekisayo kwi icandelo imxinwa komda kunye Wesithathu. E Paris, ayikwazanga ukunika umyalelo ukusa amajoni nge Belgium kunye eNetherlands, kuba kuloo meko kuphula cala zazo ebhengeziweyo. Ngoko ke, imikhosi yazo engundoqo isiJamani zabekwa a elula 144 sekhilomitha-komlambo Mosel ukuya iRhine. USiegfried line apha yayibiyelwe minefields. Yaba line phantse soyiswe.

Ukungenzi le namahlakani

De Septemba 17 "imfazwe mbumbulu" - a nokulwa zasekuhlaleni phakathi kwamazwe amabini kwiindawo ezithile. Besuka phantse ngokuqhutywa ngumdla kwaye alunasiphumo kwi imeko xa iyonke ngaphambili. vivo French kwalibaziseka ngenxa iphelelwe kwenkqubo emkhosini ngokubanzi. Abaqeqeshwayo abanalo ixesha kude kudlule ngoqeqesho olusisiseko olufunekayo ukuze basinde ngokulwa. Esinye isizathu sokuba zokulibaziseka ekuqaleni eParis ukungaphumeleli UK ngokukhawuleza idlulisele nomkhosi kwilizwekazi. "Bathakathi War" yathatha ePoland de ukuthatha emizini ngemizi. Septemba 17 kwaye ayehlasela waseUSSR, ngoko weRiphabliki ekugqibeleni yawohloka, engena phakathi bahlaseli ezimbini. Ngeli xesha i "imfazwe mbumbulu" kwi-Western Front andiyizisanga kuwe, Germany akukho ngxaki: I Wesithathu wayenza azimiseleyo esoyisa abamelwane ukuzikhusela. Emva kokuba umsebenzi wasePoland waqalisa ukusebenza nxamnye Denmark kunye eNorway.

Saar ekhubekisayo

Ngelo xesha, French ekugqibeleni lasungula uhlaselo, leyo waziwa kwi historiography ngokuba Saar. Yaba yinxalenye yeli phulo, nto ke leyo "imfazwe mbumbulu." Ukumiselwa kwesicwangciso operation wawa emagxeni nguGustave Gamelin. amabutho French phambili ukuba kwiveki yokuqala ngeekhilomitha 20-30 kuphela.

French ngokupheleleyo ekhubekisayo uqale nge-20 Septemba. Noko ke, ngomhla we-17, kwagqitywa wasishenxisa ngenxa imeko lithemba of Poland. Enyanisweni, Amanyeneyo Western wanikezela, kwaye kokususa impi enkulu nxamnye Reich, izandla likhululwe kaHitler, nto leyo ngokulula icala labo kwezinye imimandla lafikelela esiphelweni esisengqiqweni. Oku kwaba sisiphumo, nto leyo eyakhokelela i "imfazwe mbumbulu". Ukumiselwa kwe amaphulo namahlakani isiqingatha-abantliziyo kulo US, apho Umshini passivity umsindo of France kunye Great Britain.

Plan "Gelb"

Okokuqala amaJamani lasungula sokubala-ekhubekisayo ngomhla we-16 Oktobha. Ngexesha lo msebenzi, i-French zonke wahlala izikhundla ezimbalwa yaye kwakhona Ekuveleni Maginot Line. Lahamba ixesha, kodwa waqhubeka efanayo "imfazwe mbumbulu." Yintoni ke sizama ukuphendula mbali abaninzi sele loxolo. Bonke Baya bafika kwisigqibo sokuba imeko ngaphambili kwatshintsha xa Wehrmacht waqalisa ukuphumeza isicwangciso "Gelb". Yaba ekulahlekisweni omkhulu Ukuhlaselwa eBelgium, i yiNedalendi kunye neFransi. "Imfazwe mbumbulu" ophele ngomhla lohlaselo German (May 10, 1940). Le nkcazelo iye fixed zingaphelanga iinyanga ezimbalwa namahlakani yokungasebenzi. Ngeli xesha, iJamani wakwazi ukuba ingaxuthi emazweni ambalwa yaseYurophu kunye nokukhusela ngasemva kwakhe, ukuqalisa amanyathelo isigqibo emkhosini nxamnye eFransi, eyaphelela June 22, 1940 ukusayinwa kwi ukuxolelana Compiegne. Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu, France waxineka.