Uwuphi umehluko phakathi kwe-LLC kunye ne-ZAO? Yintoni e bhetele?

Uninzi lwabantu bokuqala bezoshishino banomdla kumbuzo wokuthi i-LLC ihluke njani kwiCJSC. Ezi fom zentlangano nezosemthethweni zepropati yorhwebo zihlala zifumaneka kwindlela yokusebenza kwamashishini. Abo baza kuvula ishishini labo kwintsimi yoshishini elincinci okanye eliphakathi, kufuneka bakwazi ukuhlukanisa ezi ngcamango.

Ulwahluko oluphambili

Ngaphandle koosomashishini abanamava abanako ukukhawuleza ukugqiba indlela yobunikazi. Futhi akusoloko bekwazi ukucebisa abanye into engcono - i-CJSC okanye i-LLC. Ukwahlukahlukana kwimiqathango enjengekreqo yokudala i-capital capital kunye nobukhulu bayo, inani labaxhasi, umnikelo kunye nokunye okuninzi.

Yintoni i-JSC?

Kwakhona, le fom yesakhiwo sombutho kwixesha elizayo le shishini likhethwa. Uwuphi umehluko phakathi kwe- LLC, JSC, CJSC?

Ngaloo ndlela, i-Limited Liability Company yindlela ekhangayo kakhulu, eyona nto ifanelekileyo kumashishini amancinane naphakathi. Ingabandakanya abantu abangaphezu kwama-50, kwaye abasunguli bangaba zombini namalungu omthetho.

Kodwa i-JSC yinkqubo enzima kakhulu, inemibuzo emininzi engamkelekanga okanye engalunganga kumnini. Uhlobo oluphambili oluvela kwi-LLC kukuba igosa eligunyazisiweyo lithe lahlulwa ngezabelo zabathathi-nxaxheba balo, kodwa ngezabelo. Kwakhona kule fom akukho zithintelo malunga nenani labantu abanokuba ngabanikazi.

Ingcamango yeCJSC

Le fom yobunini isakhiwo soshishino, apho igosa eligunyazisiweyo lixhomekeke kwinani elivunyelweneyo lezabelo. Zisasazwa phakathi kwabasunguli kunye nabanye abantu, kodwa abakwazi ukuthengiswa kwi-stock exchange.

Ngaphambi kokuba wazi ukuba yintoni eyahlula i-LLC kwi-ZAO, kufuneka ukwazi zonke iimpawu zendlela yangoku:

• Awukwazi ukukhuphela ngaphandle umnini-mali;
• Ukubhalisa akuyimfuneko ukuzisa imali eyinkunzi;
• Kukho ilungelo lokulahla kwezabelo ngokukhululeka;
• Ngenjongo yokwenza isigqibo, isigqibo esisisigxina sabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba akudingeki;
• Abanikazi abanini-mali abadingeki ukuba banikele ngemali kwiimpahla zesakhiwo;
• Ngenjongo yokudala i-capital capital, ukubhaliswa kwe-state kuyadingeka ukukhupha i-securities;
• Xa zihlawulwa ngeendlela ezingekho mali, iinkonzo ze-appraiser ziyadingeka;
• Amalungu amatsha angabonakala;
• Isidingo sokwenza ingxelo ngokuqhelekileyo kwimisebenzi yesakhiwo.

LLC: iingeniso kunye nokungalunganga

Udinga ukwazi izinto eziphambili zeli fomu lobunikazi. Oku kuya kunceda ukuqonda kangcono umahluko phakathi kwe-LLC kunye ne-ZAO. Uluphi umehluko phakathi kwabo oya kuwuqonda kunye nawe ngokwakho, sele ufunde izibonelelo eziphambili zalolu hlobo lwenhlangano.

Nantsi yonke into ilula kakhulu ngokwemigaqo yokubhalisa kunye nomsebenzi wokulandela, ngokukodwa:

• Inkqubo yokubhaliswa kweso silula, akukho mfuneko yokurekhoda ulwazi malunga nokugcina, njengoko kwimeko yangaphambili;
• Ukuba i-capital capital isakhiwe ngexabiso lemali engeyiyo mali, i-appraiser ozimele ayiyi kuyimfuneko, yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa ngabasunguli ngokwabo, kodwa kuphela ukuba ixabiso elilinganayo aligqithisi i-ruble ezingama-20,000;
• Umthatha inxaxheba unokuhlala eshiya isakhiwo;
• Ukwamkelwa kokutsha kunye nokwahlukana kwabathathi-nxaxheba abadala kuncinci ngokuhambelana neCharter Charter;
• Iinkcukacha malunga nemisebenzi yenkampani, ngokungafani neCJSC, akudingeki ukuba uyichaze.

Iingxaki zefom elula

Njengoko ubona, impendulo eyintloko kumbuzo othi "Yintoni umehluko phakathi kwe-LLC kunye ne-ZAO?" Ngaba ukulula ukwenza ibhizinisi ekuqaleni kokubona. Nangona kunjalo, inkampani ejongene noxanduva luneengxaki zalo, nangona inani elikhulu leenzuzo kubanikazi bezakhiwo ezincinci zorhwebo:

• Ngenjongo yokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yokubhaliswa koburhulumente, kuyimfuneko ukuhlawula ubuncinci besigqeba esisemthethweni. Ihlawulwa kuphela ngendlela yemali, kwaye abathathi-nxaxheba mabavule ii-akhawunti zesikhashana ngaphambi kokuqala oku;
• Ukutshintsha ukubunjwa kwe-LLC kudinga inkqubo ede kakhulu neyinkimbinkimbi, kubandakanywa utshintsho kwiRejista yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yeeNkampani zomthetho kunye nokubhaliswa kwesabelo sokungabikho kwenkcazo kwi-notary;
• Ekuphumeni okungenani omnye inxaxheba, isakhiwo sinokulahlekelwa yimpahla yaso;
• Ukuze kuthathe isigqibo, ukuqinisekiswa ngokubambisana kwabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kuyadingeka.

Ngokusekelwe kulo, unokwenza isigqibo malunga naluphi uhlobo lwepropati oyithandayo. Emva koko khetha: I-LLC okanye i-CJSC.

I-OJSC: iintlukwano ezinkulu

Xa ubhalisa uhlobo olunjalo lobunikazi, akudingeki ukuba ubonise iinkcukacha zomntu wabasunguli. Kwaye apha ukubhaliswa kweNkampani evulekileyo yinkqubo enyanzelekileyo.

Ukuba isakhiwo senkampani siya kubonelela ngenani elingenamkhawulo kwabafundi, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukukhetha i-JSC. Kwaye nangamalungelo okuhlengwa okukhethiweyo okukhuseleko, unako ukubanika okanye ubenike izihlobo ngelifa.

Ezinye iinkalo ezahlukileyo zezi ziko:

• Ukungenakwenzeka ukuba ungabandakanyi umthathi-nxaxheba kuluntu ngokusebenzisa inkundla;
• Xa wenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo, iivoti aziqwalaselwe ngumbalo wabatyali-nxaxheba, kodwa ngezabelo;
• Inkunzi-mali yenkampani iyahlula izabelo;
• Igunya eligunyazisiweyo kufuneka libe ubuncinane i-ruble eziyi-100;
• Isidingo sophicotho-zonyaka.

Indlela yokwenza okulungileyo?

Ngaphambi kokuvula ibhizinisi lakho, kufuneka ufunde ngokucophelela impawu nganye kwifom yezoshishino. Ngoko uza kufumanisa ukuba i-LLC ihluke njani kwiCJSC kunye ne-JSC. Ikhetho lokugqibela liyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye ilungele loo ma shishini aceba ukucela inkxaso yabaphathi-mali abakhulu kunye nezicwangciso ezinkulu. Kodwa ukuba ngumbuzo woshishino oluncinci okanye olusapho, kungcono ukhethe i-LLC, kuba kulula kakhulu.

Isicatshulwa esicacileyo

Ngaphezulu sasiqikelele ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zeJSC. Ngezantsi, siya kuqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba i-LLC ihluke njani kwiCJSC ngenxa yenkcazo emfutshane.

Ngokuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zomsebenzi, izi zimpawu zi:

• Kwi-LLC, i-capital capital igunyaziso lwamalungu ayo, kwi-CJSC-kwizabelo, ubungakanani bayo obukhulu kwiimeko zombini zi-ruble eziyiwaka ezilishumi.
• Inkunzi kumatyala amabini ihlawulwa ngolu hlobo lweemali, imali okanye enye impahla engabalwa. Kodwa e-LLC ngenjongo yokubhalisa kuyimfuneko ukuhlawula ubuncinane isiqingatha salo xabiso, kunye nabanye bangaphaya konyaka. Kwaye ku-CJSC kuyimfuneko ukufaka inxalenye engama-50 epesenti yezabelo ezabelwe ngexesha lokudala isakhiwo kwisithuba seenyanga ezintathu. Amanye ahlawulwa ngezigaba. Kwaye kwimizuzu yokubhalisa kuyimfuneko ukuba ifake ipakethe yamaxwebhu phakathi kwenyanga ukuze ufumane imvume yokukhupha izabelo.
• Ukuba inkunzi ihlawulwa ngemali kwi-LLC, umsekeli kufuneka avule i-akhawunti yebhanki ekhethekileyo kunye nokufaka imali kule akhawunti.
• Ku-ZAO, ngokungafani ne-LLC, unako ukwandisa i-capital capital ogunyazisiweyo ngokunyusa ixabiso lexabiso lezabelo kunye nokutsala ezintsha.

Amalungelo abathathi-nxaxheba kwisakhiwo

Ifom yobunini bentengiso yoshishino ngqo ithintela amalungelo abo basunguli kunye nabanini. Kancinane kwaye ihluke i-LLC esuka ku-ZAO. Uluphi umehluko kunye nohlu olungezantsi:

• I-Limited Liability Company inokuba neqela elinama-50 abathathi-nxaxheba, kwaye kwiNkampani yoShishino eViweyo eViweyo isimboli esifanayo asikho nje kuphela inani labantu, kodwa nabo abanini-nxaxheba. Ukuba kukho ezinye zazo, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukulungiswa kwakhona kwi-JSC ngaphakathi kweenyanga ezili-12.
• Kwimeko yokuqala, abathathi-nxaxheba banokurhoxisa ubulungu bezakhiwo zabo, kwaye okwesibini abanalo ilungelo.
• Ukuba sithetha malunga nokwahlukana kwesabelo (LLC) okanye isabelo (i-CJSC), kwisakhiwo sokuqala, abathathi-nxaxheba banelungelo loku, bayithumela kumaqela esithathu, ukuba oku akuphikisana neCharter. Abanye abathathi-nxaxheba okanye uluntu ngokwawo alwamkeli inxaxheba kwingxoxo yalo mbandela. Kwi-CJSC, abanini-nxaxheba banalo ilungelo, kwaye imvume yabanye ayimfuneko.
• Zonke izigqibo zenziwe kwizakhiwo zombini ngokusekelwe kwintlanganiso jikelele yabathathi-nxaxheba okanye abanini-nxaxheba kwenkampani.
• Kwi-CJSC, abanini-zabelo abanalo ilungelo lokwenza iifomethi kwipropati yenkampani, kunye negalelo le-LLC kufuneka lihlawulwe ngabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba, ngokuxhomekeka kwisabelo sabo ngokuhambelana nomgaqo-ngxowa-mali.
• Ngokuphathelele ukuhlawula iintlawulo kunye nenzuzo yenkampani, e-LLC ikwahlula phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba kuxhomekeke kwisabelo esithile, esinikezelwa ngamnye kwisigxina esiphezulu. Kwaye kwisakhiwo sesibini, izahlulo zihlawulwa kubanikazi abanini-zimali kwii-securities zabo zohlobo olunye okanye omnye. Iintlawulo zingenziwa kwizinto zombini kunye nezinye ezilinganayo.

Omnye unokuthi kuthiwa iCJSC kunye ne-LLC zifana ngendlela ethile, kodwa zihluke kwi-JSC. Iintlobo zombini zoshishino zinokuqinisekisa ukunyanzeliswa koxanduva lwabo abaququzeleli, kuxhomekeke kwizibophelelo zabo. Ukwahlukana kwabo kwimeko yesigqeba kwaye ayibalulekanga.