Kwimpucuko yoncwadi: akuzange into

Umsebenzi nganye entsha inkcubeko ufuna ukuba kuziswe into zobugcisa yakhe yokuqala ngokupheleleyo, yaye, ke, ufuna ukushiya uphawu abayibo- kwimbali yoluntu. Kodwa ukufuna ukuba amacandelo obugcisa ezintsha kunye neentsingiselo, ngenxa yesizathu esithile gqolo wakhokelela bemeko- izithethe processing. Kwakhona ukuba ubugcisa nenkcubeko yimveliso yabasebenzi ngokwasengqondweni kwaye yokomoya yabantu eneneni owayephila kwezentlalo. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuphela 19 st. igcisa nganye kwaye umbhali uzama ukwenza elitsha, ngoxa bafumana ifuthe mandulo nangoku. Ngenxa yoko, amagama evakalisa elizayo, enyanisweni, eneneni umfulathele phezu kwakhe. Ukuphela kwesi engenangqondo ugqibe kwelokuba ubeke modernists - alahle ngokupheleleyo kwixesha elidlulileyo kwaye langoku ukwenza into engazange yenzeka ngaphambili.

Society iye yasabela ukuzama ukutshatyalaliswa ndlela zemveli ubugcisa kuhlaselo silwe nxamnye modernists.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. enkalo zokuzilungisa zobugcisa ngokuneengcwangu imisebenzi engaqhelekanga kwabangela abacaphukayo phakathi iingcali yokusabela ahlekise. I-sobulumko ezaziwayo-kakuhle Spanish Ortega y Gasset wachaza into yokuba ubugcisa kwimpucuko nepopulyarno endalweni. Ngaphezu koko - ukuba antipopulyarno.

Yintoni kwimpucuko? Xa ukupeyinta, ukusukela ezintsha kuye kwavula iinkalo ezintathu: Cubism (ezavela eFransi, kodwa ibisoloko ezinxulumene ne igama yaseSpain uPicasso), futurism (uphindelela scandalously kukhuthazwa e-Italy) kunye abstract (njenge yintsholongwane savela eRashiya eJamani, Vasiliem Kandinskim).

ukulahlwa zokwalatha ngxwaba nasiphina isithethe convention wavakalisa Vladimir Mayakovsky, ungabi ingqalelo umsebenzi wabo ezintsha ngokupheleleyo. Noko ke, ukuba uthe waba unelungelo bango ngokuphuma? Ngapha koko, wabhala wadideka yakhe, bayakhubeka iivesi esebenzisa amagama aqhelekileyo! Kakhulu ngakumbi phambili kwi imvelaphi buchopho self-wavakalisa waziva Hugo Ball - ngunozala Dada, lowo ufunda le ndawo ivesi ngqiqweni ... izandi.

imisinga ezininzi nezahlukeneyo modernist kuvele iminyaka eyahlukeneyo kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Awade ezinxulumene izithethe zesizwe kwaye ibaluleke ngamazwe. kwimpucuko yoncwadi yaba yokusabela lonya le mpucuko entsha. Amagcisa kunye ababhali Modernist bakholelwa ukuba nkqubo zabo, kuthwelwe ebomini, tshintsha ihlabathi.

A nobuninzi flow saa (IMAGISM, Acmeism, expressionism, kwemiYalezo, Unxibelelaniso, ebomini) kwadityaniswa nje omnye - indlela creative antirealistic.

kwimpucuko yoncwadi - nto wesihogo umxube kuphika amaxabiso zabantu kunye mapping iimpawu ngokusesikweni umsebenzi eziphilayo eyaziyo, isenesazela.

Ukongezelela, nganye kwezi zimvo ingqalelo ngokwakhe yiko ezibalulekileyo entsha. Kumzabalazo entandweni Art Nouveau amanani zenkcubeko yelo xesha yephule ngokuphandle nemigaqo ingqondo.

kwimpucuko yoncwadi - na Dzheyms Dzhoys, Ezhen Ionesku, uJean Pol Sartr, kaHermann Hesse, kunye nezinye ababhali abaninzi, owacula i ode waya engenangqondo ubomi, ngathi ukuba wonke umntu ophila kuphela kufa ngomso, hayi, hayi, igama ayinyamezeleki kakhulu, kakhulu okanye kunoko kuvakala ngathi le nto: ngokuzola kufa buvunde ngathi umbungu.

Kwanele ukuba bafunde ibali elifutshane "Le milo" Frantsa Kafki, ukuze ufumane uluvo ecacileyo indlela enobuchule kunye ngcinga kwimpucuko. Thina balibalise ibali a nutshell.

Indoda uyavuka ebhedini yakhe efumanise ukuba yena - ihlathi yentwala omkhulu, yaye ngoku kufuneka siqhubeke thile ukuze baphile kunye neentsapho zabo, nangona izihlobo va ukwenyanya undisguised kunye nentiyo ngaye, yaye bephazamisa lokubulala. Kodwa kubonakala ngathi woodlice kuphela ngaphandle - ngaphakathi entliziyweni yomntu iyayilwa umphefumlo gentle kuncothulwa iintlungu, ingqondo akakwazi ukuba baqonde ithemba kunye nesiganeko avela.

Loo kwimpucuko boncwadi, esola inkampani kwandise yayo yokuziphatha kunye ngokwasengqondweni.

iindlela Modernist, nazo zonke ezahlukeneyo wayo, imphathe ngokulinganayo ubuhlobo ubugcisa leyinene, kwakunye nefom kunye nesiqulatho. Art kubaluleke ngaphezu Enyanisweni, ubugcisa kudala ngokwayo yaye apho ngokwayo ngokwayo, art - kuba bubomi. A ubomi bonke ubugcisa, uxolele ingxelo eyinqaba, kodwa ukufa, inkqubo yokubulawa. Ngokulandelelana - fomu kubaluleke ngaphezu umxholo.

Kwimpucuko weza kwifama yenkcubeko, kulinywa ngokweenzala zangaphambili (zama ukukhula kwiimeko ezintsha zentlalo nokwengqolowa isithethe wamandulo, imbewu ilifa zamaxesha yothando), ukuze bazalise olungalinganiyo amanqatha umhlaba omnyama ifolo Rodia izimvo unoriginal, strong asphalt nezangaphakathi zimsulwa Art Eyona New .

Ukudideka, lo kuphika ka entandweni elidlulileyo, ukubhukuqwa abasemagunyeni ukwaliwa zonke izinto zemveli ukuba kwimpucuko zeemoto yonke imithombo ezintsha.

Ngokuthe ngcembe, kumzabalazo wokulwa omdala, ubugcisa omtsha, ukuze ayichithe ngokwayo. Kwimpucuko asphalt wayengekho namandla angako. Ngenxa ukuhlala kwakhe waqalisa ukwaphula ihlume postmodernism, ukufunxile onke amandla odala nawuphi na umhlaba - imbali lasisiseko senkcubeko yoluntu.

Kwimpucuko kunye postmodernism yahluke kuphela ukuba owokugqibela ntoni ndifune ukuzitshabalalisa elidlulileyo (akunakwenzeka). Yena oqondela nje utshintsho ukusuka kumsebenzi (njengoko ukuzalwa into entsha umgaqo) ukuya uyilo (njengoko uhlobo kunokwenzeka kuphela umsebenzi wobugcisa).

Namhlanje igcisa, umbhali, imbongi, babe ngabantu abafundileyo kakhulu kwaye kakuhle, bazi kakuhle ukuba liphupha yakhe imifanekiso - kakuhle eli quote. Kwaye ke, ngokubanzi, musa unalo ilungelo lokuba ibango zabhalwa ngemisebenzi yakhe; zonke iziza, umxholo, iindlela zobugcisa ayikwazi kuthiwe yokuqala, kuba sele ezisetyenziswa Ayisichazeli yenkcubeko edlulileyo. Umbhali uthi kuphela izinto ezindala picture entsha.