L. I. Brezhnev: komngcwabo, umhla, photo

Ngowe-1982, xa dacha yakhe "District 6" wafa L. I. Brezhnev. I omngcwabo umlinganiswa bamakhazikhazi kwimbali waseUSSR, khe ndiye kubulisa yintloko Socialist Republic eyenziwa ngabameli abavela kumazwe-35 ehlabathini.

biography emfutshane of Brezhnev

Z Brezhnev wazalelwa Ukraine e Kamenka ngoDisemba 19 ngo-1906. Kule minyaka 18 njengentloko kwizikhundla eziphezulu eSoviet Union. Unobhala jikelele elizayo wayengunyana ngowamazibulo kusapho kwabasebenzi, emveni kokuzala kwakhe uYakobi Ukholo. Ngowe-1915 wangena kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, apho waphumelela ngowe-1921. Ngowe-1923 wabalelwa kungena Komsomol. 1927 bathweswa izidanga College of ukuhlola, unocanda ilizwe, emva kokuphumelela, wasebenza ekhaya kuqala, emva koko wathunyelwa Urals.

Ngowe-1935 waphumelela kwicandelo ngokuhlwa DMI (Metallurgical Institute) kunye isidanga zobunjineli. Wakhonza Red Army ngumhlohli yezopolitiko de 1936, kule amazinga izidanga efanayo motorization, emveni kokuba unyuselwe uLt. Ngowe-1950, unobhala yokuqala Central Committee Moldova, ngowe-1954 sakhutshelwa Kazakhstan. Ngowe-1964 yena inxaxheba kwiqela offset N. S. Hruscheva endaweni yakhe, wada wacela amanyathelo ngokwasemzimbeni ukuphelisa.

Kulo efanayo 1964 Oktobha 14, Brezhnev wonyulwa unobhala yokuqala CPSU Committee Central. Ngokutsho Biryukova, injongo eyenzelwe njengenyathelo lexeshana ukuze ukhethe jikelele unobhala esisigxina. Kodwa Z Ilyich lasungula inkqubo ebanzi ukuba babuyele imigaqo Leninist, yaye kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa, akukho namnye wacinga ukubana yintloko karhulumente.

umsebenzi xi

Stalin wakhetha iqabane lakhe abalindi ezininzi nokusebenza kuyamangalisa, kodwa iyalawulwa ngaso imisebenzi Brezhnev. Ixesha xa Z Brezhnev wayeyintloko isityalo metallurgical, wazala iminxeba ebusuku, uxinezeleko rhoqo kunye khulu. Ngokutsho umfazi wakhe, Victoria Petrovna, ukuze iwe "ebuhlanti", umyeni wakhe wasebenza iintsuku ekupheleni. ingxabano njalo, nto leyo wayengavumelekanga ukuba ukuphumla usuku, kukho inani elikhulu ukutshaya watshaya phantsi impilo Brezhnev kaThixo. Michael Zhiharev, owayesebenza naye ku Kazakhstan, uthi Z Ilyich isiduli ukusuka komzimba, bakhe wasiwa esibhedlele, kodwa emva kweeyure ezimbalwa wabuyela emsebenzini.

On belingana ukudinwa ngokuzingisileyo, impilo Brezhnev kaThixo phantsi uloyiko. Uhlobo iyingozi yamaqabane ngamayelenqe kuStalin kunye nengqalelo lomgadi abantu imisebenzi yayo ngaxa ethile wasiphula ndoda ezingenamandla. Ukanti Stalin ubabalweyo neqabane esebenzayo, wathi: loo mntu esingelwe - yi Brezhnev. Umngcwabo Stalin, umfanekiso wakhe oqingqiweyo kunye emcebisayo, Z Ilyich bahlupheka ngesibetho ngesiquphe ngasemva. wadanduluka Emngcwabeni, hayi ngokufihla iimvakalelo zakhe.

Kuba iinkumbulo esiphaya kwidayari, i-stroke yenzeka okokuqala ngowe-1959 emva kokuba incoko elibukhali Kirichenko A. I. imeko wonke nzima kukuba Brezhnev ngokwakhe akazange izibhedlele kunye noogqirha uthanda. Yena ingqalelo isigulana nzima ngubani na nzima ukugcina ebhedini. Ngowe-1968, unobhala jikelele uthwala linengxaki ilungelo unesifo kwi yesicelo, engafuni ukuba esibhedlele kwaye uzama ukusebenza kuyo. Ngenxa yoko, iingxaki baqalisa isixhobo intetho. Ngowe-1974, mbali, bukela kwelanga oziphethe ezimeleyo Brezhnev.

ubusuku ukufa

Ngentsasa ka November 10, Victoria Petrovna, umfazi Brezhnev, yema 8, umongikazi lenza kongezwa insulin. Z Ilyich walala phezu ecaleni kwakhe, waza yena ndimvuse. Vladimir Sobachenkov, uNobhala Jikelele yamafanankosi, waya kumbona imizuzu engama-20 kamva, wavula amalengalenga lokulala, wajika ukukhanya encinane. Phezu sihlolisisa, lo mfana waqonda ukuba uNobhala Jikelele wayengasaphefumli, yaye ngoko nangoko ngokuba labagula kakhulu. Doctor Chazov EI Ndaya imizuzu-12 phambi kokuba yezigulana ngemoto. Ugqirha ngokobuqu aziswe kufa umyeni Viktorii Brezhnevoy waza wacela lezigidimi ukwazisa iziganeko ngokubulawa kwale nabasemagunyeni kweliphezulu.

Pribytkov V. (umqeshwa i-Central Committee of Communist Party) wathi:

"Enye into endayiqaphelayo yinto yokuba busuku wawungaqhelekanga ukufa isithuba zonyango kweli lizwe."

Medvedev V. (unogada) ukhumbula oku:

"Thina wayesazi ukuba ngokuya iintsuku. Ngamnye wayefuna ukuba akuzange kwenzeke shift yakhe. "

Umhla emngcwabeni Brezhneva Leonida Ilicha wachongwa yangummiselo okhethekileyo November 15.

November 11, 1982

Ngale mini, eli lizwe wayengazi malunga ukufa kuNobhala Jikelele. isaziso esemthethweni esipapashwe kuphela ngoNovemba 12 kodwa wayevakalelwa ukuba kukho into eyenzekileyo. E 12 emva kwemini, ngoko nangoko irhoxisiwe zonke iiklasi ezikolweni, kwizikhululo zikaloliwe zilala, kunye Red Square. Kumabonakude, iinkqubo utshintsho, iimovie kunye zokuzonwabisa endaweni ikonsathi okucwangcisiweyo wabeka idrama zembali kunye ballet.

Ngokukhawuleza ukuseka iKhomishini ukuya 'yomngcwabo yesicelo kaThixo. " Brezhnev uthuthwa ukuya ezigcinwa kuyo umzi, apho iingubo zakhe kunye nokusebenzisa make-up. Sinoxanduva umsebenzi Andropov wamisela njengoko ezihlangwini elizayo kuNobhala Jikelele.

ebuhlungu Abantu

November 12 ngo-10 kusasa kumabonwakude ukuba babhengeza iindaba ukufa Leonida Ilicha. Eminqubeni lokuzila, irhoxisiwe yonke imisebenzi. yaphela Brezhnev era. Abantu Russia, nangona amabali umbuso malunga ukukhula incum-odolo kunye amagama ngababuthuntu, wayeyithanda jikelele unobhala. Yiloo xa laqala ukwanda ubuntatheli kunye noshicilelo, emva ukuhluza engqongqo Stalin ukuba. Nangona indlu yaye abazange ukuba ixabiso lemveliso, Z Brezhnev wacela manani veki nganye, esazi kakuhle kangakanani ukuba Kilo efaka. Eyona banenzondelelo umnqweno wakhe ukungqina ehlabathini ukuba nokuba phantsi socialism abantu baphile nempumelelo.

Kodwa ke, siyayiqonda loo ndawo imxinwa yoyikekayo emngcwabeni Stalin, zabulala abantu abaninzi, urhulumente ubezivingcile kanye, zonke iindlela eMoscow. Ukuze imbeko imemori nga abemi kunye nabameli bamazwe angaphandle kuphela ekhethiweyo. Brezhnev, ukuyila ogama yomngcwabo nqa abasakhasayo wayo, ukubaluleka nakubungakanani uncwino enxibe kuhambo lwakhe lokugqibela waya phantsi iingcinga ebuhlungu utshintsho elizayo kweli lizwe.

Iinkqubo zomngcwabo (inyathelo 1)

Ukususela ngoNovemba 12 ukuya kwi-15 kuquka umbambazelo lizwe. Akuvunyelwe kwanawokuqhuba nayiphi na imisebenzi, ivaliwe izikolo, abancinane eziguqulweyo, uninzi kwamashishini kunye neefektri. Kumabonakude nonomathotholo irhoxisiwe zonke iinkqubo yasasazwa ballet.

umlando yomngcwabo Brezhnev iqalisa kunye ntle kwiNdlu yeemanyano. I Hall of Columns sondela na ukubonisa imbeko yokugqibela unobhala jikelele lizwe. Imbeko kwisikhumbuzo igqiza Indiya, ephethwe iNkulumbuso Indira Gandhi, kwaye usihlalo wekomiti elawulayo ye-PLO, imibutho Yasser Arafat.

Novemba 15 ukusuka 5:00 kusasa ukuya 11:00 am - Watch zokuzila amalungu Wawongwa i Politburo, amanani ebalaseleyo zobugcisa nenkcubeko, abameli nabalungiseleleli kumacandelo ezoqoqosho. Kukukhumbula wafika Metropolitan Pimen kunye Filaret. Le bhokisi ihonjiswe ezineeribhoni zexabiso zokuzila ngeesentimitha eziyi-40 amawaka nezidanga.

Ukususela 11,00 ukuya 11,20 kufuphi umfi yayizizalamane kuphela, umfazi Victoria Petrovna, intombi Galina, nyana George, umzalwana ke kaYakobi udade UVera.

Ngowe-1130 phantsi izandi zomngcwabo Nyathela ibhokisi obekwe kwi ngompu labagcwalisi kunye kancinci abawathabathayo holo kwi-Red Square. I lokuqala kaNksz Mkile ndlelantle baba ngamalungu osapho, abahlobo uNobhala Jikelele, amalungu iinkokeli Politburo, urhulumente iqela. Phambi umfi neminatha ithwalwa kwaye amaribhili, kwakunye namabhaso amaninzi.

E 12.45 ibhokisi kwehliswa kungena engcwabeni. umhobe wesizwe, emva kokuba wakubulisa koombayimbayi, ukucula imizi-mveliso, oomatshini, iquke siren kwi kaloliwe kunye esibona - uphawu yokuba Brezhnev wafa. inyathelo omngcwabo sesibini isigaba.

Iinkqubo zomngcwabo (inyathelo 2)

E 13.00 iinkokeli kunye neenkokheli iqela ukuze unkcenkceshele Umakhi. Iqala kuluhlu le Moscow ikampu.

Uyalila irali wavula Andropov, kulandele iintetho ntle namanye namahlakani unobhala jikelele. Emva kokuba abameli kwamanye amazwe beza ukuhlawula irhafu engcwabeni yomntu omkhulu.

lonke eli lizwe wabukela ubomi njengoko ithunyelwe uhambo lwakhe lokugqibela Brezhnev Z. Umngcwabo losasazo kwi kwitshaneli wokuqala Ostankino kamabonakude.

Intsomi kunye yokufuna ulwazi real

I imbasa yokuqala msitho waba imeko-odolo. Ngenxa yesithethe, ngamnye kunye nemiyalelo kunye neembasa kufuneka sibekwe phezu umqamelo esahlukileyo. Kodwa ke umvuzo babebaninzi, ngoko sagqiba ekubeni senze imiyalelo embalwa ngaphezu umngcwabo yancitshiswa Brezhnev kaThixo. Z Brezhnev, nangona ukugculelwa, abawuthandanga kuphela ukwenza imiyalelo, kodwa kwakhona nge uyolo efanayo pha phezu kwabo ngabanye.

Intsomi lwesibini malunga bawa ibhokisi kundikhanyela yonke ngokobuqu kumsitho. Ngokutsho kwabo, ngenxeba ukuba kumabonwakude izandi sinjengesandi into esiwa, lo ngowona ivolibholi gun, eyayihamba kunye ukungcwatywa kunye emngcwabeni Brezhnev. "Eziwayo ibhokisi" - na ilejendi owabhala.