Khupha zezichazi: ingqiqo jikelele kunye neempawu utshintsho ixabiso kunye nokusetyenziswa

Isiphawulo ngolwimi Russian - ukuba yinxalenye intetho, umsebenzi walo ongundoqo - unyulo iimpawu non-nkqubo (njengoko kuchasiwe umthendeleko, uphawu ebonisa kumba wengxoxo action). Izichazi nga kwahluka ityala kunye nenombolo, kwaye isinye - kananjalo isini, kwakunye ihlelwa ngamaqela ezikhethekileyo lungelelanisa nelulwimi - nokukhutshwa. Ngenxa yoko, izinga izichazi - amaqela amathathu amakhulu uhlanganisa ukuba amagama ezifanayo ngenye intsingiselo indlela leligama into isici. Izichazi ukubayinxalenye ngalunye kwezi ndidi, babe neempawu zabo kunye notshintsho iyasetyenziswa. Makhe sithethe ngale ngokweenkcukacha ngezantsi, kwaye ngezantsi isishwankathelo itafile.

Okuchithwa kweziphawuli

izichazi qualitative ezithile amaxabiso utshintsho kunye nokusetyenziswa

izichazi qualitative - uhlobo lungelelanisa nelulwimi okuhlanganisa amazwi ebonisa umgangatho into, ngamanye uphawu abubonakalalise efanelekileyo ngamaqondo ahlukahlukeneyo, ukuya ithile enoba kukancinane okanye, obunjengenye unodoli ebiza intombi entle artist amahlwempu, weqonga abanetalente. izichazi umgangatho, ngaphandle utshintsho kumatyala, kubeleka kunye amanani, kodwa unako ukwenza iindlela ezimfutshane, yokuthelekisa, kwaye kudityaniswe isihlomelo "kunene". Ezinye amasuntswana kweziphawuli (isalamane kunye bunini) azinazo ezi mpawu.

Imfundo isishwankathelo ifomu

Le fom emfutshane akhiwa epheleleyo kwaye nayo ikhonkco lwesemantiki close: close - ezincinane kakhulu, sincinane, elimxinwa kakhulu; ezintle - entle, entle, entle; yingozi - eziyingozi, ubungozi, yingozi. Kukho inani lweziphawuli abefudula waba nolupheleleyo, kunye nendlela yobuqu ngolwimi Russian, kodwa namhlanje zisetyenziswa kuphela umzekelo emfutshane: noyolo yocingo, kakhulu, ukuba, kunye nabanye.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba, ngokwembali, kodwa ke uhlobo elifutshane isichazi ithathwa ukuba ezingundoqo, original, kwaye xa nisaqala zophuhliso lolwimi lulonke nemilo ezenziwa emfutshane. Namhlanje, ngexesha lokusekwa ifomu emfutshane inokubonakalisa alternation lwezikhamiso okanye ilahleko: eluhlaza - oluhlaza, aluhlaza, eluhlaza; ibukhali - ebukhali, ukusika, ahlaba. Nezichazi ifomu emfutshane ziyahluka ngokwamanani kunye nokuzalwa (ayiveli), kodwa Ungayami. Isiphakamiso, njengoko umthetho, ukuba enze umsebenzi isivisa: i sisidwangube wayemhle kakhulu kuloo ilokhwe.

izidanga zemfundo yokuthelekisa

Zothelekiso kunye namazinga yokuthelekisa - umzekeliso indlela abavakalisa lo phawu kwisifundo ngokucacileyo nangokupheleleyo: uTata okulungileyo - ngcono - the best; Artist onesiphiwo - umhlobo onesiphiwo - abanetalente. Khumbula ukuba ezinye izichazi iyasebenza ungazama ukunciphisa lenza kube ngumqondiso into nje abasisigxina, akakwazi ukushiyana.

Degree yokuthelekisa ukuba abunjwe njenge abangelwa - isimamva (expensive - eninzi ezintle - entle) nangokucazululayo - ngokusebenzisa amagama akhetekileyo:

• Athelekisiweyo - ngaphezulu kune, ngaphantsi kune uhlobo lokuqala isichazi + (ngakumbi inzima, ngaphantsi umdla);
• kakhulu - kakhulu, ubuncinane, eyona ndlela eziziziqalelo isichazi + (ukuba lihle kakhulu, eyona mnandi), okanye yonke, lwesichazi + elula isidanga lothelekiso (uyacula ngcono kunaye nabani na, kuyo uxatyiswa kakhulu expensive).

ILizwi epha inxenye yokuthetha ifomu zokwenziwa yokuthelekisa asiguqukanga ukuba kunjalo, amanani kunye iintlobo kwaye kuhambelana yesibizo, ibonisa ukuba ababameleyo. umsebenzi wabo syntactic kwisivakalisi - kuba yinxalenye eyakhiwa isivisa wesiqhelo (umhlobo Old - abantu ngaphezu ezimbini ezintsha).

Kuba uninzi izichazi ezisemgangathweni ezilula kunye nefomu ezimbaxa kunokuba khona izidanga yokuthelekisa ngaxeshanye, kodwa kukho amagama ngolwimi mihla aluyiyo isidanga lothelekiso ilula: uqhwithela, ekuqaleni, ndithule, kunye nabanye.

Omnye umba apho kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo - oku ukuyilwa izidanga yokuthelekisa evela iziseko ezahlukeneyo, ezifana: okulungileyo - embi ngcono - mbi, amancinci - ezincinane.

Ukususela izichazi obubonakala othelekiso esihle-magama kufuneka yohlulwe kweemvavanyo luluvo, nto leyo ebonisa akukho degree of ukubonakalalisa olu phawu kwimeko ethile, kunye novavanyo sinalento ethetha: ezincinane ukuphatha ubuso entle, ezihamba ngamathupha azo kakhulu. Ngaba zifakwe kweli qela iziphawuli kunye isimamva - Ovate - / - evat -: akukho mazwi amele uvandlakanyo uphawu ayinyani kunye incompleteness kwinjongo obubonakala, ezifana yinkungu ezimhlophe, yombala oluhlaza.

izichazi isihlobo

Xa sithelekisa umgangatho izibizo kunye neziphawuli, kunokwenzeka ukuba aqhube zilandelayo ukufana: izibizo ukubonisa into yokwenene, izinto kunye izichazi isalamane - uphawu ngokubhekiselele kule into, impahla: iinkuni - iinkuni, irayisi - irayisi, ice - ice. Nangona kunjalo, lo ebonisa wabhekisela kweli qela kweziphawuli ukuze alibhekiseli kuphela umbandela, kodwa kwakhona indawo, ixesha, njl, umzekelo: .. Le ngokuhlwa, ubudala, amazwe, zasekhaya, unxweme. Olu phawu lubonakala rhoqo kwaye ingabi zibalulwe ithile enoba kukancinane okanye, izichazi isihlobo ke akakwazi ukwenza yokuthelekisa.

izichazi bunini

Olu didi idibanisa izichazi ukuphendula umbuzo kabani? kwaye Ekumiseleni into ngoweqela umntu okanye into: umhlobo kabawo, ingcuka fang, ngoboya Dedov cap.

Khupha lwezibaluli: ukusetyenziswa kwamagama ngendlela yokomfuziselo

Ukwandisa imizwa yokuthetha, kwezinye iimeko, izichazi of bit elinye ingasetyenziswa kwi intsingiselo yamagama kolunye udidi, umzekelo: zentsimbi isangqa - luvo ngentsimbi, iingoma wolf - amehlo ingcuka, nomxokelelwane wegolide - izandla zegolide. Malunga nalo isichazi ukubhobhoza ndagqiba kuphela kuthathelwa ingqalelo ngokusesikweni iparameters ngokubanzi, kodwa ingqalelo imeko.