Armenia imbali yaMandulo, imihla, iNkcubeko

History of Armenia Ancient uneminyaka engaphezu kwewaka, yaye Armenia abaye baphila ixesha elide phambi kokuba kwiintlanga eYurophu yanamhlanje. Belikhona ngaphambi kokufika abantu bamandulo - amaRoma namaGrike.

I okuqala

igama eliqhelekileyo "Arminius" kubalawuli ngoonobumba basePersi. Sabika ukhankanya njengoko 'Armenia "kwiincwadi zakhe. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, kwaba ngabantu baseYurophu Indo-abasuka eYurophu ukuya kwinkulungwane XII. BC. e.

Enye ingcamango ithi praarmyanskie amaxhama wesizwe kwavela okokuqala kwi kwiintaba Armenian ukuya BC 4-3 nkulungwane Ngabo, ngokutsho kwezinye izazinzulu, ezifumaneka kulo mbongo "I Iliad" ngu kaHomer ebizwa ngokuba "Arima".

Elinye lamagama ezindala Armenian - Hi, - ngeziphakamiso wenzululwazi, livela "Hayasa 'igama abantu. Eli gama ikhankanywe phezu iitafile udongwe umHeti kwi BC II kwiwaka. e ezifumaneka ngexesha ngabembi Hattushash -. ikomkhulu wamandulo umHeti.

Kukho ubungqina bokuba Asiriya wabiza imilambo intsimi eli lizwe - Nairi. Ngokutsho hypothesis mnye, wawuquka iintlanga ezahlukeneyo 60.

Ekuqaleni le IX. BC. e. kwakukho umbuso onamandla Urartu kunye Van ingqukuva. Kukholelwa ukuba le miba yamandulo kummandla eSoviet Union. impucuko Urartu, ezihlangwini zakhe Armenia, kwakunzima phambili. Kwakukho ulwimi olubhaliweyo lusekelwe waseBhabhiloni-Asiriya ngoonobumba, ezolimo, iinkomo kufuywe yokunyibilikisa isinyithi.

Urartu yayidume ukwakhiwa iinqaba soyiswe technology. Ngomhla kummandla Yerevan mihla kwakukho ababini kubo. Okokuqala - Erebuni, yakhiwa omnye ookumkani yokuqala Argishti. Yaba yena lowo wamnika igama ukuya mihla ikomkhulu Armenia. Okwesibini - Teishebaini ezisekelwe ukumkani Rusa II (685-645 BCE ...). Loo pravitelel Urartu wokugqibela. Urhulumente akakwazanga ukumelana waseAsiriya enamandla bonke bafa esifubeni sakhe.

Indawo yayo ithathwe urhulumente omtsha. Ookumkani yokuqala Armenia yamandulo - Tigran Eruand. Le yokugqibela akufuneki mazingabhidaniswa umlawuli edume Tigran Enkulu, owathi kamva ukunoyikisa uBukhosi baseRoma kwaye adale ubukhosi enkulu eMpuma. Kukho uhlanga olutsha, kwakheka ngenxa nokwenziwa of Indo-baseYurophu kunye nezizwe amandulo wengingqi Hayami kunye Urartu. Ngoko lo mbandela karhulumente omtsha - yaMandulo Armenia kunye nenkcubeko yawo, ulwimi.

akhonze yamaPersi

Ngelo xesha, wasePersi yaba lilizwe elinamandla. zonke izizwe abemiyo kwelaseAsiya Minor, bamlalela. Kule ngxaki wehlelwa ubukumkani Armenian. ulawulo Persian phezu kwabo kwaqhubeka ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini (550-330 gg. BC. E.).

mbali yesiGrike sexesha Armenian namaPersi

Armenia - an yimpucuko yamandulo. Oku kuqinisekiswa yi-mbali ezininzi zamandulo, umzekelo, ngo-Xenophontos V e BC. e. Njengoko nxaxheba kwiziganeko umbhali we "Anabasis" ochazwe kokurhoxa 10,000 nakumaGrike ukuya kuLwandle Black kweli lizwe, nto leyo ebizwa ngokuba Armenia Ancient. AmaGrike wabona uphuhliso imisebenzi yezoqoqosho, kwakunye nobomi Armenia. Ewe, kuyo yonke indawo kule ingqolowa mmandla, nerhasi, iiwayini enuka kamnandi, lard,-oyile ezahlukeneyo - zepistasi, zesesame, amangile. AmaGrike amandulo kwakhona wabona apha zeerasintyisi, imidumba. Ukongeza kwimveliso yezityalo ekhula, Armenia yabola izilwanyana: iibhokhwe, iinkomo, iihagu, iinkuku kunye namahashe. Ezi noXenophon wathi inzala abantu abahlala kule ndawo, iye yaphuhliswa ngokwalo kwezoqoqosho. Yobuninzi Iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ngobambana nomnye. Armenia kuphela ukutya kwabo, kodwa bamatasa xa urhwebo namazwe angabamelwane. Kakade ke, malunga ukuba noXenophon akazange athethe nto, kodwa yena ezidweliswe ezinye iimveliso ezikhula kuloo ndawo.

NoStrabo in I. n. e. Imibiko Armenia wamandulo emadlelweni amahle kakhulu yamahashe. Ilizwe ayikho ngaphantsi kwe Media kulo mba kunye namahashe zinikwa qho ngonyaka namaPersi. UStrabo ukhankanya umsebenzi neerhuluneli Armenian, iirhuluneli yolawulo ngexesha lokulawula yamaPersi, isibophelelo ukuhlangula umthendeleko edume Mithras malunga namawaka amabini, namaxhamxwa abaselula.

imfazwe Armenian kumaxesha amandulo

Umbhali-mbali Gerodot (V BC.) Ezichazwa amajoni Armenian ngelo xesha, iingalo zabo. Amajoni ayenxiba namakhaka amancinci, waba nangezikhali ezimfutshane, ninamakrele, kwenkcula. On iintloko zabo - iminqwazi eziethe, ukuba banxibe ngayo neebhutsi ezinde.

Ekoyiswa Armenia Aleksandrom Makedonskim

Ixesha of Aleksandra Makedonskogo redrew kwimephu yonke le Asia Minor lweMeditera. Onke amazwe umbuso omkhulu basePersi yaba yinxalenye lombutho wezopolitiko omtsha phantsi kwegunya kwelaseMakedoni.

Emva kokufa Aleksandra Velikogo urhulumente disintegrates. Empumalanga omusha Minor. Xa kwintsimi olunye uhlanga nanye yahlulelwe kwii ariya ezintathu ezahlukeneyo kweli lizwe elitsha: Armenia Enkulu, ibekwe eArabha Ararat, Sophene - phakathi emEfrati kunye ikhondo esisemantla iTigrisi Njengomncinane Armenia - phakathi emEfrati kunye ikhondo eliphezulu Lycos.

Imbali eArmenia yamandulo, nangona ukuthetha malunga ukuxhomekeka isigxina kwamanye amazwe, Noko ke, ibonisa ukuba sinxulumene kuphela kwimibandela yomgaqo-nkqubo amazwe, nto leyo yaba nefuthe kuyingenelo kuphuhliso lukarhulumente elizayo. Yaba uhlobo kwendlela ye yalilizwe elizimeleyo phakathi kwezi emphaya alandelelanayo.

abalawuli Armenian badla ngokuba Basileus, ie ookumkani. Baqhubeka ulwalamano ngokusesikweni kuphela, ukuthumela embindini irhafu kunye nomkhosi ngexesha lemfazwe. Naziphi na iinzame ukungena kulo isakhiwo lwangaphakathi Armenia akazange athathe okanye amaPersi, okanye lamaGrike kaSeleucus karhulumente. Ukuba indlela yokuqala ukulawula phantse zonke iindawo emajukujukwini, abo bangena yamaGrike ungasoloko utshintsha indlela yangaphakathi yabantu oyisa, ebanyanzela ukuba "imilinganiselo lwentando yesininzi 'kunye nenkqubo okhethekileyo.

Ukuwa karhulumente kaSeleucus, ubunye Armenia

Emva kokoyiswa Asia Rome Armenia afumana ukuzimela okwethutyana. IRoma Ndandingekakulungeli emva kokuba imfazwe amaGrike uqale kwimpumelelo ezintsha yabantu. Oku wathabatha ithuba hlanga kanye emanyeneyo. Kwazanywa ukubuyisela bengatshatanga, nto leyo ebizwa ngokuba "Armenia yamandulo."

Nkosi Great Armenia Artashes wathi yena ukumkani ezimeleyo Artashes I. Wahlanganisa lonke ilizwe, abo babethetha ulwimi olunye, kuquka Little Armenia. indawo yokugqibela Sophene yaba yinxalenye urhulumente omtsha kamva, emva kweminyaka engama-70, umlawuli edume Tigran Enkulu.

Ukwenziwa lokugqibela Armenian

Kukholelwa ukuba phantsi Artashesids ubukhosi entsha kwaye kukho isiganeko nembali enkulu - ukuyilwa uhlanga Armenian nolwimi lwalo kunye nenkcubeko. A nempembelelo enkulu ngazo kufuphi iintlanga aphuhliswe-yamaGrike. Zazinegama zemali zalo ngemibhalo Greek ibonisa nempembelelo enkulu inkcubeko abamelwane zayo norhwebo.

Artashat - elikomkhulu imeko yamandulo Great Armenia

Ngexesha ebukumkanini Artashesids ubukhosi kuvela isixeko yokuqala enkulu. Phakathi kwabo - isixeko Artashat, apho ikomkhulu yokuqala karhulumente omtsha. NgesiGrike oko kwakuthetha "Artaxias ngovuyo '.

Ikomkhulu ezintsha indawo entle geographical ngelo xesha. Yayikumgama kwindlela engundoqo eya kumazibuko kuLwandle Black. Ixesha imbonakalo isixeko ungqamene ukumiselwa isiwe amakhonkco yorhwebo Asia ne- Indiya ne-China. Artashat waqala ukufumana iwonga kwiziko enkulu yorhwebo kunye nezopolitiko. Plutarch kakhulu uyayixabisa indima mzi. Waza wamnika iwonga "Armenian Carthage", nto leyo ithetha ukuba isixeko iguqulelwe kulwimi yanamhlanje, leyo eye lonke elo ngeenxa zonke. Kwi ubuhle kunye akanaso Artashat azi onke amagunya lweMeditera.

Ukuphumelela i-Armenian Kingdom

Imbali Armenian ukususela kumaxesha amandulo iqulethe iimbalasane amandla ombuso. Golden Age emhlabeni ngexesha wokulawula Tigrana Velikogo (iminyaka 95-55.) - umzukulwana ngunozala ubukhosi edume Artashes I. karhulumente yaba likomkhulu Tigranakert. Lo mzi waba kwelinye lamaziko phambili kwinzululwazi, uncwadi kunye nobugcisa zonke World Ancient. Top nomdlali Greek wenza yeqonga lasekuhlaleni, izazinzulu adumileyo kunye mbali iindwendwe rhoqo Tigrana Velikogo. Omnye wabo - Metrodorus sobulumko, ngubani kukho iqela azinikele of an nokwandisa uBukhosi baseRoma.

Armenia yaba yinxalenye yehlabathi yamaGrike. Ulwimi Greek iye eyangena elite yeengcungcu.

Armenia - ingxenye eyodwa inkcubeko lamaGrike

Armenia I e BC. e. - nophuhliso lizwe phambili ehlabathini. Wathabatha zonke ebe kakhulu ehlabathini - inkcubeko, inzululwazi, ubugcisa. Tigran Veliky liphuhlise zemiboniso, izikolo. Armenia iziko lenkcubeko Hellenism nje kuphela kodwa strong ngokwemigaqo kwezoqoqosho ngurhulumente. Ukukhulisa urhwebo, ushishino, bezandla. A isici esasenza urhulumente kukuba akazange athathe inkqubo lobukhoboka wasebenzisa amaGrike namaRoma. Lonke ilizwe waphathwa neyabalimi uluntu, amalungu zakhe free.

Tigran Enkulu esizigubungeleyo intsimi enkulu. Yaba umbuso azigubungela inxalenye enkulu Asia Minor ukusuka lweCaspian ukuya lweMeditera ulwandle. akhonze zayo ukwenza ezininzi sezizwe kwaye ithi esemantla - Tsibanev, Iberia, kumazantsi-mpuma - eParti kunye nezizwe Arabhu.

Kokoyiswa waseRoma, ekupheleni Empire Armenian

Rise of Armenia kungqamane ngokuvela kwelinye ilizwe mpuma kwi kwintsimi USSR - Ponta ikhokelwa ngu Mithridates. Emva iimfazwe elide kunye neRoma Pont kuyalahleka ukuzimela kwabo. Armenia waba nolwalamano oluhle olungileyo kunye Mithridates. Emva kwakhe, washiya omnye omnye neRoma esithe nkqi.

Emva iimfazwe ezinde united bukhosi Armenian kwiminyaka 69-66. BC. e. ukudilika. Ngu Tigran ngamandla wahlala kuphela Armenia Enkulu, kwaye yeyona i "umhlobo kunye sizana" baseRoma. Ngoko ke wabiza onke karhulumente oyiswe. Enyanisweni, eli lizwe iye yaba kwelinye iphondo.

Emva bengena uBukhosi baseRoma iqala kwisigaba antique sokumiswa. Ilizwe yaphela, amazwe eyabelwe karhulumente ngamnye, kunye nabantu basekuhlaleni sihlala ungquzulwano kunye nabanye.

alfabhethi Armenian

Kumaxesha amandulo, Armenia yokusebenzisa ngokusekelwe zemibhalo waseBhabhiloni-Asiriya. Xa abenzi bemilingo ka eArmenia, ngexesha Tigrana Velikogo, eli lizwe aguqulwa ngokupheleleyo ulwimi ZesiGrike ingeniso ishishini. Kwiingqekembe zakudala zamaGrike ukufumana ukubhala.

Oonobumba Armenian wenziwa ngu Mesrop Mashtots zizelwe - ngo-405. Ekuqaleni, izilingo 36 letters: izikhamiso 7 no-29 consonants.

Key imizobo 4 kuba oonobumba Armenian - erkatagir, bolorgir, shhagir kunye notrgir - ukuphuhlisa kuphela kumaXesha Aphakathi.