Xa mammoths saphela? Imbali lwehlabathi

Mammoths - ezincancisayo ezimangalisayo eziphelele emoyeni ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukuba izihlobo ezikude eendlovu mihla.

Xa mammoths saphela?

View Indlovu ngomnye kakhulu kakuhle ifundwa kwesayensi mihla. Ngokuyintloko, oku kuchazwe ngenxa yokuba baphila Emhlabeni ngokwentelekiso kutshanje, kwaye nkqu ababephila babengabantu. De kube ngoku, abaphandi abayifumanayo iintsalela zezi zilwanyana.

Ngoko xa extinct mammoths? Oku kwenzeka 10 namawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, xa kwakukho kobubi lwehlabathi yakutshanje kwi kwemozulu. Ngenxa yale ntlobo baqalisa umzabalazo komsindo ukusinda. Abantu abathi ngelo xesha kakuhle izixhobo ezahlukeneyo lokuzingela ziye zibe usongo bonke omkhulu. Enye sisidumbu sezinto eziphilileyo enjalo unokunyusa ixesha elide ukondla isizwe. Ngenxa yale uluhlu lwe Proboscidea yehla kakhulu.

indoda ukulwa

Paleontologists baye bafumanise iintsalela kwezilwanyana ezinkulu kwi sayithi abantu bamandulo. Amathambo ukuqhubekekiswa ngenyameko usebenzisa izixhobo amatye, ukuze ke isetyenziswe njengesixhobo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Abazingeli kwafuneka ukuba zizakhele ezininzi namacebo ukubamba whopper efana ndlovu. izilwanyana eziphilayo ingaphezu ukothuka imikhonto kwakudala. Kakade ke, umntu usisidalwa ke akunakwenzeka ukuba oyise yedwa. Ngoko ke maqela ukuzingela. Kwi umzila, apho mammoths enyuka ngaphandle mkhwa, wemba ingabonakali umhadi, apho isilwanyana wawa waza waba lula lixhoba. Ngokufuthi, umkhonto okanye emkhontweni ejolise kwi nasemiphakathweni - enye iingongoma ezimbalwa buthathaka. ubuchule kwinkulungwane XIX inzalelwane zaseAfrika zisetyenziswa xa enithiyela iindlovu.

Impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu

Ukongeza, kukho esinye isizathu esibalulekileyo sokuba mammoths saphela. Ezi zilwanyana musa ukuba ukutya ngokwaneleyo. iintlobo ezininzi apho zisitya, baye bafa ngenxa snap ebandayo (kanye eli xesha iintlobo 34 iphelile). Ukunqongophala kokutya kunye neengxaki zabantu kukhokelele ekubeni ehlabathini kwakungekho omkhulu. Lo mkhwa lokutshabalala ngobuninzi ngenxa yotshintsho kwiimeko abaphila phantsi kwazo yenzululwazi namhlanje kuthiwa Enkulu Holocene eziphilayo.

Kukho ezinye neempawu ezingephi ukunyaniseka kwithiyori ukuba imozulu yaba nobangela wokutshabalala ezi ezincancisayo. Xa mammoths extinct shwaka nabo nje ezinye izilwanyana kodwa kuluntu yabantu. Umzekelo, inkcubeko yaba KukaClovis. Yenza ingxelo balapho ye Stone Age, owayehlala kuMbindi nakuMntla Melika. Oko kukuthi, kwavumela mammoths nabantu akazange abangele ukuba ziphele of Proboscidea.

ukutshintsha kwemozulu iquka kuphela snap elibukhali ebandayo (leyo awuyitshintshanga le ukutya), kodwa kufudumala hit ngqo ezi ngxilimbela. Kokurhoxa kulengqele hlathi ukuya emantla kunyanzeleke ukuba ukuthutha nzulu ezinezinga kakhulu, apho bafa ngaphandle kunye.

Le mammoths yokugqibela

Ezi ziphumo zakutshanje zibonisa ukuba nasemva kokuba yokuduka iindlovu ezinoboya kweli lizwekazi ethile amathanga ekwanti eyayikhona ngomhla kwiziqithi ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kwi Wrangel Island mathambo afunyanwa, ubudala ogama wayemalunga-4 iminyaka eliwaka. Ekubeni izazinzulu lubonise ukuba imihlambi ekwanti wazinika indawo, xa eYiputa bamandulo wakha iiphiramidi, waza wabonakala impucuko zohlobo eGrisi. Kakade ke, lo ke abemi yaseMeditera babengazi xa mammoths saphela.

Wrangel Island mammoths ixesha eyathatha iminyaka eliwaka elongezelelweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zilwanyana yahlukile abo ngaphambili yanwenwa Eurasia. isayizi yazo engafuni 1.5 m. Kwakunxibelelene kukuba kuninzi utshintshile ikhonkco lokutya. Mammoths kwafuneka ukunciphisa kokudla, nokwadala ukukhula abathile ebuntwaneni. Ezi data nto iyaziwa, emva kokuba ihlolwe kwaye zihlalutywe amazinyo afumaneka kwi Wrangel siqithi paleontologists Russian kunyaka 1993. Last "ezincinanana" uluntu akukho ezizingelayo, nenokuthi kuba usongo kubo. Ngoko ke, inkoliso iifosili bafumanisa ingqamana abantu abadala.

Xa mammoths extinct, kwafakwa ngamanye kwi ukuhlasela. On Wrangel island kwindawo ekwanti ziqhubekile ukubakhona yaye nokuphuhlisa ngoxolo. Kodwa kutheni mammoths saphela, yaye ngalo intwana zomhlaba? Mhlawumbi kukho pohozyaynichat abantu. Ngokungafaniyo era elidlulileyo xa mammoths umiwe zizigidi ezikwere zeekhilomitha, ukubulawa kukho abantu abambalwa kwisiqithi enokuphazamisana intsalela ngaphakathi emphakathini.

The Age omkhulukazi

Ngoku, xa kwacaca kwiminyaka emininzi kangakanani eyadlulayo, mammoths saphela, uyakwazi ukuthetha malunga nendawo apho bafumana bemilingo zabo. Eli xesha kwenzeka malunga 120,000 eyadlulayo. Ngeli xesha, i mammoths ababuyanga badle kuphela eSiberia mihla, kodwa eYurophu, ukuya kwelaseSpani. In Asia le datha umda wafika kunxweme loLwandle lweCaspian. Apha kwakhona, safumanisa iintsalela oshiyeke emva xa mammoths saphela. Ixesha lwe ubukho babo kule izilwanyana ezingqongileyo sahlala eziliqela amashumi amawaka eminyaka.

Zendlovu usiza sezulu. Ngeli xesha koqeqesho, Eurasia uye waba snap ezintathu kakhulu kuyabanda, xa umkhenkce bubonakala kude ekumazantsi Arctic Circle. sezulu elibukhali elizwekazi lathotywa kakhulu indawo amahlathi luluqilima. Kwelinye icala, emaqeleni ngobukhulu, efanelekileyo mammoths, linyukile amaxesha.

omakhelwane mammoths

Around ezi ngxilimbela bekusoloko izilwanyana zizityebi ngazo ngandlel nabo. Ngabo aba adle, imikhombe engubo ixhonti, must iinkomo, amahashe, yak, amabhere emqolombeni yiSAIGA. Ukususela ezanyisayo ezincinane kufuneka kuqatshelwe Lemmings, oonomatse emhlabeni, njalo njalo. D. Iziphumo nga Unalungelo malunga 80 iintlobo zezilwanyana.

Xa ngenxa kufudumala ngcembe ukubuyisela kumathafa lweenkobe beza amahlathi zamafu, mammoths kwezi ndawo. Ngenxa kuluhlu lwabo lancipha, yaye ekugqibeleni shwaka ngokupheleleyo.

Mammoths ku lwemveli

Kwizizwana eFar North , yaye namhlanje ubambe amabali amaninzi malunga Anaki ezinoboya ababekade kwilizwe labo. ESiberia, yayiyindawo apho ngaphambili kwatyatyamba awayezingela omkhulu. Komi, Khanty, Mansi kunye nezinye abemi zomthonyama le kumathafa enkulu ezisagcinwe kwilivo lwemveli ngabo. Ukongeza, aba bantu ngaphambi kokuba abeLungu wayesoloko amazinyo oyidingayo, namathambo, ezisetyenziswa kweli khaya okanye izacholo nje imali eninzi.

Alaska Eskimos umfanekiso oqingqiweyo ezi ezincancisayo ezingalweni zakhe, ezenziwe amathambo isilo solwandle esinamabamba amade. Lapps abahlala kumantla eScandinavia, bakholelwa ukuba mammoths - oku igutyungelwe iingxilimbela iinwele, ngubani nizimele komhlaba. E Chukchi, mammoths East eSiberia walondoloza kumabali amajelo umoya ombi.

La izilwanyana ukusuka Eurasia ukuya eMelika. Kukho kwakhona imizekeliso malunga "inyathi esikhulu" kwi intsomi zamaNdiya. Zingelani enkulu lihanjiswa njenge owodwa kwaye kwelinye izwekazi. Ngenxa Ukupholisa lwehlabathi, amanqanaba elwandle lehla ngokuphawulekayo, okwenza ukuba izilwanyana kunye nabantu ukuba bahambe ukusuka kwenye inxalenye kumahlabathi akhoyo ukuya kwenye.