Ngaba uyazi ukuba bangaphi njengeenkwenkwezi zezulu?

Night esibhakabhakeni ... Iinkwenkwezi ... njengomboniso umdla! Bright umlaza ... Ukumema jonga iMilky Way ... Zingaphi iinkwenkwezi zezulu? Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, kukho ubuncinane omnye umntu, ngodlamko nezoyikekayo kunzima ujonge kwi ukukhanya ebusuku, bendingayi zibuze lo mbuzo? Kwaye, mhlawumbi, abanye bade bazama ukuba unokuzibala ...

A incinane

Ngaba uyazi ukuba ngubani kuqala waxelela ihlabathi zingaphi iinkwenkwezi zezulu? kuye kwaba elide kangakanani?

Malunga amabini kunye newaka anesiqingatha eminyaka eyadlulayo, le ngeenkwenkwezi yamandulo Hipparchus lalinoxwebhu inkwenkwezi kwikhathalogu yokuqala. Yintoni eyabangela ukuba sisazinzulu ukuze ingcamango lokubhiyozela iinkwenkwezi? Mhlawumbi, yena ngayazi olubonileyo ukuvela inkwenkwezi entsha, eqaqambileyo kakhulu. Loo isiganeko omkhulu ngeenkwenkwezi ayikwazanga shiya yamanyala. Hipparchus wagqiba ukuba zifake zonke iinkwenkwezi ezibonakalayo ukuze, ukuze ungaphoswa ukuvela iinkwenkwezi ezintsha, ukuba kuyenzeka. Ngenxa yoko, le ngeenkwenkwezi leyo awo iinkwenkwezi 1025. Kuba ngasinye nokulungelelanisa ixabiso yaye sizimisele.

Kakade ke, lo mkhanya waqala nokuqhuba kakhulu ekuqaleni. Xa izazi yamandulo kwakhona ukuba imisebenzi yakhe, kodwa, ngelishwa, seva iinkozo zabo encinane kuphela. Ngoko ke, kwikhathalogu yokuqala iinkwenkwezi ithathwa ukuba ngenxa Hipparchus. Bonke bephela, yahlulwe yaba ziindidi ezintandathu kubo. Isibaluli Ukukhethwa yaba ukugqama. Kwangaxeshanye, ingcamango "yobukhulu". Kakade ke, ixabiso Gipparhova itshintshile, nibe esulungekisiweyo.

malunga magnitudes

Kumaxesha amandulo kwakukholelwa ukuba ukususela imizimba yasezulwini ibekwe kwindawo enye, ngoko ke iyasuswa emhlabeni apha (kuyafana) ibanga elinye. Stars, zibonakala buthuntu yaye ngenkankulu buqapheleke, ixabiso yesithandathu sele yabelwe, kwaye eyona - abantu kuqala. Xa ikhathalogu, oluqulunqwe Hipparchus, indawo yokuqala ibalulekileyo yaba iinkwenkwezi-15 ngomhla wesibini - 45 - owesithathu 208, owesine - 474, ngomhla wesihlanu - 217, ngomhla yesithandathu - 49 (kunye mafu ezimbalwa).

kudlule ixesha. Kwakukho iinkwenkwezi ezintsha kubonakala amava, ulwazi lwasemoyeni. Kungekudala, izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ziye zafumanisa ukuba imitha le iinkwenkwezi obungalinganiyo, yaye baba imigama ezahlukeneyo. Kukho ingcaciso entsha lwamaxabiso zabo: ezibonwayo, photovisual, yokufota, bolometric.

Siye sifunde ndawonye

Mhlawumbi umbuzo malunga nendlela iinkwenkwezi ezininzi esibhakabhakeni, akayi kuyiphendula nkqu ngeenkwenkwezi onegunya kunabo mihla. Kwaye oku kuyaqondakala. It akavumelani kunye zo amandulo abathi uzibale iinkwenkwezi njengoko kunzima ukubiza inani nanjengentlabathi eselunxwemeni eMhlabeni! Kodwa apha sibuyisele kakuhle uqikelelo nje.

Yintoni ekufuneka ukuba babale inani engenakubalwa enjengentlabathi? data kwindawo unxweme (ingafunyanwa kwi-satellite) nezinyuko umndilili ngesanti. Oku kuza kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixa esanti lonke ihlabathi (Vz). Ngoku umlinganiselo iya kuhlala enye ingqolowa zesanti (VP). Wena nibambe? Ngokuba inani elisondeleyo engenakubalwa enjengentlabathi uya kwenza kuphela intshukumo enye - ukwahlula Vz on VP. Kakade ke, eli nani liya kuba 'rough ", kodwa yonke enye ...

Phantsi scheme efanayo, singakwazi kalukhuni ukubona iinkwenkwezi ezininzi kangakanani esibhakabhakeni. Lo mgaqo into efanayo, kunokuba kuphela iilwandle - galaxy. Sikholelwa. Xa Galaxy lwethu malunga 10 ¹² iinkwenkwezi. Nokuba kangakanani ixesha labo kwindalo iphela? Siya kukunika Kumnandi uphendule lo mbuzo, enika uthsuphe wokuba kancinane: iminyele, malunga efanayo - ^{12 Oktobha.}

Ungaphinda-phinda kuphela.

Chaza iinkwenkwezi esibhakabhakeni

Izikhanyiso ezigqamileyo lobuntu waqala ukunika amagama ukuya kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. Le Sirius no Vega, kunye Aldebaran kunye Antares, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Abo iinkwenkwezi kwaso buthathaka kancinane, zibonakaliswe yi unobumba we-alfabhethi isiGrike kunye namanani. Abanye babo baye bengekafumani namanani. Bona ebhalwe nje kwiimephu, elibonisa isiphumo zilungelelanise ebalula isilungiseleli seglosi (ukukhanya).

Le nkwenkwezi ezigqame kwindalo iphela ithathwa eziluhlaza UW AGR. Elundini ebonakalayo ehamba phambili Deneb, le esondele kuthi - Sirius kwi Solar System - Venus.