Ukubambisana kwezolimo: imbono, iintlobo, injongo. I-Statute yokubambisana kwezolimo

Agricultural op imveliso, imifelandawonye yezolimo kunye nezinye iintlobo imibutho yezentlalo, enxulumene necandelo loshishino efanayo, yaye kuya kusanda ukuthandwa. Le iqiniso ingcaciso elula: izakhiwo ezinjalo zikuvumela ukuba ukudibanisa iinzame abantu abaliqela okanye amaqumrhu asemthethweni, leyo lula kakhulu kufezekiso lweenjongo ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwishishini. Ngaphezu koko, le fomati umbutho kwenza kube lula ukuba kwisikali ngempumelelo yokusebenza ukufikelela kumanqanaba ezintsha imveliso.

Ukubaluleka intsebenziswano

Xa isandi onjalo elide njengoko "imifelandawonye yezolimo", kufuneka siqonde ukuba lo ngumbutho lisekwa abavelisi bezolimo okanye ngabo kwiifama zabucala.

Isiseko ukuze kwakhiwe isakhiwo enjalo ubulungu ngokuzithandela, kwakunye injongo yemveliso joint ingabonwa okanye nawuphi na omnye umsebenzi.

Kwelinye icala, ukuba aqalise inkqubo hlobo kufuna indibanisela iminikelo share impahla lamalungu op. Oku kuya ukwanelisa iintswelo zombutho.

Kubalulekile ukuba siqonde ukuba imifelandawonye yezolimo kunokuba zombini abathengi kunye noshishino. Ngamnye kubo uneempawu zawo kunye nenjongo.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kumazwe amaninzi nemigaqo nentsebenziswano amagqabantshintshi ezifanayo kwaye umahluko ayikwazi kubizwa ngokuba ebalulekileyo. Umzekelo, luphawu semvelo kwezakhiwo enjalo indlela yolawulo lwentando yesininzi. Oko kukuthi, wonke umntu unelungelo lokuvota, kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani yunithi, kuquka xa kufikwa ezikhethiweyo amabhunga olawulo ezikolo. Ezi ukhetho, kwakunye izigqibo ngemiba ezinkulu, ungaya kuphela nevoti jikelele.

nezimaphambili ezingundoqo

Ukuze ube ingcamango epheleleyo yintoni eyenza imifelandawonye yezolimo, kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo amagama angundoqo. Ezi nkcazelo xa zimana zisetyenziswa xa echaza kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo kwezakhiwo msebenzi, ihlelwe format co-operation.

Ungaqala kunye nobulungu. Ngoko ke, ilungu op kugqalwa iqumrhu elisemthethweni okanye umntu wendalo elinazo zonke iimfuno zomthetho federal kunye charter yombutho. Kwakhona ukusuka umbutho nxaxheba ifuna ukuqaliswa nesabelo mali emiselweyo. Ukuba yonke into eyenziwa ngokwesiko yamkelwe, ilungu elitsha lombutho unelungelo lokuvota.

liability olugunyazisiweyo amalungu op kwakhona ibinzana ekufuneka ihlawulwe ingqalelo. Kule meko sithetha ngayo amatyala ezongezelelweyo akazalani kuluhlu eqhelekileyo kweemfuneko-nxaxheba xa kusenziwa intlawulo. uxanduva enjalo eyongeziweyo kuba ezifanelekileyo, umzekelo, imeko apho ababolekisi thaca a iimfuneko zomthetho lwentsebenziswano, kodwa lo mbutho lingenako ukuhlangabezana nazo ngendlela efanelekileyo. Kufuneka kwakhona ukutsalela ingqalelo yokuba bobabini ubukhulu kunye neqondo liability ngokuzibona ugqitywa yitshata isakhiwo kunye nemithetho ye-Russian Federation.

Phantsi umqeshwa kwimibutho ezinjalo kufuneka baqonde umntu ongelilo ilungu lombutho kunye umdla uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi esebenzisa ngokwemvumelwano yengqesho.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ngubani umlimi yezolimo. Sithetha malunga umntu osemthethweni okanye zendalo ibandakanyeka ekuveliseni nayiphi na imveliso. Ipesenti iimveliso zolimo kule didi kufuneka ibe ngaphezulu kwama-50% yabo ngumthamo opheleleyo yeemveliso eyenziweyo yinkampani ethile.

Kufuneka athinte phezu into ezifana nezabelo. Eli binzana kuyimfuneko ukuqonda iminikelo eyenziwa lilungu op kwi efanayo fund mbutho. Kusenokuba ezemali, umhlaba kunye nayiphi na impahla, kunye namalungelo impahla ezinexabiso lemali. Kukho zombini iminikelo equity esisiseko kunye ezongezelelweyo.

Iintlawulo Cooperative - ayikho enye, njengoko iintlawulo kwi-nxaxheba intlangano ngokulandelelana kwaye igalelo umsebenzi yabasebenzi ngamnye kubo.

Ubulungu kwi op

Xa mbutho ekhona iindidi ezimbini amalungu: amalungu rhoqo kunye namalungu nabo ye op. Kwimeko yokuqala sithetha ngabantu kunye namaziko. Kunye nefomu yabathengi yokusebenzisana kuquka ukuthatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi abantu bendalo kuphela. Ngamnye amalungu wombutho unyanzelekile ukuba enze isabelo igalelo ngendlela kwaye imali iye yabekelwa. Ezi nxaxheba abongeziweyo kwi ezingundoqo izibophelelo liability (oluncedisayo) ezamkelela isakhiwo, kulandelwe yokuvota.

Ngokumalunga uhlobo ezinxulumene, kule meko sithetha ngabantu yomthetho okanye yendalo abenze share igalelo kunye rhoqo yayo kufumana inzuzo. ke Kwakhona sikhokelo ngegalelo layo ukwabelana iingozi ilahleko enokwenzeka evela kwimisebenzi mbutho. imifelandawonye yezolimo kunye namaqela ezinxulumene nazo ukuvumela yokugqibela abazange bathathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yezoqoqosho.

ngokuba ukupheliswa isiseko sobulungu inokuba umnyinyiva, imveliso lombutho, ukutshintshwa isabelo, ekuvalweni lequmrhu elisemthethweni kunye nentlawulo sub-mali kwi intshayelelo, kunye ngokupheleleyo. Kufuneka iqondwe into yokuba umntu lowo umnikelo share ungaba lilungu le op ngokusekelwe omnye kuphela iimeko.

Injongo imifelandawonye yezolimo

Structures alolu hlobo, Kakade ke, asingabo ngengozi. Senza imisebenzi ethile, ekuye kwagqitywa yi-nxaxheba phambi kokuba kwasekwa umbutho. Njengoko amanyeneyo ezinxulumene kwicandelo lezolimo, - kunxulumano eyinkunzi nje kuphela, kodwa abantu abathile, ubukho imigomo ngaphezu ubhalo. Nantsi imigaqo yokusebenza ezi mibutho, ngubani nazo iinjongo:

- ulawulo lwentando;

- ubulungu ngokuzithandela;

- ukufumana uncedo macala kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho;

- nabutyala amalungu awongezelelekileyo (ancedisayo);

- ukuhambisa yenzuzo, ngokulandelelana, igalelo nxaxheba ngamnye (share umnikelo, imisebenzi ethile);

- phambili iimfuno zamalungu lwentsebenziswano.

Kodwa ngokubanzi, izakhiwo ezinjalo ziyafuneka ukufikelela iingxaki ncam lwamalinge kunye nezibonelelo eqhelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ingcaciso ngemisebenzi mbutho iyafumaneka kumalungu ayo onke.

Wonke abathabatha inxaxheba umsebenzi osemthethweni lobume kwakhiwa, ufumana incwadi sobulungu, leyo iqulethe ezi nkcukacha zilandelayo: umhla yokubala kunye nobukhulu eziziprayimari okukodwa kunye nezabelo eziziisekondari.

op kwabathengi '

Eli gama lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela ngumbutho ongenzi nzuzo ophethwe yi abavelisi bezolimo. Xa ulawulo zalo mgaqo yedemokhrasi iyasetyenziswa, oko kukuthi, elinye ilungu op inokuba kubanevoti enye. Ngokubonakala lwentando yesininzi kunganxulunyaniswa ukuba umnqweno ukunyusa iingeniso-nxaxheba kunye nokunika nabo iintlobo iinkonzo kufuneka ngenxa kwiifama zabo.

Kuphela phantsi komqathango wokuba isakhiwo amalungu aya kuba abantu kwi-5 kunye amaqumrhu asemthethweni 2, amanyathelo abathengi wezolimo kuyilwa. Imisebenzi imibutho efana ayibandakanyi inxaxheba amashishini ecalanye karhulumente njengamalungu. Esi sithintelo kukwasebenza ngokunxulumene Company, ibekwe amashishini ecalanye karhulumente-owned kunye nawoomasipala.

op Ungahlela amanqanaba eziliqela ngokuhlanganisa imibutho nangokwahlukeneyo omkhulu omnye xa kuyimfuneko. Kwixesha elizayo, oku kusenokuba isakhiwo ngokubaluleka zesizwe nkqu nezamazwe ngamazwe.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba injongo ephambili umsebenzi kufuneka anikwe egameni lombutho, akukhathaliseki nokuba le uhlobo yabathengi okanye imveliso yezolimo. imibutho Cooperative, kwaye nasiphi na isakhiwo singachazwa njengento umbutho ngenjongo yemisebenzi yorhwebo eyiyo ukuvumela nxaxheba ukuya kwi imimango ngokwesiseko entsha, kuquka ngaphandle elizweni.

Izinto eziluncedo ze olu hlobo umbutho iquka ithuba lokufikelela ngqo abathengi kunye nabavelisi, yaye ngenxa yoko, sizofaka eqinisa isikhundla salo abangakwaziyo lentengiso. Ngala izibonelelo, amalungu lwentsebenziswano ziyakwazi ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo iimfuno zabo zombini phambi amashishini processing, kwakunye neenkampani zorhwebo ezahlukeneyo.

op production

Lo ngumbutho yorhwebo ukuba yenziwa ngabemi ngenjongo elona linge joint. Sithetha ngalo imveliso, ukuqhutywa kwemalike nokuthengisa kweemveliso zezolimo. Enyanisweni, oku isizathu sokuba umzuzwana ubhalisiwe. Agricultural Production Cooperative, umgaqo, nga swi nawuphi na umsebenzi ukuba akukho liyathintelwa ngumthetho, kodwa imiyalelo enikwe ngasentla kakhulu zithandwa.

imveliso amalungu lwentsebenziswano ayikwazi ukuba amaqumrhu asemthethweni, abemi kuphela ye-Russian Federation, yaye kuphela abo uneminyaka eli-16 ubudala. Ngelo amalungu ngexesha elifanayo yombutho kufuneka uthabathe nesinye isahlulo lobuqu kwimisebenzi yayo. Kuluncedo ukwazi ukuba igama elithi "gang" lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela ookopolotyeni ihlelwe ngohlobo ifama ehlangeneyo.

An into umdla kukuba ukuze ukulungisa zonke izigqibo ezibalulekileyo mbutho ezisetyenziswa kwezolimo protocol lwentsebenziswano. Olu xwebhu ibonisa lonke ulwazi malunga yokuhlangana, umzekelo, lithathe isigqibo ngaphandle ilungu ethile lombutho okanye ukuqwalasela ezinye izinto. Kwingxelo uyakwazi ukufumana amagama abo bonke abathathi yentlanganiso, injongo apho yokugqibela lwaqhutywa, kwaye ke isigqibo sokugqibela. Amaxwebhu anjalo ikuvumela ukuba umkhondo wonke nje umqokozo izigqibo ezibalulekileyo lombutho xa kuyimfuneko.

Ubume mnqophiso

Olu xwebhu isiseko yombutho, kwaye ngaphandle umsebenzi epheleleyo akwenzeki. Ngoko ke, lo ummiselo obambisene imveliso yezolimo iya kuyilwa ngaphandle nakanjani.

Ngokumalunga kulwakhiwo lwalo, oko kuquka amacandelo eziliqela isitshixo, kwaye oku kungatshintshwa inani lazo xa kuyimfuneko. Xa isicelo wabaseki amanye amacandelo eziphambili ingabonakaliswa ehlelo eyahlukileyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, it has isakhiwo ilandelayo:

1. Ekuqaleni, esicacisa izinto amalungiselelo jikelele. Apha oko kuxhomekeka kukuba op liqumrhu elisemthethweni, ukusekwa ngaphandle komlinganiselo lokubalwa kwaye isebenza ngokwesiseko lo mnqophiso. ulwazi olungolunye irekhodwa kwi kungenzeka yokuseka yokulondoloza imali ayahlukahlukenanga, ilungelo ukungena kwizivumelwano kunye imicimbi njengoko enjalo, kwakunye nazo zonke iintlobo zobutyala kunye nezinye.

2. Iinjongo kunye nesiqulatho lwemisebenzi. Kule nxalenye yitshata op imveliso yezolimo inika ingcaciso iinjongo apho umbutho idaliwe, kwakhona uchaza ngokucacileyo yonke imisebenzi ecwangcisiweyo.

3. Ubulungu. Le ngummiselo nto igqiba ngubani kwaye phantsi kweziphi iimeko abe lilungu lentlangano ethile. Eli candelo sicacisa awohluke yentsebenziswano nabantu kunye nemibutho esemthethweni.

4. Uxanduva kunye namalungelo amalungu op. Olu block nkcazelo iyafuneka ukuze kukhangelwe ngokweenkcukacha oko onke amalungu banelungelo elilinganayo kunye nezibophelelo beqalisa. Sixoxa izohlwayo kunokwenzeka xa kuthe non-yokwenza izibophelelo phantsi ezingummiselo.

5. Le nkqubo kunye nemiqathango zokungenela sokubambisana kunye nokupheliswa kobulungu kuyo. Iqulethe ulwazi Ngawaphi amaxwebhu kufuneka obabonisa bonke abo banqwenela ukuba babe yinxalenye lombutho ethile. Kwakhona eli candelo ixhomekeke umyalelo isicelo kunye nesizathu ukuba ukusilela. Kungenxa kule mimandla iimpawu esisigxina akhuphe incwadi lilungu kunye neziqulatho zayo. Njengoko kuba iimeko transfer share kunye neemeko imveliso lombutho, bona nabo kuchaziwe ngokunzulu. Ingqalelo inikwa nxaxheba kunye nokungabandakanywa kobume kunokwenzeka.

6. Controls. Luyinto ebalulekileyo lonke ulwazi, leyo iqulathe ezingummiselo amanyathelo abathengi yezolimo. Isampulu olu xwebhu luya kunceda ukubeka ngokucacileyo ubume kweli candelo. Ngokubanzi, kukho uzimisele uluhlu lwe ulawulo ukuba kufuneka ukudala isiseko mandatory. Ngaphezu koko, imiqathango esiqingqiweyo kwendalo yazo kunye nemigaqo engundoqo yokusebenza.

7. impahla. Eli candelo kuyafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iinkcukacha ubume equity kunye namatyala. Lichaza ukuthi okuthathwa umbutho engundoqo eyinkunzi non-ngeniso (emnyango, iminikelo mandatory olongezelelweyo, lo mali eza kugcinwa , kunye nabanye.). Kwakhona uchaza indlela ulwabiwo lwezibonelelo kunye nenye ingcaciso echaphazelekayo.

8. Le lahlukene, ukupheliswa kunye ukutshona op. Esi sahluko kuyimfuneko ukuze kufumaneke ithuba kuza naziphi kunye, xa kukho imfuneko, ebabela. Kwakhona kumiselwa indlela apho umbutho othile non-ezorhwebo lupheliswe.

9. amalungiselelo olongezelelweyo. Olu lwazi lokugqibela ukuvala ukwakha imimiselo op yabathengi yezolimo. Isampulu naluphi uxwebhu yale hlobo kufika esiphelweni kubo. Le yinxalenye imfuneko ukulungisa imiqathango ekunokuthi kwenziwe naluphi na utshintsho kule Tshatha ngokwayo. Kwakhona abonisa umhla xwebhu kunye inani leekopi ngamandla zomthetho ngokulinganayo.

yindlela umba kwerhafu

umsebenzi Administration kwi op siza kunikela ingqalelo kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo elisemthethweni, yaye oko kuya kufuna akhawunti eziliqela.

Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yazo ingeniso evela kwimisebenzi ezingezo-yorhwebo lusetyenziswa 86 "Target ngemali", eyayibhalwe ulwazi. Isiseko senzo ke itshati ye-akhawunti umsebenzi ezingokwezimali nezoqoqosho.

Ngenxa yoko, amanqaku 90 isetyenziswa ukubhala ingeniso evela kwimisebenzi zokurhweba. Ngenxa yesi sizathu ibizwa ngokuba "Sales".

Kukho nenye oyilwayo phantsi inombolo 08 yaye igama "Utyalo-asethi non-current". Kufuneka ugcine irekhodi umbutho-capital investments.

Iyafuna ukunikela ingqalelo yokuba irhafu yi imifelandawonye yezolimo kunye nokwakhiwa ikontraki izinto ezahlukeneyo uneempawu zawo. Kulo mzekelo, ixabiso yomsebenzi owenziwa namanqaku oncedo ngu 60, kwaye akhawunti 08 le debit.

Ukuba usebenzisa indlela kwezoqoqosho yokwenza into kuba iindleko ezinxulumene kunye nokwakhiwa kweendawo ezithile, ezi zinto zilandelayo lwenkcitho:

- izinto;

- zokuqhuba ishishini;

- iindleko ezinxulumene nokusebenza kunye nokulondolozwa oomatshini kunye nezixhobo;

- yepeyiroli nokuxhuzulwa kwemali ngenxa yezentlalo;

- nezinye iindleko.

Ukuba yonke co-op zisetyenziswa kuphela qwaba injongo eyenzelwe yona, ingeniso ekujoliswe azithathelwa ngqalelo ekulungiseleleni isiseko serhafu. Ngokubhekiselele VAT, ngokomgaqo othile jikelele, imibutho ezinjalo kufuneka ukuba uhlawule ngawo.

KwiNtlanganiso Jikelele imifelandawonye yezolimo: amandla

Ukuba eli candelo likhulu lolawulo kwisakhiwo esinjalo, kwaye unelungelo lokuba wenze naziphi izigqibo malunga nemisebenzi yombutho. Amagunya kwiNtlanganiso Jikelele kakhulu ukuba bakwazi ukuqinisekisa okanye ukucima isigqibo ebhodini zokusuphavayiza ibhodi op.

Kwakhona INtlanganiso Jikelele enobuchule kuphela xa yokujongana nemiba ethile. Kusenokuba, umzekelo, inkqubo ukwabiwa iingeniso kunye nelahleko phakathi kwamaqela lwentsebenziswano, ukufunyanwa kunye ukusikwa komhlaba, kwakunye nombutho esisiseko kwemali, imvume charter, utshintsho kulwakhiwo lwalo, inkcazo ubukhulu kunye neentlobo-mali, ngokunjalo litsha kunye lomqhubi.

yezolimo ulawulo lwentsebenziswano ngaphandle umzimba akwenzeki. Hi ndlela leyi, ngaphandle kokuba ulwamkelo-nxaxheba kunye op nayo inxaxheba kwintlanganiso jikelele.

yokubuyiselwa komhlaba

Xa sincokola ngayo ilizwe, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba lo propati liphethwe ngumnini lwentsebenziswano. Ngelo amalungu ngexesha elifanayo lombutho banelungelo ukudlulisela umhlaba njengomnikelo isabelo kwimeko litsha ayisebenzise ngendlela efanayo.

Kwakhona, imifelandawonye yezolimo umhlaba zingathengwa okanye ubume imibutho indawo nezinye izizathu. Ngokubhekisele ukusetyenziswa komhlaba, isakhiwo, ihlelwe format intsebenziswano banelungelo lokuseka kumahlathi zokuzikhusela, ukuba asebenze ngaphakathi sikhokelo kwemveliso yezolimo, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa komhlaba ukulungiselela iinjongo zemfundo kunye nophando. ukulima Fish nako ingabalelwa kolu luhlu.

Ngamanye amaxesha Land Act njengoko intlawulo umnikelo ngohlobo impahla.

iziphumo

Loo indlela kwimibutho, ezifana kwezolimo, i ngokukhethekileyo ithemba kwaye efanelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba Association of ezifama kunye amanyeneyo yezolimo inika igalelo kakhulu kuphuhliso intsebenziswano olu hlobo eRashiya. Injongo ukukhusela amalungelo imibutho ezincinane ziwela phantsi kwicandelo lezolimo kunye namafama, kwakunye noncedo nobuchule ekukhuleni kwabo oluninzi. Ngoko ke, lo imibutho format ngokuya ethatha iingcambu babeziindleko eRashiya.