Le diving Ubunzulu liphezulu lweenqanawa ezintywilayo: iimpawu kunye neemfuno

Inkwili imikhumbi iye iinjongo eziliqela. Bonke bephela, indlela enye okanye omnye, idityaniselwe i ukuhla ukukwazi ukubona lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ngokwandisa umgama phakathi kwayo kunye kwamanzi, kwakunye nezinye izinto. Kakade ke, kwisakhiwo emkhosini-mveliso ngokubanzi kwindawo ethile, iinjongo zazo yahluka rhoqo kakhulu ukusuka iminqweno ngoxolo ndoda zesiqhelo. Noko ke, kweli nqaku siza sijonga ezinye iinkcukacha malunga ubunzulu ukuntywila of ngwenya, kwakunye ubungakanani eli xabiso lohlukile.

A incinane: bathyscaphe

Thina ukuthanda izinto eziphathekayo, Kakade ke, phezu iinqanawa. Nangona ukuhlola abantu izithuba zaselwandle ziquka utyelelo kubo, nkqu-langa, ubunzulu ubuninzi - ezantsi Mariana Trench, nto leyo eyaziwa ukuba ibe ngaphezu kwe-11 km ukusuka kumphezulu kolwandle. Noko ke, emanzini zembali, esenzeka emva ngo-1960, kwenziwe bathyscaphe. Le idivaysi akanaye ukubagcina ngengqiqo ngokupheleleyo, kuba umntu ukuthi xumbu kwayo, koko kuphela avuke ngenxa amaqhinga buchopho zobunjineli. Ngokubanzi, ukusebenza bathyscaphe akukho mbuzo ihamba-moya zilaliswe ngecala na kumgama kakhulu. Ngoko ubunzulu ubhaptizo ngwenya, ezaziwa ukoyisa imigama emide kakhulu ezincinane submersibles irekhodi ubuncinane yonke imihla.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo

Ethetha iirekhodi kuphuhliso isithuba wolwandle, asifanele silibale malunga nkwili injongo lokwenyaniso. ekujoliswe Military kunye warhead, leyo ngokuqhelekileyo uhlala phezu iinqanawa ezo, akubandakanyi nje ukuhamba liphezulu kuyimfuneko kubo. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka babe nobuchule kuzifihla ilungele le idade kwikholam amanzi ngexesha elifanelekileyo yaye ngokukhawuleza watshona imfuneko ukusinda emva ubunzulu usebenze kanzima. Enyanisweni, lo yokugqibela imisela inqanaba nako Balwe yenqanawa. Ngenxa yoko, ubhaptizo ubunzulu iphezulu inkwili yenye iimpawu zayo ibalulekileyo.

ukwandisa izinto

Kukho ingcamango eziliqela kule nkalo. Ukwandisa ubunzulu ngwenya ivumela ukuphucula uphume-moya nkqo, ukususela ubude wenqanawa yokulwa idla eziliqela ubuncinane amashumi yeemitha. Ngoko ke, ukuba kweemitha 50 ngaphantsi kwamanzi, kwaye imilinganiso yalo kabini, iyisa phantsi okanye up igcwele epheleleyo ilahleko yokuzifihla.

Ngaphezu koko, kukho into "umaleko thermal" leyo lunokuyitshintsha ngamandla uphawu sonar kwekholam amanzi. Ukuba uya ngezantsi kubo, ngwenya uba phantse "obungabonakaliyo" ngokuba iinqanawa kumphezulu izixhobo umkhondo. Singasathethi into yokuba kubunzulu elikhulu sixhobo kunzima kakhulu ngakumbi ukutshabalalisa naziphi na isixhobo ziyafumaneka kule planethi.

Okuya uba mkhulu umsantsa ubunzulu ubhaptizo ngwenya, kokukhona kufuneka ikwazi withstanding uxinzelelo engakholelekiyo. Oku, kwakhona, ezandleni elikwaziyo wokhuselo oqhelekileyo enqanaweni. Okokugqibela, ukuba umda ubunzulu likuvumela ukuba balale phantsi kolwandle, oko kwandisa ngwenya lahlukile ukuba nasiphi na isixhobo radar ziyafumaneka kwi Iindlela tracking mihla.

isigama basic

Kukho iimpawu ezimbini eziphambili, ebonisa ekukwazini ngwenya ukuntywila. Lokuqala - ekuthiwa-kubunzulu ukusebenza. Xa imithombo kwamanye amazwe, kubonakala ngathi random nabo. Olu phawu lubonisa indlela nzulu emanzini ngwenya, leyo yaya kuthi xhaxhe inani mda amaxesha ngexesha lonke ixesha yokusebenza. Umzekelo, i-US "Thrasher" ngokuqhelekileyo wenza diving 40 ngonyaka phakathi ixabiso de kube lixesha elilandelayo uzama liwugqithe sel 'itshabalele zonke izandla kwi Atlantic. Eyona ebalulekileyo yesibini - ubunzulu eliqikelelwayo okanye etshabalalisayo (ngemithombo amazwe). Siyafana wukulu apho uxinzelelo hydrostatic idlula amandla lomzimba, ebalwe ngexesha yokuyila ifowuni.

ukuhlola ukujula

Kukho inkalo enye, leyo kufuneka zikhankanyiwe kwimeko. Oku ubunzulu ubhaptizo ngwenya, umyinge ngokutsho izibalo, ukufumana ngezantsi esinokubangela ukutshatyalaliswa ulusu ngokwayo, okanye izakhelo, okanye ezinye izixhobo lwangaphandle. Libizwa ngokuba "test" kwi mithombo kwamanye amazwe. Ayizi phambili kuyo nayiphi na imeko akufuneki obukhulu isixhobo esithile.

Ukubuyela i "Thresher": theoretical = iimitha 300, wahlabela mgama ukuvavanya ubunzulu kweemitha 360. Hi ndlela leyi, ubunzulu ngwenya na ixesha elithile wathumela ngoko nangoko emva kokuqala eUnited States ukusuka kwisityalo kunye, eneneni, "eliqhutywa" phezu kwalo phambi kokuba idluliselwe odola sebe. Sithi ibali ebuhlungu "Thrasher". Iimvavanyo ayi 360 yaphela kabuhlungu ngenxa kuye, nangona wayengekho ngenxa yeengxaki anzongonzongo kakhulu; nobugcisa kunye ngwenya zenyukliya-enikwe, kodwa ke ingozi, kuyabonakala ukuba, ayikho ngengozi.

Ngwenya walahlekelwa isantya ngenxa stop injini, kuhanjwa kuqutshwa ukuvuthela zokulinganisa amatanki baye basilela, kwaye iyunithi waya ezantsi. Ngokutsho kweengcali, ukutshatyalaliswa igobhogobho inkwili kwenzeka kubunzulu malunga 700 eemitha, ukuze, njengoko sele sibonile, phakathi ixabiso uvavanyo kunye nokuphazamisa ngokwenene ukuba kukho umahluko endilisekileyo.

I-avareji Amanani

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, Kakade ke, imilinganiselo ezinzulwini zikhule. Ukuba ngwenya yeHlabathi yeSibini lwabalwa ixabiso leemitha 100-150, isizukulwana esizayo ezi anda imida. 'Umnqwazi ubukho bokusetyenziswa ngokucandeka yenyukliya ukudala Motors ukuntywiliselwa ubunzulu nkwili nawo unyukile. Xa 60s yokuqala sele malunga 300-350 eemitha. lweenqanawa ezintywilayo Modern imingcele malunga neemitha 400-500. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kulo ngaphambili, kukho kokoma ecacileyo kubonakala ngathi imeko yophuhliso elizayo, nangona kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye iprojekthi enkulu wadala eSoviet Union kwi-80s.

irekhodi epheleleyo

Sithetha malunga inkwili "Komsomolets", ngelishwa, sel 'zitshone, kodwa kokwabo kwincopho nangoku elingoyiswayo kuphuhliso mihla nkwili yolwandle. kunjalo Le projekthi eyahlukileyo akukho analogue ehlabathini. Into yokuba ixesha elide kakhulu, abiza kakhulu kwaye kuphazamise ekusingatheni izinto yasetyenziselwa ukwenziwa umzimba wayo - titanium. Le ukuntywiliselwa Ubunzulu liphezulu ngwenya ehlabathini ngoxa bobabo kwi "Komsomolets". Le irekhodi sasimi ngowe-1985, xa ngwenya eSoviet yafikelela 1027 leemitha ngaphantsi kwamanzi olwandle.

Hi ndlela leyi, ixabiso zokusebenza kuba obeziimitha ezili 1,000 kwaye kuqikelelwa - 1250. Ngenxa yoko, "Komsomolets" yazika ngowe-1989 ngenxa yokuba umlilo eyomeleleyo, eyaqala kubunzulu omalunga 300 eemitha. Kwaye nangona yena, ngokuchaseneyo efanayo "Thrasher" edadayo ephethwe, ibali usaqhubeka sehlo. Umlilo yonakele ngwenya ukuze kwangoko lagxila. kwabulawa abantu abaliqela ngomlilo kodwa, yaye malunga nesiqingatha yabelungu antywiliselwe emanzini enomkhenkce de podospevala uncedo.

isiphelo

Ubunzulu of ubhaptizo lweenqanawa ezintywilayo mihla leemitha 400-500, ubuninzi yindlela amaxabiso ngokuqhelekileyo thile ngaphezulu. Bhala kwi mitha 1027, wabeka "Komsomolets", kodwa ayikwazi ukuthenga nayiphi na lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ekhoyo abaxhobileyo onke amazwe. Igama elizayo.