Msebenzi War lwesithathu

War wesithathu msebenzi kwenzeka eItali ngo 73-71 BC Imvukelo amakhoboka kwaqala eCapua itulo gladiator yesikolo Batiatus. Malunga 70 iyelenqe eyayikhokelwa nguSpartacus babalekela Nyusa ntshava. Ivuthwe apho, amakhoboka azimelayo baqalisa egqogqa namanene abatyebileyo Campania. Kwecala ngokukhawuleza kwakhona amakhoboka ungobalekayo kungekudala kwakukho malunga-10 amawaka abantu. Kubo amawaka amathathu, uze ishumi lamawaka amajoni zamaRoma boyiswa bavukeli.

Ukusuka Campania kuvukela zanwenwa ukuya kwimimandla ekumzantsi - Lucania, Apulia kunye ezimbi. USpartacus pi eli xesha sele ehlelwe, iye yamiselwa uqeqesho zomkhosi, babe ngamakhoboka kwabonakala izixhobo yayibanjwe ngamaRoma. Ukongeza, imveliso iingalo yi amakhoboka yasekwa enkampini. umkhosi uSpartacus ka-angumfuziselo baseRoma. Msebenzi War lweSithathu elingafaniyo namanye onke kusohlwaywa amakhoboka esasiseSisili ngenxa yokuba inkokeli iye azibhengezwanga yena ukumkani, edlula ukusonjululwa zonke iimeko icebiso yomkhosi ngqwayi namajoni ebandleni.

Ngowe-72 kwabaneenkani waseRoma Yeengwevu 2 umkhosi ithunyelwe phantsi consuls Lentulus kunye Gellius, nto leyo kwakuthetha rastsenivanie eRoma njengoko imeko kakhulu yingozi. Omnye umkhosi unako ukutshabalalisa eyahlukileyo ukusuka engundoqo umkhosi 30000th looding amakhoboka, eyayikhokelwa Crixus. Kodwa icebo uSpartacus nokusingqongileyo imikhosi yaseRoma akazange ukuphatha ku tiva. Spartak wakwazi lokuqhawula umkhosi wamaRoma angoyiswa nganye nganye. War wesithathu msebenzi waba phantsi ngamandla alo omkhulu.

Abo bavukeli waya kunxweme lwase wayo yonke Italy. Ukuba kufikelelwa kwiphondo Cisalpine eGaul ababanga kwidabi Muchine ayichithe nabaphumi-ibamba Cassius. Ngokuqinisekileyo, Spartak wafuna ukuba ubukelwe nomkhosi wakhe ngaphandle Italy. Kodwa emva kokuba uloyiso won phezu Cassius, yena ngesiquphe wajika umkhosi wakhe umva ukuya ngasemzantsi, waza waya ecaleni unxweme lwase.

Ngelo xesha, iNdlu Yeengwevu wazuza kwamabutho ezintsha 6 ezidityanisiweyo ngala lokusinda amajoni ezimela. Lo mkhosi waseRoma ngeli xesha yayiquka ngabantu ezimalunga nama-40 amawaka. Wamiselwa ingqwayi-slaveholder isityebi Litsiniy Krass, owaba nako ukubuyisela uqeqesho imikhosi yakhe, waqala ke xanisiwa ka amakhoboka, wakhokela Spartak. Le mvukelo ngexesha elithile iye yaluphumelela nqanaba ezizolileyo.

Spartak sazama ukubazi esasiseSisili, ukuthethana kunye Pirates izithuthi zazo. Wakwazi ukufikelela Strait of Messina, kodwa ukubalwa kubaphangi ayiphumelelanga: kwiinqanawa anamkelanga. Crassus wakwazi ukuba kunqumle umkhosi Spartak kule twa komhlaba, ikhefu elwandle ukuya emhadini elwandle, kuqinisa kwaye yahlulwa ngale ndlela evela lonke Italy.

Ukuba atyhudise iinqaba, Spartakovskaya umkhosi kwafuneka ukuba namandla kakhulu iinzame ilahlekelwe 2/3 lamalungu ayo. USpartacus Rise baba ngeli xesha enye manqanaba zinzima. Noko ke, abo bavukeli bakwazi ngokukhawuleza niwuzalise umkhosi wayo, ibuyele ukuya ku-70 amawaka. Spartak waya Brundisium, uceba ukuya eGrisi. Ukuphendula, iNdlu Yeengwevu wathumela kubakhawulela, umkhosi kwiSipanish UPompey Gnaeus kunye kwecala eThrace phantsi Lucullus brand. Ekumda Lucania kunye Apulia yaba kwidabi nomkhosi labavukeli ka Crassus. Ekulweni wabulala phantse amawaka 60 amakhoboka, omnye lowo ngokwakhe nguSpartacus. Amaxhoba (malunga 6000) kwabethelelwa ecaleni kwendlela eCapua neRoma. amaqela saa zamakhoboka baqhubeka nedabi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo Italy iminyaka embalwa emva kokuba kwezithandani le mvukelo.

Imvukelo uSpartacus, ogama imbali yenye onomtsalane phakathi neemvukelo lidala, kwathiwa, Noko ke, wena unyashiweyo ukusilela, kuba ngeli xesha nkqubo ngamakhoboka onamava ngexesha layo, ukuya kokuyekiswa kobukhoboka zange abe ezona zinto zifuneka kuqala. La makhoboka ohlulwa aba kwiiklasi (lwasemaphandleni, olwasezidolophini, zizifundiswa), kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka izinto ezahlukeneyo ezithintela ukuba ukuphuhlisa inkqubo eqhelekileyo. Noko ke, le mvukelo yayibaluleke kakhulu kwimbali uBukhosi baseRoma: liye olukhawulezisiweyo ukuvela ubukhosi enamandla esembindini kumntu wonke, ngenxa yokuba abanini khoboka waqonda indlela kufuneka urhulumente olomeleleyo ukuthintela noqhankqalazo ezinjalo.