Kubaluleka categorical - udidi engundoqo yokuziphatha kant xa

Immanuel Kant - sobulumko German kwinkulungwane XVIII, umsebenzi wakhe uye yaguqula okhoyo ngoko theory kolwazi kunye nomthetho, imigaqo yokuziphatha kunye ubuhle, ngokunjalo kwi izimvo zabantu. Ingcamango ephambili imfundiso yakhe bulumko zokuziphatha - ngekhubalo categorical.

Oku kudizwe emsebenzini wakhe angundoqo bulumko 'amadlala Isizathu Practical ". Kant ugxeka yokuziphatha, olusekelwe phezu umdla ngevangeli, kunye nemithetho yendalo, ukusukela intlalo-ntle kunye ukuzonwabisa, nethuku kunye neemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo. Ezo yokuziphatha kokukuqwalasela ubuxoki, ngenxa yokuba indoda ngokupheleleyo kakuhle na umsebenzi yaye zikhula, ukuze, ke, loo nto kakubi ngokupheleleyo.

zisusa categorical Kant kaThixo (ukusuka kwisiLatini «imperativus» -. Imperious) - kuyintando elinqwenela okulungileyo ngenxa yokulungileyo; kungabi ngenxa yento enye, kwaye umgomo ngokwayo. Kant uthi ubani enze ukuze isenzo sakhe sibe ulawulo lwalo lonke uluntu. Kuphela ngokuqinileyo perceivable umsebenzi yokuziphatha isazela sakhe yenza ukuba baziphathe kakuhle. Le umsebenzi ukuthobela zonke iimfuno zexeshana kunye abucala kunye nomdla.

zisusa categorical kwahlukile umthetho wemvelo hayi nomphandle wocango nangokunyanzelwa "ezamahala self-ngxaki." Ukuba ityala lwangaphandle - ukungqinelana nemithetho karhulumente kunye nokungenizwa imithetho yendalo, ngoko ukuze ukubaluleka ezisesikweni kuphela "umthetho zasekhaya".

Imfuneko yezikhulu Kant - a categorical, umnqwazi kunye elipheleleyo. umsebenzi Yokuziphatha emayilandelwe rhoqo, ngamaxesha onke nakuyo yonke indawo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimeko. Umthetho yokuziphatha Kant, kufuneka iqhutywa nayiphi na injongo wangaphandle. Ukuba bangaphambili Ethics nokunganyanzelisi nto iziphumo-ebomini, iingenelo eziya kuzisa, okanye isenzo, kant iifowuni ayishiye ngokuphelele result. Kwelinye icala, sobulumko kufuna indlela engqongqo yokucinga kwaye ayibandakanyi nayiphi ungqinelaniso lwezinto iifomu okulungileyo nokubi, okanye ezinye intermediate phakathi kwabo, nakwelo umlinganiswa okanye izenzo zakhe, akanakuba mbini, umda phakathi sokuziphatha kunye nosekela kufuneka icace, ngqo, oluzinzileyo. Ukuziphatha kwi Kant idibanisa kunye ingcamango likaThixo, yaye kunyanzelekile yakhe categorical phakathi kwentsingiselo kufutshane iminqweno yokholo: uluntu apho yokuziphatha ilawula ubomi yenyama, lelona liphezulu lunqulo, iqonga yophuhliso yoluntu. Kant unika le fomu empirically ezibonwayo efanelekileyo. Xa zibona yakhe yokuziphatha, ngokunjalo malunga inkqubo yezopolitiko, ikhulela ingcamango "uxolo obungunaphakade", olusekelwe nangqiqo kwezoqoqosho imfazwe kunye isithintelo layo lomthetho.

Georg Hegel, sobulumko waseJamani yenkulungwane XIX, phantsi zagxekwa le zisusa categorical, ebona ubuthathaka bakhe kukuba eneneni, ndayihluthwa intsingiselo bonke: umsebenzi kuyimfuneko ukuze azalisekise ngenxa umsebenzi, yaye yintoni le ityala ayaziwa. Xa inkqubo Kant kaThixo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ucacise ngandlel 'kwaye ungawuchaza.