Iflakisi Kukushkin: isakhiwo nokukotshwa

iflakisi Kukushkin - yesityalo kummandla we-Russian Federation kuqhelekile kakhulu amahlathi bands esemantla ophakathi. imimiselo efanelekileyo oko kwenzeka emahlathini kumgxobhozo-dolgomoshnikah boreal, imigxobhozo kunye amadlelo ezimanzi. Isityalo bobabo sodidi lwe moss, ukuya kwiSebe bryophytes. On the planet ifunyanwa abangaphezu kwekhulu kwiintlobo yayo. Kukushkin neflakisi, enza Turf pincushion, afunyanwa rhoqo kwi eyetundra ezintabeni. Zezona lwimi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumazwe ico ibe politrihum zesiqhelo (lesibini igama lesityalo).

ukubaluleka oMkhulu ilanga

iflakisi Kukushkin othanda kakhulu ukukhanya. Kungenxa yoko le nto emahlathini nespruce emnyama, nokuba umhlaba ufumile linonophele apho, iya kuphela ekukhuleni kunye nophuhliso. Xa isityalo bulukwe ngokukhawuleza isixa ezaneleyo kwelanga, ngokubonakalayo badlulela kwiindawo ezintsha nokuvala kwikhaphethi oxineneyo zomhlaba. Umhlaba phantsi Kukushkin iflakisi yomile ngokucothayo, nto ke leyo ebangele ukwanda wayo ngcembe kukhokelela kwimimandla zokuxinana kwamanzi.

incazelo

Moss Kukushkin iflakisi unalo kunokuba ende akubangelwa (ngokobude - 10-15 cm, kodwa kukwakho sorokasantimetrovye zityalo). Inkqubo conductive inika ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi kunye izondlo sesiqu.

Imvelaphi yegama

isityalo ochazwe iye ngqo iziqu umbala sinombala. Bona amagqabi ezincinane eziluhlaza emnyama ngebala, zazo neflakisi efinyeziweyo. Kodwa ukunixabanisa kuvela izityalo ababhinqileyo, achukumisa ukunxibelelanisa nengabangaba, imi phezu uhlobo ipali.

Isakhiwo Kukushkin neflakisi

Ithatyathwa isityalo bobabo ukuya kwiminyaka emininzi ubulembu ibithuthwa. imilinganiso yalo zinkulu, xa inxalenye esezantsi stem ezi rhizoids - abangekaphuhli analogue ingcambu. Eziziiprayimari amagqabi Isiqu othe tye akukho. Isiqu Secondary kungaba lula okanye branched. Nguye agxumeke, ubude eliphakathi - kwisithuba ngokweesentimitha elinesihlanu. Iphepha ngalinye apho iphuma khona enkulu eziphambili. Kukushkin neflakisi, nto leyo isakhiwo elula ngokwaneleyo, uye amagqabi asezantsi isikali-like.

umsebenzi stem

Eyona Indima le nxalenye ye kwisityalo - ukuzala. Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba nako eqhuba esiqwini. Kusebenza oqhagamshelwano phakathi amagqabi kunye nenkqubo ingcambu. Stem wenza eminye imisebenzi eziziisekondari. Phakathi kwabo - ukugcinwa kwezondlo reserve.

Veliswa nophuhliso

Isityalo kuthe kwaqhenqetha kakhulu ndlela zilandelayo: ngesondo (gametes) kunye asexually (imbewu, ikhaba). They alternate.

Njengoko Akwandise Kukushkin neflakisi izityalo? Imbewu enza lwezityalo ama (ibhokisi) kumlenze. Emva nokwanda kokuba athululwe kule kwivenkile yendalo. Xa iimeko zivuma, uhlobo spores ngomsonto multicellular, kwaye ukusuka kulowo, neliya, livela into gametophytes (oku kwenzeka ngokuthi yavelisa amagqabi). Gametophyte ingqalelo iminyaka eluhlaza Escape unamagqabi kunye rhizoids (Ukwakheka kornepodobnye). Waxhuzula lokugqibela yetyuwa lomhlaba kunye iodine. Iiseli leaf zinika Yindibanisela zonke ezinye izinto eziyimfuneko. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, oko Kungaphikiswa ukuba gametophyte ezimeleyo.

Emva kwethutyana gametophyte eyeka ukukhula kwabo. Ke iqala Kukushkin neflakisi lokuzala. Kumbindi nerozi igqabi (indawo - encotsheni stem) ukuphuhlisa oyindoda kunye esini ababhinqileyo. Okokuqala thaca antheridia (igama livela lesiGrike elithi "Anteros", gama elo elithetha "eqhubela"), nto leyo ke umjikelo yophuhliso ihamba gametes - sperm kunye archegonium - esini njengebhinqa banoxanduva ukuze kwakhiwe a gametes esisigxina olibhinqa - iqanda.

Izityalo Male luphawulwa ubukho amagqabi enkulu, zipeyintwe umbala otyheli-mdaka. iisampulu ababhinqileyo amagqabi nayo.

Emva kokuvela ilixesha lemvula okanye spermatozoa umkhukula (iiseli oyindoda) bayakwazi ukudada ukuba iqanda. Ngenxa yoko, coalesce. Emva kokugqitywa inkqubo ifakwe le elilodwa livela (ilizwi livela kwisiGrike "zigotos", bona bubonakala "enxulumene"). Eli nqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso mbungu. Kunyaka olandelayo, ukusuka elilodwa ayaqhama ibhokisi yophuhliso (sporogonia), ibekwe kwi ngeranti kwizele elide ngaphandle amagqabi. ibhokisi kamva uba indawo yengxabano. It is a yokugcina yendalo ulula kakhulu. Lize wakhuph kuloo mpepho. Emva kokuba ukubola cap kunye nokulahleka ibihlungu ekuntshuleni eluhlaza wazibona ngomsonto olunzulu - predrostka. Qaphela ukuba ngenxa yoko yimpumelelo kuyimfuneko ukuba imbewu ziye wangena indawo evumayo kubo, kulo mzekelo, kuyenzeka yokuzala Kukushkin yeflakisi.

On predrostke kwakhiwa Amaqhina awo, apho kukho iisampulu inkunzi nemazi kwezityalo. Ngenxa yoko, siyabona ukuba umjikelo wobomi ubulembu iquka zoludwe kwizizukulwana maqanda kunye ngokwesini. Ngexesha nasekusungulweni kwale msebenzi kukukhulisa izityalo ezininzi, kuquka iflakisi Kukushkin.

Veliswa yale uhlobo moss ngokukha yenza kube lula ukufumana ikhaphethi elingqingqwa eluhlaza sebali. Wena nje ubeke intwana encinane moss kwi ariya esifumileyo. Noko ke, umntu kufuneka athathe ingqalelo isakhono izityalo zokuxinana kwamanzi kwindawo ezihlala kuzo.

Ukusebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeenjongo

Xa ususa i amagqabi kufuneka Kukushkin neflakisi, ungafumana zixhobo bhetyebhetye ngqongqo akhiwa central neziqu. Oobawo wasebenzisa izinto zendalo ukwenzela ukwenziwa iibhrashi kunye eyenziwe ngesandla. Emva kokuba sifakwe kunye besonwaya zinti waba isiseko esihle ngenxa amakhuko, iikhaphethi, iingobozi, amalengalenga blackout. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba xa kumbiwa Early Roman Fort eNgilani egqithiseleyo iingobozi edalwe Kukushkin iflakisi kufunyanwa khona. Products yomhla we-86 ngonyaka AD.

Ngaphambili Kukushkin iflakisi lisetyenziswa ekwenziweni amajoni njengeebhatyi kunye nabahambi. Izambatho ngenxa zizakubalulwa ngamandla ethile. Ukongezelela, baba ixabiso zokuhombisa.

Yamaxhwele bacetyiswa ukuba basebenzise olu hlobo moss ukuba ukuvuselelwa inkqubo yokwetyisa, kuphelisa amahlaba esiswini ucombulule amatye wezintso kwaye nenyongo lwesinye.

Yabhuqwa iflakisi Kukushkin, isakhiwo apho enokusetyenziswa horticulture ngeenjongo zokuhombisa, vuyelo lebyinene eka emhlabeni. Ngoko ke, esi sityalo kungakhokelela indices kwezinga ubumuncu nomhlaba ezona onyaka ezimbini. Emva koko, lo ukulungiswa yemihlaba kunokuba ngempumelelo ukukhula naziphi izityalo egadini. iindawo Abafileyo moss bakhonza nje isichumiso obalaseleyo.

Eyona engaqhelekanga Isicelo Kukushkin iflakisi ngobuwena - njengoko ukuveliswa lwemithombo yewiski.

ukwahlukanisa yemvelo

Kukushkin yeflakisi nga ngempumelelo ukukhusela isakhiwo nxamnye kwii ngengqele nokufuma. kakhulu into yokuba moss akuthethi ibole. Uyibeka phakathi log iinkuni ivumela umoya yendalo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, esi moss isetyenziswa ngendlela entsha. Ngaphambi ekwambathiseni zendalo kufuneka ngocoselelo icocwe ngamasetyana, izinti, iikhowuni, ingca kunye nezinye inclusions.

sphagnum moss

Le isityalo fanele kwi (umgquba) ubulembu kuzenza emhlophe. Olwabiweyo 320 yohlobo yayo. Sphagnum moss Bog kakhulu limelwe ukuba ifom amaqela ashinyeneyo, wakha phantsi kwentloko ezinkulu okanye zincede zamafu xa amadobo sphagnum. Kodwa emahlathini kufumile kakhulu sphagnum azixhaphakanga. iflakisi Kukushkin sisityalo ukhumbuza nkqo stem yakhe, afikelele cm ezilishumi ukuya amabini ukuphakama. Ihamba sphagnum unilamellar, zibekwe kwi amasebe bunchy ibekwe. Amagqabi ibe amanzi amaninzi-lokuthwala iiseli kunye pores, ngenkuthalo afunxa amanzi. Oku kwenza umthamo wamanzi nangakumbi kwisityalo. Kwiindawo apho kukho khona ubulembu, asakhasayo amadobo ngokukhawuleza.

Nyaka ngamnye kukho i Ukubuna ye kwezikhondo emazantsi esityalo. Bakha nja-. ukukhula vetshe amasebe Isiqu apical.

Qaphela ukuba sphagnum zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kusekwe kwaye ubukho nezimbuku. Njengoko kuboniswe ngasentla, iindawo abafileyo kwakhiwa iidipozithi afanayo moss. Nja- Ukwakheka kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba amanzi elingakhuliyo, moss zokubonelela ngeyona ndawo isingqongileyo acid kunye yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini. Phantsi kwezi meko, iinkqubo ukubola musa akwenzeki, sphagnum akuthethi ukubola. Nja- yimveliso exabisekileyo, kuzo amafutha, ammonia, iparafini, utywala, t. D. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi yezonyango ekwakhiweni. Moss uba biofuels kunye nesichumiso olusebenzayo.

sphagnum njani luncedo?

recipes abaninzi iintsomi kunye namayeza esemthethweni ziquka eli candelo. Kwaye sonke ngoba sphagnum moss - enkulu kubola kunye ethembekileyo lokunxibela. Kuyanceda ukuba apholise amanxeba iyabhiqiza ngenxa ukukwazi layo ukufunxa oluninzi ukufuma. Ngokutsho kwesi salathisi sphagnum ukugqitha iintlobo best bomqhaphu izifunxi. Le moss uyakwazi ukuvelisa isiphumo bactericidal ngenxa sfagnola ubukho - fenolopodobnogo izinto ezikhethekileyo zinqanda umsebenzi ukukhula kunye nobomi Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella kunye namanye amagciwane izifo.

Abalimi ngenkuthalo usebenzisa sphagnum ngenjongo houseplants ekhulayo. Eli licandelo le zeendawana, mulching Ulwaleko ezisebenza umsebenzi yamanzi. Moss ayikho zizityebi izondlo, kodwa kunika looseness emhlabeni efunekayo. Sphagnum Excellent hygroscopic ngenxa ukukwazi layo ukuba asasaze ukufuma ngokulinganayo. Le sfagnola Ubukho ebangela iimpawu bactericidal yale uhlobo moss enokuthi ngempumelelo ukuthatha unonophelo iingcambu zesityalo engundoqo, nokuthintela uphuhliso sifo kunye ukubola.