Marginals. Intsingiselo yegama elithi. Ngubani na - "abahlala namadlelo" okanye "hybrid yenkcubeko"?

Ngokufuthi uyakwazi ukuva ukuba abantu bakhululekile evela iimbono yesiqhelo yaye uninzi izixhomekeki, obizwa ngokuba "ebekiwe". Meaning abaninzi yahlula, ekubeni phantsi kolu luvo uyakwazi ukufumana abangenamakhaya, abafuduki, bafunwa ezikrelekrele, iliza entsha oligarchs. Ezi labantu ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo, abantu ezahlukeneyo. Yintoni kubenza? Ngubani fanele ku zisingelwe phantsi?

Man "emanzini"

Ngesizathu esithile aba bantu, iyaxela lwentlalo kunye namaqela abo "elwandle", ngokuba ayilifaneli kuluntu lubalaseleyo ukuba ethile imimiselo lwezentlalo nenkcubeko kunye namasiko. Kubonakala ukuba yintshinga ingabalelwa nawuphi na umntu ngokuthanda kwakhe okanye nxamnye ayisebenzisi setups eqhelekileyo okanye ndinga-, musa ubomi njengaye wonke umntu, awuliphalazanga eluntwini. Ukuziqambela, ukungakwazi ukunxibelelana, ndandinqanqatheka esikhethekileyo yedwa kwaye ngoko nangoko wabeka uhlobo oluthile lobuntu emva ngohlangothi imida njengesiqhelo.

Phawula oko ukuthini igama elithi "abekelwe". Ngokutsho ukucaciswa izichazi Encyclopedic, umntu phezu emdeni ezahlukeneyo zentlalo iinkqubo, iinkcubeko, amaqela nangokubona ifuthe imithetho eziphikisanayo, izithethe kunye nemilinganiselo. Ifane nale ngcamango ingqalelo into lumpen, equka abameli "bottom" ekuhlaleni.

Kubonakala, ukuba sele elinye iimpawu ezingundoqo ezifana ngokuphuma, ukungakwazi ukunxibelelana, ndandinqanqatheka esikhethekileyo wedwa, wena sele ukufumana ngokwakho phezu elunxwemeni uhlobo imida eziqhelekileyo, wena sele mncane. Ngubani na - "Ukuhlala imida" okanye "hybrid yenkcubeko"? Indlela ukwahlula abantu "ngaphandle" - phezu umqukumbelo kumanqanaba aphezulu ngokuhla? Kulo mzekelo, jonga kowokuqala abo bashiya iiklasi ezisezantsi uhlala kumanqanaba aphezulu, ngoxa yesibini - abo zathotywa okanye, phezu koko,
wafumana iimpendulo ezanelisayo kuyo yonke imibuzo enkulu ebomini?

"Abo bahlala phezu imida"

Abantu abangahlali njengaye wonke umntu, beshiya imigangatho zezentlalo, kodwa hayi musa ukuya ngaphaya endle yomthetho - marginals. Ithetha oko akuthethi nto ekhubekisayo, kunoko libhekisela lowo aba bakulo wegcuntswana. Kuba okokuqala, lo gama saka kwinkulungwane ekuqaleni XX. Kuye isicelo esikolweni eChicago of isosioloji umphengululi uRobert Park. Kuye kwenziwa omnye izincoko bakhe, othi "imfuduko Human kunye nomntu litheni" nxamnye basemzini e North America, anifumananga isicelo kwilizwe elitsha ethe ayamkelwa imithetho emitsha kuqhubeka ukuba babambelele kwizithethe zabo.

Zonke shades nenjongo

Le prehistory ye ukuvela lo gama kuthathelwa ingqalelo umba "isiqalelo eliphakathi" ezisetyenziswa kwizifundo yobomi amaqela ovela kumbutho zasezidolophini zentlalo. Bachaza imeko abantu, kumda ekvilibriruyuschih neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye neziphumo nkalongoko yabo kuluntu elitsha. Ezi amazwe kuqala, yaye christened igama efana abagxothiweyo. intsingiselo ekugqibeleni bafumana shades ezintsha. vagueness abe yinqobo kuye negalelo abathile ukudideka ekuqondeni intsingiselo kota. Ngoko ke abantu baqala ukubiza le kuluntu njengesiqhelo, abantu kunye yamanyala lobulwelwe emzimbeni okanye engqondweni.

Ntoni igama elithi "abekelwe esele" Ozhegova kwizichazi Brockhaus kunye Efron, i TSB? Kwezinye imithombo uyakwazi ukufumana enye ingcambu etymology igama elithi "marginalia" - amanqaku okanye headers ezenziwe kwi endle phephancwadi, incwadi okanye enye imveliso eshicilelweyo. Kamva, kwi "Soviet Encyclopedia" livela igama elithi "abekelwe", into ethetha kwinqanaba eliphakathi yomntu kuluntu ethile.

Xa ukubizwa kwamagama kwale mihla Russian, iyaxela lwentlalo kunye namaqela ukuba kwi "ecaleni" ngaphaya ezithile ethile amasebe yoluntu, izithethe, obizwa ngokuba mncane. intsingiselo kunokuba engacacanga, kodwa kutshanje kakhulu nendlela.

"Non-systemic"

Ingcamango igama elithi "abekelwe" for a non-ezigwebayo. Le ukwakweli umda phakathi "ezilungileyo" "nokubi." Ngapha koko, yintoni namhlanje kubonwa ngaphaya umda kwenkqubo, ngomso angangena kakuhle kuwo, kwaye awukwazi ukungena, sihlale "ngaphandle" lobume lwentlalo.

marginalism Positive nezimbi

Igama elithi "litheni" uyakwazi zihlalutywe ngeendlela ezimbini: akhabayo kunye navumelanayo. Ngapha koko, ixabiso semvelo zomntu "non-systemic" akufuneki kumelana bonke bahlala kunye umFilisti. Basenokuba gqibezela kakuhle kakhulu.

Naluphi asoloko zithathwa ngokuba "igeza." inkanuko kakhulu umculo umntu weklasiki phakathi koosomashishini iyenza phakathi koogxa ezingaqhelekanga ezizodwa, kuba akuvamanga kuluhlu phakathi amaxabiso yobugcisa ophezulu. Xa inkampani yakhe, nguye wegcuntswana. Ke aba bantu abaziva ngathi abasemzini kwindawo yabo, kwimbali lukhulu. Le A. D. Saharov, A. I. Solzhenitsyn, A. Einstein, uThomas Mann kunye nabanye abantu abaninzi abadumileyo. zange Uninzi izimvo zabo kakuhle kwaye kwamkelwa bexesha lakhe, kodwa kakhulu kwixesha elizayo. uluhlu Amagama akunakwenzeka, kodwa ukohluka aba bantu basoloko kudala iimeko azivumi ukuba ukuvela kukho iimeko engacwangciswanga, original kunye nakwabasemagunyeni.

Kwaye kukho eziseludinini, leyo ngumqobo ukuphuhliswa ngakumbi. Ngenxa amakhono abo ephantsi yengqondo, abakwazi ukumelana neemeko eqhelekileyo, kulula ukuba ukukhanyela izithethe ezisekiweyo ukhokele indlela lukhona.

Ukuqonda lo mkhuba marginality uya uzama ukuchazwa-sikhokelo sengqondo esibi. Kwaye philosophize uze uzame ukufumana umgca phakathi kubonakaliswa engaqhelekanga ubuntu engeyeyakuni kunye imbono eliqhelekileyo elithi "abekelwe", nto leyo kunzima kakhulu.