Kuhlohlwe imigangatho yokhuseleko radiation. rate radiation kuvumelekile

Xa xesha izixhobo zenyukliya kunye namandla enyukliya akukho lula ukuhlala kude kwenzekayo, yaye kutheni imigangatho yokhuseleko radiation ufumene yongxamiseko okhethekileyo. ulwazi lwabo kunokunceda ukuvavanya imeko, nto leyo ezinokuvela xa kukho intlekele yenyukliya. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba kwiMfazwe Yomlomo na amade, ingozi nezixhobo zokubulala abantu abaninzi abazange ayeke svoogo ubukho kunye atom ngoxolo isoloko kwakhokelela imiphumo ebuhlungu. Owona mzekelo usizi na ingozi eChernobyl, xa imigangatho radiation obuvumelekileyo ndiyazibaxa amaninzi amaxesha, ukuba azithathelwa ngqalelo. liquidators abaninzi kunye namaxhoba lingamazanga lutho.

Kulo Russian Federation, Ukraine kunye namanye amazwe amaninzi nemigangatho eziqhelekileyo yokhuseleko radiation. Bona kubekiwe nemithetho kunye nemigaqo-arhente. Kuqala kwinto zonke, imigangatho yokhuseleko radiation zinxulumene kubasebenzi xa izityalo amandla enyukliya, umkhosi imitha-bengakhuselekanga kunye nezinye izinto.

Going ngokwazi nolahlo ngokubanzi zale khowudi, kufuneka kwenziwe ntoni ngoko nangoko uze ucacise kubo. uhla kakhulu ophatha imigangatho yokhuseleko radiation njengoko imida ithamo sesichengeni yabantu radiation, zithathwa ukuba ibe non-enobungozi empilweni. Ngengqiqo lwezenzululwazi, ukuba zengcebiso indalo. Isikakhulu, imithetho ezo esekwe ngentlonelo idosi radiation integrable evela kuyo yonke imithombo lwemitha, ethi ichaphazele umntu unyaka wonke.

amathamo Imitha alinganiswa mbala kunye rads. Le yunithi noko ngokubanzi, ucinga ukuba ifuthe iidosi ezifanayo kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo radiation ithetha umonakalo ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo. Umzekelo, umthamo we-1 Rad alpha radiation ibangela mkhulu malunga amaxesha 20 umonakalo zebhayoloji kwe-1 Rad wesigrike okanye radiation beta. imigangatho yokhuseleko radiation kunye neziphumo ezifanayo bemvelo yomahluko ibalwa ngokusebenzisa factor umgangatho uhlobo radiation (ukusebenza isalamane eziphilayo) - ixabiso nto leyo malunga uzimisele.

A uvavanyo ngaphezulu Injongo ifuthe radiation ukuya esiphilayo ethile yenziwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo ekuthiwa-ezilinganayo (olusebenzayo) umthamo. Ixhomekeka phinda pamo wendele (in Rad) ukulungiselela lomlingani umgangatho radiation (CC), iyunithi off-nkqubo wayo ayikhumbule eziphilayo. equiv. Ndiyavuya (la). Kwindlela SR kubonakaliswa idosi sievert elingana (Sv). 1 Sv = 1 J / kg = 1 wulwe 1 Sv = 100 la. izinga owamkelekileyo radiation ngokungqinelana nemigangatho emiselweyo kuba lo mntu ayikho ngaphezulu kwe 0.1 yenani (ngaphandle imithombo yendalo radiation). Iingcali ezisebenza imithombo radiation eyenziweyo (abasebenzi izityalo zamandla enyukliya, umzekelo) kufuneka akabamkela zokukhanya kunyaka elingaphaya 5 Azure.

Ngoko ke, kufuneka ube nako ukubala uze uthelekise imigangatho kwemitha. Kukho kwakhona ezininzi iindlela ngamnye ngokwemilinganiso radiation, ezifumaneka ukuthengisa free. Xa kukho ingozi yokuba kwiimeko zongxamiseko ebandakanya ugrogriso imitha, kubalulekile ukukhumbula imfuneko izixhobo siqu kunye sorbents.