Julayi neNgonyama: xesha, ingakumbi iziphumo

NgoJulayi 1830 kwakukho mvukelo eFransi, nto leyo ekhokelele kwabanjalo ekubhukuqekeni ummeli wokugqibela kumgca abaphezulu Bourbon ubukhosi - Korol uKarl X, waziphakamisa kwitrone nomzala wakhe iNkosana Orleans, Louis Philippe. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba sele ugqibile eyasekwa ngo-1814, urhulumente kwamandla nokubuyiselwa Bourbons, abo bazama ngazo zonke iindlela ukuze kubuyiselwe ucwangco lizwe ezazikho phambi ka1789 Revolution. Ukuza emva kwelo xesha kwimbali France wehla embalini njengoko July ezasebukhosini.

Yintoni le lizwe elinye revolution

Ixesha kaJulayi ezasebukhosini, ebonakala kukuba ngenxa kwimvukelo, eyaziwa ngokuba yeSibini French Revolution, umgaqo-siseko omtsha wavunywa (Charter updated), kwinqanaba eliphezulu iqinisekisa ukuhambelana amalungelo oluntu kwaye lwandisa namagunya ePalamente.

Udidi ephezulu ihlala ngoohlohlesakhe bezindlu zasebukhosini nababenemihlaba omkhulu, kunye ukuba phambi kokuba phantsi kwengcinezelo evela ngabafo feudal, ngoku kukho ingozi kuye ababevela ngezantsi - ukusuka noohlohlesakhe abangaphuhlanga kwaye akhiwa ixesha wabasebenzi. Njengabemi abaqhelekileyo nethuba elingako ukulwela amalungelo abo ePalamente, bayaqhubeka isongela ezingayingozi ukuhleleka kweli lizwe.

Umzabalazo ye alwayo epalamente

Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi kuthi malunga ukufana kakhulu ukwakhiwa wePalamente kunye ukusonga yayo. Iimpawu ze-Julayi ezasebukhosini kanye kule ukuqhubela phambili umzabalazo intraparliamentary kakhulu ezibangelwa ezingangqinelaniyo phakathi kwamaqela awohlukeneyo.

Eliphikisayo, umzekelo, waye awanelisekanga ukwamkelwa koMgaqo-siseko yangaphambili kwifomu ezihlaziyiweyo kunye kwakudinga uhlaziyo epheleleyo. Injongo zazo eziphambili ibikukuseka kwilizwe lovoto kunye nokwandiswa amalungelo oluntu ngakumbi.

Ukwanda izimvo yobusoshiyali

Kule umoya wezepolitiki nokoyika kaJulayi ezasebukhosini waba ngumhlaba ochumileyo ukusasazeka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo imfundiso yobusoshiyali. Kwiminyaka engama-30 lwekhulu XIX, iye yazuza abaxhasi ezininzi enkosi imigudu ngunozala yesikolo socialism nephupha - Count of Saint-Simon. Yena kunye nabalandeli bakhe, eyaziwa ngokuba sensimonistov, wathetha isibheno abantu France nje emva kokuba uloyiso wesibini revolution kunye kule minyaka bafumana ubunzima obukhulu yezopolitiko.

Ukongeza, ukunwenwa iingcinga ukulingana kunye neendlela zokuvelisa negalelo ukuthandwa imisebenzi Proudhon kunye L. Blanca. Ngenxa kaJulayi ezasebukhosini eFransi ngokufuthi lawuzamazamisayo iziphithiphithi enkulu ethandwayo wathabatha inophawu olucacileyo yobusoshiyali.

Zaqalwa ukuqala 30

Zaba kwabonakala zisiba kakhulu ngoNovemba mnye 1830, xa intloko osanda kuqeshwa kurhulumente, uJacques Lafitte wayeza ukuba alungiselele ityala kwabalungiseleli zeKhabhinethi yangaphambili, eyakhiwe kwangethuba kangangoko ebukumkanini uKumkani uCharles X. wazidla

Folk isihlwele ngokuzenzekelayo uvune ngaloo mihla kwizitrato Paris, befuna kubo isohlwayo sokufa, kwaye isigwebo sobomi entolongweni kwakubonakala kubo isivakalisi abayekelelayo. Evela ngokunxulumene nesi sifo baye bazama ukuba niwaxhaphaze ngamaSoshiyali, injongo yayo ukuze akhokele ilizwe revolution elitsha.

amafutha Ifakwe emlilweni, kunye nabaxhasi yokubuyiselwa ulawulo endala kunye nokubekwa umntwana, uHenry V, endihleli ubabalo asiyeke ngukumkani kutshanje wazidla. NgoFebruwari 1831 zilungelelaniswe umboniso, amnike uhlobo inkonzo yomngcwabo uswelekileyo unyaka omnye phambi komnye yindlalifa kwitrone - iNkosana Berry. Nangona kunjalo, esi senzo bafika ngexesha ephosakeleyo, yaye ke izihlwele, bacaphuka, uqoqo lwayo nje ibandla, apho kuthwalelwa phandle, kodwa ke indlu Archbishop.

Le ukuvukela umbuso Louis Philippe

Ngexesha imi--30 ka July ezasebukhosini kubhadula inani yokuvukela ethandwayo. I inkulu kubo yaququzelelwa ngoJuni 1832 e-Paris, amalungu oluntu ofihlakeleyo "amalungelo oluntu", zixhaswa nabafuduki amaninzi amazwe. Bavukeli akha ngothango nkqu wabhengeza lizwe republic, kodwa emva kokuba ezinye imilo ngabavela amabutho karhulumente.

Okunye intetho enkulu eli xesha kwenzeka iminyaka emibini e Sierra Leone. Yavusa ezinzima inyathelo olujoliswe nemibutho yezopolitiko. Kwiintsuku ezintlanu umkhosi gendarmerie wazama ukuba ahlasele ngothango lwakhiwe ngu abasebenzi, xa bathe baphumelela, ifilimu kwizitalato igazi ibonwe.

Ngowe-1839, udlame rhoqo itshayelwe Paris. Baba umqalisi lombutho imfihlelo yezopolitiko, Yayizimele phantsi kwesihloko esithi "Company of the onyaka." Oku kubonisa intiyo yendalo urhulumente nayo abathintela, yaye baphembeleli yayo ubulungisa.

Kokubulawa uKumkani

Ukongeza imiboniso ubunzima ejoliswe kobhukuqo olo iNkosi uLouis-Philippe uncuma kule minyaka kuye ezenziwe ngabantu 7 nzame ubomi bakhe. Eyona idumileyo umbutho Corsican Zhozef Fieski. Ukubulala uPhilip, walungiselela, wakha kwaye ifakwe ngokufihlakeleyo kwi indlela yayo isakhiwo eyodwa eziquka imiphanda umpu 24 ityala.

Xa ukumkani lifika conspirator wakhe wenza ivolibholi namandla, apho Louis-Philippe zange owenzakeleyo, kodwa abantu 12 ukusuka enesihlwele esinzima ezingqonge babulawa yaye abaninzi owenzakeleyo. Nabavukeli wabanjwa ngoko nangoko yaye kungekudala guillotined.

Imfazwe kunye eendaba kunye nabaphathiswa utshintsho

Noko ke, ingozi siphambili ukumkani evela eendaba, apho July ezasebukhosini wamnika inkululeko enkulu kakhulu kuneyokuqala, urhulumente Bourbon. ngamaxesha amaninzi akazange athandabuze ukuba bagxeke ngokuphandle zombini i-Louis-uPhilippe, waza wadala urhulumente. Abazange bayeke izenzo zabo, ukuba alungiselele ngendlela nxamnye sala matyala.

Intlekele eyehlele i-kaJulayi ezasebukhosini esicaciswe ngokucacileyo utshintsho rhoqo ngabalungiseleli kwikhabhinethi, kwaqala ngo-1836. INtloko urhulumente Fransua Gizo kunye Louis uPhilippe ngokwakhe uzama ukufezekisa umsebenzi igunya liphezulu, yaye kwangaxeshanye zokumisa zombini inkcaso yasepalamente kunye iindimbane.

Ngendlela, xa kwimbali yehlabathi kukho imizekelo emininzi ngendlela abalawuli buthathaka kwaye ukuxakwa bazama ukuba ukulibazisa ekuweni ulawulo esekwe utshintsho abasebenzi rhoqo. Kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula i "sizitsibe zolungiselelo", elandulela kokuwa yeNdlu Romanov.

Le meko ezazikho ePalamente

I-Prime Minister for ixesha elide iye uyakwazi ukwenza ngobuchule phakathi kwamaqela, ukubeka phambili ezahlukeneyo ezifunekayo. Hi xikombiso, le nkcaso dynastic ufuna yotshintsho epalamente ukuba wayeza kunikela epalamente ilungelo mababe kwizikhundla ezahlukeneyo kumaziko karhulumente. Kwakhona baphikelela ukwandiswa labavoti kunye nokuqaliswa iindidi yakhe entsha lwabantu.

Nangona ngoonobangela kaJulayi ezasebukhosini baba ukunganeliseki loohlohlesakhe utyekelo zinkuni kurhulumente zangaphambili, bona baye bakwazi ukubeka phambili kokufuna olukhulu.

Okubi kwakunjalo kunye nabameli iphiko ekhohlo kakhulu. Bathi kusungulo kwilizwe lovoto kunye nokusekwa eziliqela eziphathelele amalungelo oluntu, ababebuvile indyebo evela Socialist.

Ulandele isininzi seevoti e zamasekela epalamente abathobelayo kuye, Guizot ngokulula ukumelana nabangenakululama, kodwa inkcaso amazwe, ochazwa lusanda ngakumbi ukunganeliseki ethandwayo, waba namandla. Hayi nje kazwelonke, kodwa amazwi yali kweli lizwe kunyaka ngamnye kwakhula, singenanto ukuba bachase.

ghost uNapoleon kaThixo

Ukuba ezibangela kaJulayi ezasebukhosini ntlekele buxoki isikakhulu ukunqongophala utshintsho ukunganeliseki kwande ubunzima kulindeleke emva kokuba ukubhukuqwa Charles X, ngoko ukuwa ezihlangwini zakhe, uKumkani uLouis-uPhilippe, ubukhulu becala wakhokela ukuthandwa ukuqubula ka uNapoleon Bonaparte.

Ukukhuthaza iingcinga ubuyele kukarhulumente apho kwade indlu yasebukhosini (1814), negalelo elibonakalayo kurhulumente ngokwayo. Uthuthu lakhe isigqibo Corsican enkulu ukuya eParis, kunye nomfanekiso imvelaphi inyuselwa khona phezu umhlathi Vendome, oma embindini eyinkunzi French yaye kuthiwa ndoyilahla ngemipu kwikhompyutha Russian.

nokuphakanyiswa Kubala igama uNapoleon wakhuthaza kananjalo nosaziwayo zoluntu ixesha, ezifana mbali odumileyo Lui Adolf Ter kunye ababhali Pierre-Zhan De Beranger kunye Zhorzh Sand. Ngelo xesha kwi lezopolitiko elundini yonke silhouetted ngokucacileyo ngemfano ngumtshana ka ngongasekhoyo loMlawuli - uCharles Louis uNapoleon.

A kumnombo mlawuli

Njengokuba inzala ka-zithixo jikelele, yena kabini wazama ukuba amandla yimizamo kakuhle nemibutho kwaye eliphakathi yazibandakanya kwasetyenziswa, leyo Louis-Philippe abangazange baqhoboshele nayiphi ukubaluleka okanye wabanjwa umhlaseli lo wabo. Oku yinto nje iphathwa kakhulu.

Nangona kunjalo, le meko kakhulu emva kokuba Louis uNapoleon kwabunjwa malunga ummeli abaninzi kakhulu iqela. Enye iinkokeli zayo lo ungumzekeliso ozise kwezopolitiko abaziwayo xesha Odilon Barrot. Ngesandla sakhe Ukukhanya intshukumo eliphikisayo uthathe uhlobo ekuthiwa-iphulo isidlo.

Umgidi, yaye oko kwaphumela revolution

Kwaba kuqala eParis kunye kamva nakwezinye izixeko eFransi, ukuze ukuba baphule umthetho phezu kwiintlanganiso, nto leyo yafuna abaququzeleli ukuba afumane imvume evela kwabasemagunyeni, zaye zabanjwa umgidi yokwenene kakhulu zoluntu, nto leyo ezisa ndawonye abantu amawaka aliqela.

Babekwa iitafile ngewayini kunye hors d'oeuvres, esalinikwayo imboniselo Assembly, nangona ezininzi, kodwa akuvumelekanga ngumthetho isidlo. Phambi iindwendwe mazigalelwe nezithethi yiwayini, koko lithathe indawo yezintlu eqhelekileyo. Noko Ukuyiqonda isizathu esibangela okwenyaniso imisebenzi, amagunya,, ayikwazanga ukuba nantoni amadlala, kwaye iivoti waba swing ngokupheleleyo.

imithendeleko ezinjalo ezinkulu, hlela abezopolitiko abazizityebi, bamrhola, ekugqibeleni, ukuya elilandelayo le-French Revolution leyo ekhokelele kaFebruwari 24, 1848 Korol Lui-Philippe asiyeke.

Iziphumo kaJulayi ezasebukhosini yonqongophaliselwa isibakala sokuba eli lizwe, esemayo emantloko umongameli yayo yokuqala olwalumiselwe eFransi - Lui Adolf uNapoleon. Nxi ubuya, emva ezimbini imizamo, ekugqibeleni lika weza amandla ngokusebenzisa umthetho, kwaye ezantsi kwimbali waya phantsi igama uNapoleon III.