Ngcono iintlobo strawberry kade: inkcazelo, iifoto, emuncu, izincomo

Ngobusuku busika ebusika, yintoni enye ingcono kunokuba ikomityi yehayi elimnandi kunye ne-strawberry jam? Xa kukho iqhwa ngaphandle kwewindow, akukho nto inomnandi ngaphezu kokuphatha nge-note nostalgic - iphunga lelanga kunye nevumba lehlobo. Yaye ingaba yintoni engcono kunama berries amancinci amnandi, ayithokozela ngesiphunga sawo, xa ivula imvula ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kwefestile kwaye isikhumbuza ukuba iintsuku zokugqibela zasehlobo zifikile? Kungekudala amaqabunga ekwindla aza kuhamba , kwaye inkomishi yee-strawberries ezintsonkothileyo ziyakuthandeka kunye neentlanzi zelanga elincinci lelihlobo ... Ku malunga ne-strawberry ekupheleni ezayo eya kuxutyushwa kule nqaku.

Iimpawu eziwusizo zeerberberries

Ngaphambi kokuba sikuxelele ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zexesha elidlulileyo lwezityalo ze-strawberries (kunye nezithombe kunye neenkcazo), kwaye nixubushe ukuba yiyiphi enye eyona nto ifanelekileyo kwaye inokwethenjelwa, Ndingathanda ukuhlala kwiindawo ezixhamlayo zeberry.

• I-Strawberries yindawo yokugcina i-vitamin C, kukho ngaphezulu kunelomon. Ukuqinisa ukukhusela, ukubuyisela kwakhona nokuvuselela izicubu ezinxibelelwano kunye nokuphucula intlaarticular fluid.
• I-Copper, isinyithi kunye ne-cobalt, equle kwiijikijolo ze-strawberries, ziyimithombo engapheliyo ye-hematopoiesis, ngoko ivuselela ukubunjwa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye ne-hemoglobin.
• I-Magnesium, ecebileyo kwi-strawberries esele ifikelele, yindlela efanelekileyo yokuthintela ukubetha.
• I-Vitamin E ikhusela umhlaza kunye nokuguga.
• I-potassium, equle kwi-strawberries, ilawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, iqinisa intliziyo yesisu. Kwakhona kukhulula umzimba we-edema, kuphucula ukunikezelwa kwengqondo ngeoksijini.
• I-fluoride ne-calcium ziqinisa amazinyo namathambo.
• I-Strawberry berries zizityebi kwi-acid acid, eziyimfuneko zokukhulelwa, kwaye, ngaphezu koko, i-folic acid iyomeleza imithana yegazi.
• I-acid ye-salicylic inefuthe lokulwa ne-antipyretic kwaye linomphumo wokulwa ne-antibacterial.
• Iifiber fibiber, ezizityebi kwiintlobo ze-strawberries eziphelile, zihlambulule umzimba weexin, i-cholesterol ephantsi.

Ukongeza, ama-strawberries, iitithamini ezizityebi, iifiber kunye nezinto ezilandelelanayo, zilungele ukutya kwabantwana kunye nezondlo. Kwaye iipropati zayo (ukukhawuleza i-metabolism, ihlambulule umzimba wee-toxins, ikhuthaza ukutshisa kwamafutha) yenza le berry ingenakunyuswa xa ilahlekelwa ngumzimba. Ukongezelela, i-calori ephantsi.

I-fructose equlethwe kuyo, kwaye ingasuki i-sucrose, njengokuba kuninzi amajikijolo, yenza ukuba itholakale kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Kutheni, kungekhona na iipropati eziphawulekayo zama-strawberries, ziqinisekisa ukuba luncedo kangakanani ukugcina le berry ihlala ihlala etafuleni ixesha elide? Le yilapho iintlobo zeerberberries zonyaka wokuvuthwa ziza kufika.

AmaBanga ama-strawberries asele

Kutheni kukhula iintlobo zexesha elide? Okokuqala, yindlela yokutya amajikijolo amnandi, xa ezinye iintlobo ziye zaphela kwaye zingabikho amajikijolo. Okwesibini, ixesha lokulondoloza lugcwele, i-raspberry, i-currant evuthiwe, kunye neerberberries ze-compotes ayisekho. Kodwa kwimeko! AmaBanga ama-strawberries aphelileyo aqala ukuvelisa iziqhamo ngasekupheleni kukaJuni, ngamanye amaxesha ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Ukuvunwa kuvuna kuze kube nguSeptemba, iintlobo ezithile-de kube ngu-Oktobha. Yile ndlela kwaye iya kuba ne-strawberry ekupheleni! Iintlobo ezintle (kunye nezithandwa kakhulu):

• Pegasus.
• Maxim Gigantella.
• Maestro.
• Great Britain.
• Zenith.
• Malvina.

Pegasus

Iziqhamo zesiNgesi ezinezivuno eziphezulu - ukusuka kwisityalo esinye ukuya kwi-1.5 kg. Isiqithi esinamandla, ukusasazeka, ukukhula kwe-peduncles ngokuchanileyo kuvumela i-strawberries yokuvuthwa kwinqanaba lamaqabunga. Amajikijolo aphakathi, anesisindo esingama-20 g, afana nesibonakalo sesibonakaliso, obomvu obomvu kunye nomzimba oqinileyo we-elastic and sweet taste and sour.

Iimpawu zoluhlu

Akumelana nezifo (ukuphazamiseka kokukhawuleza, uphawu lwe-strawberry kunye ne- verticillium wilt). Ngamanye amaxesha kuchatshazelwa yi-powdery mildew. UBerry ubekezelela ngokulula ukuhamba.

Iinkalo zonyango

• Ukulungiselela ubusika. Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-Frost kumyinge, kubusika kuyacetyiswa ukumboza nge-mulch.
• Ukunisela. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zifuna ukunisela, ngakumbi kwimimandla eyomileyo. Kucetyiswa ukuba ukhulule umhlaba emva kokunkcenkceshela.

Maxim Gigantella

Iindidi ziphakathi kwexesha elide, kodwa ziyaziwa ngokubanzi phakathi kwabagadi bezityalo eziqhamo zayo. Ukuzaliswa - ukuya kwi-1 kg nganye kwisityalo. Isiqithi sinamandla, sinokuphakama kwe-peduncle, sifinyelela ukuphakama kwama-50 cm, ububanzi ukuya kuma-60 cm. Amajikijolo awona mkhulu-ukuya kuma-125 g, obomvu obomvu ngokugqithisileyo kunye ne-sweet taste (nge-flavored stravberry flavor).

Iimpawu zoluhlu

Musa ukulahlekelwa xa ushwankqisayo ukugcina ixesha elide iimpawu zabo. Ubunzima bebusika bunzima.

Iinkalo zonyango

• Ukufika. Ukuze iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zihlangabezane neempawu zayo, xa kutyalwe kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ubungakanani besityalo - ukuba ungatshala ngaphaya kwe-4 intshontsho nganye kwi-1 m2, oku kuya kuphucula ukukhanya nokudala imeko efanelekileyo yokuphuhlisa.
• Ukuzaliswa. I-Giantella ikhiqiza ngokuhlula isiqithi, ama-mustaches kunye nembewu. Indlela elula kakhulu ukutyala. Ukwahlula isityalo kwihlathi eliphambili, susa amadevu kunye namaqabunga, unciphise iingcambu kwi-6-7 cm. Izityalo ze-strawberry zeentlobo ezidlulileyo zihlwayelwe kulo lonke ixesha, kodwa kungekho ngaphezu kweveki ezimbini phambi kweqabunga.
• Ukunisela. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zifuna ukunyamezela, amanzi kufuneka abe ngamawaka 3-4 ngeveki. Ukugcina isityalo ixesha elide kunokwenzeka, umhlaba kufuphi neentsika kufuneka udibaniswe.

Maestro

Iindidi ezineminyaka ephakathi kwe-French ezikhethiweyo kunye namajikijolo amakhulu. Izithelo ngoMeyi ukuya ngasekupheleni kukaOktobha. Iindidi eziphakamileyo eziphezulu, ukufikelela kwi-2 kg kwihlathi. Isiqithi sitsho, sinezimpande ezinamandla. Iibhereji zikhulu (ukuya kuma-80 g), kunye ne-pulp thick and sweet taste. I-Maestro, njengezinye iintlobo zee-strawberries zasekupheleni kwebhanki eliphakathi, nge-autumn efudumele kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendawo zokukhusela kukuvumela ukuba uvune ukususela ngo-Ephreli ukuya kuDisemba. Kuyafaneleka ukukhula eSiberia.

Iimpawu zoluhlu

Ngombulelo kwinkqubo ephuhlisiweyo, isityalo esinzima kakhulu, sibekezelela isombele. Ukumelana nezifo. Kunconywe ukukhula kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo.

Iinkalo zonyango

• Ukufika. Isityalo sinconywa ukuba sitshale ngokwelo cwangciso: i-1 m ² 4-5. Ndiyabulela kwinkqubo enamandla eneengcambu, ithwala umhlaba ongezantsi kwaye ivelise isivuno esihle.

EUnited Kingdom

I-Strawberry yexesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwexesha elide kunye namajikijolo ejikeleziweyo ombala omnyama, obunzima ukuya kuma-120 g. Ukukhupha kwihlathi - ngaphezu kwe-2 kg. Isiqithi sinamandla, sinezimpande zenkqubela. Iibroji ezinomsila omninzi kunye nekhenkco elimnandi nelomuncu.

Iimpawu zoluhlu

Ukumelana nesithwathwa kunye nezifo. Amajikijolo anamandla kwaye agcina ukubonakala kwawo ngexesha lokuthutha, ungaqhubi kwaye ungonakali.

Zenith

Iindidi ziphakathi kwexesha elide, ukuvuthwa ngoJulayi. Ukukhula kweentlobo zokukhula okuphakathi, ii-peduncles ezimfutshane, ngaphantsi kwamaqabunga. Iindidi eziphakamileyo eziphezulu-ukuya kwi-1.5 kg kwisityalo. Ihlathi liphakathi ngobukhulu, kunye namaqabunga amakhulu aluhlaza. Iibroji zijikelezileyo, zifikelela kuma-30 g, zizinyama zinyameko kwaye zingenandi, zingabi nabuhlungu, zila.

Iimpawu zoluhlu

Ukumelana nesithwathwa kunye nezifo. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka ukonakalise ukubola okukhulu.

Malvina

Umgangatho we-strawberry we-strawberries wokuzalisa isiJamani uqalisa ukuvelisa isiqhamo kwisahlulo sesibini seJuni. Amagqabi amaninzi amakhulu amakhulu ukuya kuma-50 cm aphezulu kunye namahlamvu anzima. Isivuno sinomyinge, ukusuka kwinqaba ukuya kuma-800 g. Iibroji zifumaneka phantsi kwamagqabi, ezinkulu, zikhanyisa ngcamango enomnandi. Isisindo samajikijolo - ukuya kwi-35 g, i-pulp iyindoda. Amajikijolo amnandi kunye nentyatyambo ye-strawberry.

Iimpawu zoluhlu

Ngexesha lemvula, alilahlekelwa yinkcenkceshe, ayinanzi kwaye ayayi kubola. Iindidi ezixhatshazwayo zizifo ze-powdery kunye ne-verticillosis, ukuya kwiindawo ezimdaka ukuxhatshazwa kuphakathi kwaye kuya ku-grey rot. Yonakaliswe yizinambuzane-i-weevil, i-thrips. Uthutho olufanelekileyo.

Iinkalo zonyango

• Ukufika. Umgama phakathi kweentsiba ngowama-50-70 cm, ukusahlula ku-60-70 cm.
• Ukunisela. Iintlobo ze-strawberry zakutshanje zinokumelana nesomiso, kodwa kwimozulu eshushu, ukufunwa okwaneleyo kuyimfuneko.
• Ukugqoka okuphezulu. I-Malvina iphendula kwi-nitrogen fertilizer.
• Ukuprintwa. Kwinqanaba le-fruiting, amaqabunga kufuneka anqunywe ukuze aqinisekise ukukhwela kunye nokukhanyisa kwamajikijolo.
• Kwinqaku. Isalathisi se-Genetic (amaqabunga eentyantyambo) sabiza i-3% yezityalo. Iquke ekubonakaleni kwamagqabi amancinci kwinyama yesityalo.

Ukunyamekela i-strawberries yeentlobo ezidlulileyo

Ukuze inkcubeko ivelise isivuno esihle, kufuneka ithatyathwe. Ziziphi iimpawu zokutyala kunye nokukhula kweerberberries, kunye nokunyamekela, siqwalasela ngakumbi.

Khetha indawo

Iintlobo ze-strawberry ezidlulayo zikhula phantse nayiphi na umhlaba, kodwa apha isivuno, ukunambitha kunye nokuchaswa kwezifo zihlandlo eziliqela eziphezulu ngokuchanekileyo kule mihlaba apho i-berry iyayiphendula. I-Strawberry ithanda ilula, inhlabathi evundileyo. Ikhula kakuhle kwihlabathi elunxwemeni, elunxwemeni loamy. Okubi - kwi-peat kunye ne-sod-podzolic.

Ummandla wamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba awusondele ngaphezu kwe-70 cm. Kwiindawo apho izinga lamanzi liphakamileyo, ulungelelaniso lomhlaba okanye imibhede ephakamileyo lucetyiswayo. Kwiindawo eziphantsi, ama-strawberries akufanele atyalwe. Ubungakanani be-acid e-5.5-6.6. Kwinqanaba elincinane, abalimi abanamava bancomela ukuba ukucinywa komhlaba kwenziwe , kunye ne-gypsum.

Lungisa indawo yokutyala

• Ngekwindla isayithi kufuneka ibanjwe kwi-bayonet. Ngentwasahlobo (phambi kokufika) - khulule umhlaba ngo-15 cm.
• Hlola izinambuzane, ingqalelo ingqalelo kule nto ukuba kukho inani leendawo ezininzi kwaye xa usebenzisa umgquba omtsha. Emva kokufumanisa "iindwendwe ezingahambelwanga", umhlaba kufuneka uphathwe ngamanzi ammonia.
• Ukhula lufanele luphathwe kunye nokutywala.

Ixesha lokutyala

Ixesha lokufika lihluka ngoxhomekeke kummandla:

• Spring. Emva kwekhephu kwehla kwaye umhlaba uphuthuzela. Ngelo xesha, umhlaba uzele ukunyamezela, kwaye izityalo azikho ngaphantsi kweqabunga. Ukutshala emva koko kubangelwa ukufa kwezimbewu phantsi kwelanga elitshisayo.
• Kwindla. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokulima livela ngo-Agasti ukuya kuSeptemba. Ukutshala okutshatyalaliswayo kufumaneka nokulahlekelwa kwezityalo zonyaka ozayo, njengoko isityalo asiyi kuba nexesha lokuthatha ingcambu.

Ubuninzi bokutyala

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-strawberries ezidlulileyo zityalwa kunye nomgama phakathi kwe-rosettes 20-30 cm, imigca - 30 cm kunye nokukhala kwegama-60-70 cm (ukutsalwa kwamanqanaba amabini). Ngemiqondiso yeendlela enye ezilandelayo: phakathi kweziseko - 15-20 cm, phakathi kwemigca - 60-70 cm. Ngokutyala ngokuphindaphindiweyo, izityalo aziyi kubakho ukukhanya okwaneleyo kunye nokuphefumlelwa komoya, oku kunokukhokelela kwizifo.

Ubunzulu bokufika

Imiphunga engaphezu kwe-8 cm kufuneka ifutshane, yinqumle emgodini wokuhlalisa ukuze intamo yengcambu ibe semgangathweni womhlaba, isasaze iingcambu ize igube kunye nomhlaba, kwaye uyihlanganise ngokucokisekileyo. Ukukha amanzi kunye nokudonga ngeenxa zonke ii-rosettes zomhlaba. Kwixesha leentsuku ezimbalwa zokutshala, kuyinqweneleka ukuba i-pritenyat.

Ukunisela

Iimviwo ezi-2 zokuqala umhlaba kufuneka zigcinwe zimanzi - kufuneka zityilwe imihla ngemihla, emva kweentsuku ezimbini. Zonke ezinye ixesha zisela amanzi kuxhomekeka kwiimeko zemozulu, ungavumeli ukuma. Ukuxubusha kuyakukhusela ukomiswa komhlaba.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Iifomfti kufuneka zisetyenziselwe ukuba zisondele ngaphezu kwe-5 cm ukusuka ehlathini. Kwiintlobo ezininzi, ukulungiswa kwe-4 kwanele:

1. 14 iintsuku emva kokutyala. Iilitha ezili-10 zamanzi zithathwa i-superphosphate (30 g) kunye ne-ash ash - polstakana.
2. Ukuqala kweentyantyambo. I-Mullein ihlanjululwe ngamanzi kwisilinganiselo se-1: 6; Inkunkuma yenkukhu - 1:20. Ukugxininisa iintsuku ezi-7. Iilitha ezili-10 zesisombululo - isiqingatha sendebe yomlotha. Ukutya okulandelayo emva kweveki ezimbini.
3. I-Mullein ihlanjululwe ngamanzi kwisiqingatha se-1: 6, engeza isigamu seglasi ye-ash, i-superphosphate (50 g) kunye ne-20 ilitha amanzi.
4. I-Mullein ihlanjululwa ngamanzi (1: 6); Inkunkuma yenkukhu - 1:20. Ukugxininisa iintsuku ezi-7. Iilitha ezili-10 zesisombululo - isiqingatha sendebe yomlotha.

Iintlobo zakutshanje zidinga ukondla okongeziweyo.

Ierberberries ziphelile: iintlobo ezintle. Iingcebiso kunye nemibiko evela kubalimi

Ngezantsi siza kujonga imibuzo edlalwa rhoqo ngabaqalayo kwaye inike iimpendulo kubo kunye neengcebiso zamafama anamava.

Ngaba ndifuna ukusika amaqabunga e-strawberry?

Iingcambu zibalulekile ukukhula kakuhle kunye nophuhliso lwesityalo. Zahlukaniswa ngekwindla, ehlobo nasekuseni. Ezi zilandelayo zivela ngo-Apreli kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yesityalo. Emva kokuvelisa i-fruiting, bathatyathwa yiihlobo zasehlotyeni, bayakhonkcoza iinjongo kwaye baqokelela izinto ezincedo. Amava amva, ekwindla, avela ngoSeptemba-Oktobha. Abahlwayi berry nabo.

• Amaqabunga ekwindla angcono ukuba angadli, njengoko ekhonza njengokhuseleko lwendalo lwezitshixo ze-strawberry. Ukuprintwa kuyachaphazela isityalo esizayo (kunyaka ozayo).
• Ukuba ama-strawberries awonakaliswe yizinambuzane nezifo, kuyimfuneko ukusika amaqabunga ngokungahambisani. Kwaye ngokukhawuleza, bhetele. Emva kokuvuna amajikijolo avela ehlathini, amaqabunga kufuneka anqunywe, ashiye indawo yokukhula kunye nenkqubo. Ihlathi liya kwomelela ngekwindla kwaye liya kulungelelwa ubusika.
• Uhlobo olutsha lwe-strawberry (Malvina) lucetyiswa ukuba lube lukhuni ngaphandle kwexesha lokutya, ngokukhawuleza ukusika iziqabunga. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuphucula umoya kunye nokukhanyisa amajikijolo.
• Emva kokuvelisa, abaqeqeshi bayacetyiswa ukuba banqunywe kwiindawo ezihlambulukileyo zamagqabi endala kunye nemilenze yamade.

Ibakala elithembekileyo kwi-suburban dacha kufuphi neMoscow?

Iindidi ze-strawberries eziye zavavanywa emva kwexesha laseMoscow, ezingenako ukwesaba iimeko zemozulu zebhanti eliphakathi kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuvuna, i-"classic" engapheliyo, ivivinywa iminyaka.

• UZenga-Zengana luhlobo olusemva kokuzalana kweJamani. Iibhokhwe zide, zinamagqabi amaninzi. Imveliso - 2 kg nge-1m ² . Amajikijolo anesisindo esingama-20 g, ngohlobo lweqhonqa, umbala obomvu obomvu, kunye ne-pulp dense, enefuthe elimnandi kunye neqholi eliqinileyo. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zinyamezela ubusika kakuhle, zinako ukubuyisela, ukushisa akunyanzeli kakuhle - i-berry ayikho. Ukumelana nezifo.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezintsha ezifanele ukukhula kwiphondo laseMoscow, kodwa iintlobo ezinokuthenjelwa kweerberberries ezidlulileyo ezithandekayo, kunye neziqhamo ezinkulu kunye nezivuno ezilungileyo, ziyiPolka, iTenira, iBorovitskaya, iVigoda, i-Maryshka, iCarmen, iBohemia.

Kutheni uxolela umhlaba?

Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuxubungula ngumgaqo wokushisa. Ehlobo, i-mulch isindisa umhlaba ukushushu, ebusika-ukusuka kwiqhwa. Ngentwasahlobo, umhlaba uhlanganiswe ngezinto ezimnyama ukuze kuphuculwe ngcono. Ukupholisa umhlaba, uhlanganiswe ngendwangu yokukhanya. Ngoko lihlala limanzi elide, kwaye iziqwenga zezityalo, ngokuchaseneyo, zifudumala.

Ukongeza, i-mulching inqanda ukukhula kokhula. I-Mulch evela kwizinto eziphilayo, ngokukhawuleza ukubola, inika umhlaba izondlo, ngenxa yoko, isakhiwo saso siphucula. Izinto zikhusela umhlaba ekuhlambulukeleni imvula kunye nezulu, ikhusela izifo kunye nezilwanyana ezinambuzane.

Ziziphi iintlobo ezinokukhetha kwiBelarus?

E Belarus, ngoku iintlobo kakhulu Dutch, kodwa ixesha lubonise ukuba abasoloko ukuhlangabezana nokulindelweyo. Uninzi begadi wathi iintlobo best kade istrawberry e Belarus - Hepill, Kebot, Salsa, GalyaChIV, ngumoya eAdriya, Finella. Ndithande Ndingathanda ukuqaphela iintlobo Japanese Chamora Turusov, njengoko ngokukhawuleza yafumana udumo.

Chamora Turusov - Middle-Class kunye isivuno 1.5 kg kwisityalo ngasinye. Isityalo mude, obomeleleyo amagqabi amakhulu. Amaqunube zinkulu, ukuya kwi 110 g kunye yintlama ashinyeneyo nestrawberry incasa. Thelo transportable, kunye ezikhabhathini elide. Le ziintsapho singapheli zasebusika singapheli. Ekucaca ukuba izifo fungal, kodwa iyamelana angumgubo liqhenqa.

Yintoni strawberry iintlobo kakhulu imnandi, amnandi na enkulu? Ziziphi amaqunube - emva kwexesha?

Inkcazelo yezi ntlobo, qinisekisa ncomo ukuba amaqunube Malvina - emangalisayo, iintlobo emva kwexesha kakhulu. amaqunube okumnandi zivuthwe ngoJulayi, xa iintlobo ezininzi ugqibile fruiting.

iimbekiselo ezininzi ezikwakhankanya iintlobo incasa elungileyo Chamora Turusov. Abanye abalimi bathi le berry nto abangenazigqibo, kodwa ukunambitheka ukungcamla amaqunube zibalasele.

Makabongwe begadi ndaza uhlobo Great Britain ibe livumba eyothusayo neziqhamo elikhulu kunene. Begadi babhiyozele okukwazi lwenkcubeko izifo kunye transportability emangalisayo.