The Jewish Ukuzilawula Region. Capital, ikhadi, photo

NgoMeyi 7, 1934 nasiSigqibo Central Executive Committee, okwadala izimele yamaYuda. isimo sakhe wanikwa kummandla Birobidzhan.

Indaba

indawo Priamurja ukususela kumaxesha amandulo kwakuhlala izizwe ezizimeleyo kufuneka amanani amancinane. Zizo ezo Tungus, Daur kunye duchers. abantu Russian baqala ukuba ujonge la mazwe de kwinkulungwane ye-17. Umfutho oku iphulo Vasiliya Poyarkova, esenzeka ngoJuni 1644, impembelelo Russian kummandla Amur ngesamente Erofey Khabarov. Emva amaphulo akhe, la mazwe baye ngokuthe ajoyine urhulumente Russian.

Emva kokuba revolution ka-1917 urhulumente omtsha wagqiba ukutsala abantu abangamaJuda umsebenzi onemveliso baza baqalisa ukukhangela le indawo ohlala yakhe. Iinkokeli Soviet wayewacingele icebo ngawo le izimele yamaYuda kwafuneka ukuba kwenziwa. Esi sigqibo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kudlale yezopolitiko. Ukudalwa loo izimele ibe ukuphucula ubudlelwane ne-West, ngelo xesha abazange baqaphele isimo abaselula. Ukongeza, ukuphuhliswa Far East waseUSSR ukuba kuyimfuneko, nto leyo kakhulu loyikiswa yaseJapan.

Isigqibo kwi kokuhlaliswa amaYuda kuMmandla Amur umhlaba ongenanto wasiwa 28/03/1928 siz Elawulayo. 20.08.1930 of igunya efanayo eSoviet wakhupha isigqibo malunga nokusekwa sesithili Birobidzhan, eyinxenye ye kummandla Far Eastern. Iziko le yunithi yolawulo yaba isikhululo Tikhonkaya. Ngowe-1931 kwathiwa igama e Birobidzhan zokuhlala. Thile emva, imeko wesithili litshintshiwe. On ummandla wayo yamaYuda Ukuzilawula Region yasekwa. Ezisemthethweni; fixed eso sigqibo Meyi 7, 1934 Usombululo i-Central Executive Committee USSR.

geography

I Region Ukuzilawula Jewish ise emazantsi kwi Russian imimandla Far Eastern. Inxalenye yawo wasentshona ke kufuphi kwiNgingqi Amur, yaye empuma - kunye iyavuma Territory. Umda ongezantsi kummandla yamaYuda elizimeleyo ingqamana umda karhulumente ka-Russia. Isebenza ecaleni Amur River, ngaphezu ngawo ilizwe of China.

Inkululeko yamaYuda kommandla 36.3 ophosa square. Kwi 01.01.2015, phezu ummandla yabemi balo amawaka 168. Abahlali. Birobidzhan mzi waba kwiziko lengingqi yesithili.

eKanana

Ukuzimela elitsha elisekiweyo uya kuba nento yokuba ukuvuselela ummandla kakumkani yabantu yamaYuda. Ukuvela kwisithili kukhokelele ubulunga zokuthontelana wabavela evela kwamanye amazwe. yakhe yokuhlala isigxina kwiMpuma Ekude bakhetha abantu malunga amakhulu asixhenxe ezivela Lithuania kunye Argentina, Latvia, France, Belgium, eJamani, ePoland, Palestine nase-United States.

Konke oku kubonisa ukuba isigqibo urhulumente waseSoviet kaThixo kwabangela impendulo eliphilileyo ekuhlaleni yamaYuda. Oku akothusi. Abantu ukuzeka kade umsindo nemihlali eyabelwe njengentsimi yayo kunye nokuphila kuyo mkhaya sokumiswa.

indawo

City Birobidzhan ukuze igama sonorous evela amagama imilambo basekuhlaleni ababini elibaleka ekufutshane - Bira kunye Bijan. Ngomhla elunxwemeni kweyokuqala, yaphakanyiswa kwiziko le izimele elalisandul 'ukusekwa. Birobidzhan kwimephu inokufumaneka kwimpuma Bijan River. Isebenza parallel Bireh kwaye ibekwe kwiikhilomitha ezilikhulu ukusuka esixekweni. Kuthiwa le milambo ezimbini ingena Amur yamandla.

Birobidzhan kwimephu ye Russia yenye kwizitishi ze-Trans-Siberian Railway. Lubonakala yi kufuphi nomda China (yonke 75 km).

Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo EAO capital

Main Street Birobidzhan ogama emva Sholom Aleichem. Ngomhla kwintsimi park oko lesikhumbuzo ukuba umbhali odumileyo yamaYuda. Le ubhedu nani dvuhmetrovaya luxolo Aleikhem (Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich) ibekwe kwi kwisiseko yamatye. Ayivathise lesikhumbuzo ngobhedu BAS-imikrolo, nto leyo ebonisa izicaphulo umbhali uchaze ubomi babantu yamaYuda.

Akasekude na elaa litye lithe i-Regional Museum, ogama imiboniso ezi taka. Xa kumasango eli ziko nga Ukuncoma imizobo abaculi wanamhla, ebhalwe isihloko zeTestamente eNdala. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le ngqokelela iqulathe malunga namakhulu amabini amaqhosha izimbo ezahlukeneyo, ababhali abaculi imimandla eliqela eRashiya.

Ikomkhulu yamaYuda Ukuzilawula District inika abatyeleli kunye nabahlali baloo mzi lokonwabela umsebenzi weqela ezinobuchule kuluntu lommandla Philharmonic. Kweli ziko zobugcisa nenkcubeko wamaYuda Ukuzilawula Region laphumeza iprojekthi umdla kakhulu ngqangi Ziqulethe amagcisa mathandathu ntlobo ezahlukeneyo.

isakhiwo Philharmonic Construction sagqitywa ngowe-1984 kwaye iholo namhlanje enkulu kumboniso kunye utyelelo uyakholiswa nababukeli anamakhulu asixhenxe. iimeko ukonwabele ukusebenza zenzelwa amaqela creative. Mna uzilungiselela kunye ofisi isithuba, amagumbi yokuxhela, isandi mihla, ukukhanya kunye nenkqubo projektha yevidiyo sakhiwo.

Le mikhosi Philharmonic zengingqi yeenkcubeko zamaYuda Slavic. Yiza apha ukubona soloists abaziwayo Russian angaphandle kunye namaqela yobungcali.

Enye ezinika yenkcubeko Birobidzhan nguye Museum yoMmandla. Kuyenzeka ukuba baziqhelanise kunye nembali lokuzimela yamaYuda, owayebonakele kwiminyaka embalwa ngaphambi kokuba urhulumente kaSirayeli. Xa kwiiholo lo mboniso ezi izinto kunye namaxwebhu ezibonisa imbali ukuvela kunye nophuhliso umzi. Kwakhona waqokelela ubungqina beziphumo eziyimpumelelo kwezenkcubeko nakwezoqoqosho, obakhe District. Le myuziyam ibekwe kufuphi kwindlu yesikhungu uLenin Street.

Iindwendwe ukuhlola Birobidzhan kunye nebandla ilitye lokuqala, wakha kuloo mmandla. It Cathedral Annunciation, eyagqitywa ngo-2004 ekwakhiweni

arhente bume Awesome sibe nebhongo yamaYuda Ukuzilawula Region. Birobidzhan inika abatyeleli kunye nabahlali isixeko behambela Arboretum. Kwi indawo enkulu eehektare 19 kulinywa ukuqokelelwa ekhethekileyo kwezityalo. Lo msebenzi omkhulu owenziwayo ukuze ukutyebisa izibonelelo isityalo kule ngingqi, ngokunjalo nemisebenzi yezoqoqosho, ezemfundo, ezemfundo kunye yezenzululwazi. Le paki uyazingca le izimele yamaYuda. imephu ndawo ibonisa ukuba kukho ummandla ngamahlathi coniferous-avuthulukayo ezahlukeneyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ezininzi zemithi eziyinzalelwane Arboretum. Kukwakho ke kwetyholo. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, nyaka ngamnye epakini wenza ukugaleleka izithole yomsedare, imipayini kunye nespruce.

Ukuze iindwendwe kule ndawo ikhethekileyo excursions, ngexesha apho ungabona inani elikhulu iintlobo zemithi. ezityhutyhayo indlela Special ilele phezu kwentaba, nelinika iimbono okumangalisayo nasentshonalanga Uldury, Bastak, linguShuwa-pokto. Ngapha kwemida nepaki amachibi ezincinane. abemi yabo ezingenamqolo ezincinane, amasele kunye Far East Siberian intulo.

Xa uluhlu Birobidzhan ezinika nazo:

- Lenin isikhumbuzo phambi isakhiwo ibekwe apho uRhulumente wePhondo;
- tshe esibekwe kwisango kuwo umzi, apho kukho iimpawu zombini e Yiddish Russian kunye;
- isikhumbuzo imbeko oovulindlela yokuqala yamaYuda kwi yembutho ephambi kwesikhululo;

- yimithombo kunye menorah yamaYuda;
- isikhumbuzo nge emlilweni ongunaphakade kwinkumbulo yabo abahlali wafa ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic;
- Orthodox Chapel olawulayo Icon ye nguMama kaThixo, wakha kuloo epaki Ukoyisa;
- EC-3 Itanki, oluzakunyuswa njenge ilitye lesikhumbuzo ngo-2005;.
- esinagogeni;
- Umfanekiso violin lwamaYuda tshe kunye uthi kwi Philharmonic;
- Church of Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, eyenziwe ngomthi ngo-1998-99.

izowuni yexesha

Ngenxa yokuba kwiMpuma Ekude, kude kakhulu ukusuka elikomkhulu eRussia ummandla yamaYuda ezimeleyo, ngoxa ishenxiselwe ngokuphathelele eMoscow kwi-7 kusasa. Eli izowuni yexesha elikwizinga lamazwe ngamazwe ekubhekiselwe ngokuba VLAT / VLAST (Vladivostok Time Zone). Ngokunxulumene ne-Greenwich koko yinto kutshintshwe iiyure ezili-11.

sezulu

I Region Ukuzilawula Jewish ibekwe kwindawo eyayilawulwa owomileyo kwaye ebandayo yasebusika, kwakunye ehlotyeni emanzi kunye nobushushu. It is a ummandla ommandla zemvula sezulu. Xa iimeko zayo zendalo EAO yenye kwiindawo ezininzi ezifanelekileyo Far East. Amanqaku nemozulu ukudala iimeko ezigqwesileyo apha kuphuhliso kwezityalo esintu kunye amahlathi kunye nezityalo zezolimo.

sezulu kakhulu intsimi osemantla kwisithili yahlukile. Nazi ke ezinye iinkalo permafrost. Emzantsi, iimeko zendalo izinto zihamba kakuhle kakhulu ebomini.

Iqondo avareji kwindawo ngoJanuwari EAO isusela-21 ukuya kwi-26 degrees Celsius. NgoJulayi, umoya ndinobushushu degrees 18-21. Avareji yenani outliers kwi imvula ngonyaka isusela ukusuka 500 ukuya 800 mm.

isiko

Ukuzilawula Jewish Region (Far District Federal Eastern) iye twist engaqhelekanga. Lo ngummandla ndawo zichume kummandla Amur yi ngumhlaba otyebileyo ukulungiselela uphuhliso lobugcisa nenkcubeko. Yeyona indala yamaYuda Ukuzilawula Region kwi Far East studio zoncwadi. Ngenxa yemigudu amalungu ayo kwapapashwa anthologies ezifana 'Birobidzhan "yaye" inqaba ".

Phakathi iziganeko ezibalulekileyo yenkcubeko kummandla - indalo likaRhulumente Jewish Theatre. Ngo-1970, kwavulwa Birobidzhan yamaYuda Chamber Musical Theatre. Kungekudala emva koko, ukusebenza kwakhe waqalisa kukumbona ababukeli kunye imidlalo yonopopi kunye lomculo violinists.

imithombo yendalo

Kumantla kummandla yamaYuda ezimeleyo, kwakunye emantla-ntshona inxalenye nasentshonalanga zikwindawo Pompeevskogo, Sutarskoye, Njengomncinane Hinggan kwaye loza Bureya Ridge. Hills kummandla yamaYuda Ukuzilawula Region, kumathambeka ngakumzantsi wayo zigqunywe ngamahlathi avuthulukayo. Kwicala langasentla ezi iinduli batyale imithi ikakhulu coniferous. Kula malungu zingafunyanwa Weeks kunye uthangazana, kunye Anut Manchurian. Sikhula apha nokuba isivalo.

Ngomhla kummandla yamaYuda Ukuzilawula Region na indawo ekhuselweyo ngokukhethekileyo. Oku abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu amawaka eehektare enovimba, usapho loovimba, phantse emithathu elinesibini zesikhumbuzo zendalo.

Amazing ngobuhle bayo isityalo kunokubonwa esesiphelweni imizimba yamanzi aphezu komhlaba. Ehlotyeni ngayo esezansi Komarov iLotus. elikhulu, kunye yesundu umntwana, ezinamagqabi ezimnyama epinki ahombise amanzi.

Isakhiwo ekhethekileyo wejoloji kummandla yamaYuda Ukuzilawula Region ikuvumela ukuba benze iingqikelelo malunga ukufumana apha-oli ekrwada negolide, irhasi kunye phosphate rock, izihombiso ejongene amatye, platinum kunye nedayimani. Okwangoku, kukho imveliso eqhubekayo zentsimbi kunye manganese ore, talc kunye Magnesite, umgquba kunye namalahle omdaka, fresh kunye thermo-bezimbiwa amanzi amayeza.

division zokuphatha

I Elawulayo weBhunga Ephakamileyo kwisiSombululo yayo, eyapapashwa ngo-1991, yakhomba le izimele amaYuda evela iyavuma Territory, eyenza njengequmrhu elizimeleyo. Ngo-2006, le yotshintsho kamasipala elandelayo kuthwalelwa phandle. Ngenxa yoko, kwizithili ezintlanu yahlulwa District Ukuzilawula yamaYuda. Cities kwi embalwa embizeni. Kuphela ababini kubo. It Birobidzhan, Birobidzhan na iziko kwisithili, kwakunye okufakwe (kwisithili Obluchensky). Kumaziko kwezinye iindawo amathathu kwiidolophana needolophu. Uluhlu kula maqumrhu ndawo zidweliswe ngezantsi:
- yesithili Leninsky - embindini kwidolophana Lenin;
- yesithili Oktyabrsky - embindini Amurzet lali;
- yesithili Smidovichsky - embindini welali Smidovich.

mathemba

Ukususela 1990 malunga nobume endle ndaqalisa ukuhamba iingxoxo shushu. Eli xesha xa amaYuda Israel en endle. Isiphumo yaba umbono ekuweni yamaYuda Ukuzilawula Region, kwakunye ezingafanelekanga uphila kwixesha elizayo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le projekthi yaphuhliswa ngokujoyina i Ukuzilawula Region yamaYuda kwi yaseKhabarovsk Territory, kwakunye isindululo ukubandakanywa kummandla Amur kunye nokusekwa ngaxeshanye kummandla Amur.