Ukulungiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Iindlela isicelo nentsimi amanzi

Amanzi - enye zinto zibalulekileyo endalweni. Ngaphandle ayenzi na esiphilayo, enyanisweni, kuba kuyo ukuba kwi planethi yethu. Kumazwe ezahlukeneyo, abantu liyigqibele 30 ukuya 5000 cubic metres yamanzi ngonyaka ngamnye. Ziziphi iingenelo licatshulwa kuyo? Ziziphi iindlela yokwenza nokusebenzisa amanzi apho?

Ngoko konke okungeenxa zonke kuthi

Amanzi - iziyobisi iqhelekileyo emhlabeni, yaye ngokuqinisekileyo hayi wokugqibela emajukujukwini. Kuxhomekeka ekwakhiweni kunye neepropati, oko ngqongqo kwaye kwaselwandle ethambileyo, amtyuba namnandi, ukukhanya, enzima super-enzima.

Le oksayidi hydrogen - compound ezingaphiliyo, ulwelo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, akukho ivumba okanye incasa. Nge esinobukhulu encinane umaleko yi ulwelo ezingenambala neendyebo zalo linokufumana kwaye shades green elinombala.

Ukhuthaza abasabela ezininzi imichiza, uqhu- kubo. Xa amanzi umzimba womntu nama-70%. Ngoxa kwiiseli zonke izilwanyana kunye nezityalo, nto ikhuthaza ukutya, thermoregulation, kunye neminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo.

Xa lithi mathathu ngeenxa zonke kuthi, ngokuthatha inxaxheba kumjikelo lomba endalweni. Xa uhlobo umphunga wamanzi ekhoyo emoyeni. Kulo hits phezu komhlaba kwifomu ye kwezulu (umkhenkce, inkungu, imvula, iqabaka, ikhephu, umbethe kunye ezifana. D.). Iwela imilambo kunye neelwandle ukusuka phezulu, engena apho emhlabeni. Emva kwexesha ukuze amanzi avela kumphezulu, kwakhona oluwe emoyeni nokuvala isangqa.

Eyona resource woMhlaba

Onke amanzi angaphezulu komhlaba umhlaba wethu, kuquka umphunga esesibhakabhakeni simanyene ingqiqo kwehayidrosfere, okanye ibhatyi amanzi. umthamo wayo malunga ne-1,4 million kwiikhilomitha cubic.

Malunga ne-71% livela elwandle - esingxotyeni salo eqhubekayo ojikeleze umhlaba lonke komhlaba. Yahlulahlulwe yaba elwandle Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic, Indiya, uMzantsi (ngokutsho kwezinye zokuhlelwa) iilwandle, iilwandle, zokupaka, ziingxinano, njalo njalo. D. Oceans ugcwalisa amanzi amtyuba engafanelekanga ukuba ukusela.

Zonke amanzi okusela (afreshi) phakathi kwelizwe. Kuyinto% 2.5-3 kuphela ngumthamo opheleleyo le kwehayidrosfere. Le amanzi, imilambo, amanye amachibi, imilambo, umkhenkce ikhephu ezintabeni, amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba. Zisasazwe edyokhweni. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye iindawo ehlabathini kukho iindawo eziyimiqwebedu kakhulu nenkqantosi ukuba akukho amanzi kangangamakhulu eminyaka.

Uninzi lwamanzi acocekileyo ukho ezihambayo. Ke igcine malunga 80-90% woovimba hlabathi zobumnyama balo eli vimba ubaluleke. Ezihambayo zifikelela million 16 ezikwere zeekhilomitha komhlaba, ukuba ezikwiingingqi ezibandayo kanye ezincotsheni zeentaba eziphakamileyo.

Umthombo wobomi

Yamanzi yabonakala on Earth ezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, ukuba akhululwe kulo ekuhambeni ekudibaneni kwemichiza, okanye wafika apha njengenxalenye ezinomsila kunye izijikelezi. Ekubeni yinxalenye yobomi bethu.

Abantu nezilwanyana basele kuyo, wanyisa isityalo iingcambu (okanye namanye amaqumrhu) ukwenzela ukugcina amandla kunye namandla. Inxalenye enkulu ulwelo anikwa emzimbeni kunye izinto ezityiwayo.

Ngokubanzi, abantu kufuneka iilitha 5-10 zamanzi ngosuku, kwaye ulwelo - malunga ezimbini. Izilwanyana kwakunye nezityalo ayisebenzise ngaphezulu. Umzekelo, nemvubu asele iilitha ezimalunga nama-300 ngosuku, malunga imali efanayo oluyimfuneko zomgamtriya.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi asinalo ngokwemvelo kuphela ukuba asele. Kuba eziliqela eziphilayo, yinto yokuhlala. Emilanjeni kunye neelwandle zikhula ulele, intlanzi ephilayo, ezincinane, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, arthropods, ezinye ezincancisayo kunye nezinye izidalwa.

Iindlela Sebenzisa Water

Kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, akukho yimini epheleleyo ngaphandle kwamanzi. Oku ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa oovimba okutsha, inani elinganiselwe kakhulu. izixa Huge kwezibonelelo buguqulelwa echithwe kwikhaya ngexesha zokucoca, ukuhlamba, izitya, ukupheka.

Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi efunekayo nakwezempilo emntwini. Ukulungiselela le njongo, isetyenziswa kuphela ekhaya kodwa zonke izibonelelo zokusebenza, ingakumbi ezibhedlele. Xa amayeza, oku kwakhona kudliwe iibhate zonyango, Oluma, asisule kongezwa nokwakheka amalungiselelo.

Yena zilahleka kunye noshishino. Apha uza Ukugunda e ezininzi iimpawu zayo ezinyibilikayo ezahlukeneyo, nokuba kwezinye izinto ezimanzi, iigesi, okanye ityuwa. Oku kusetyenziswa ukuvelisa oxide acetic acid, zehydrochloric acid, iziseko, utywala, ammonia, njalo njalo. D. ngonyaka kunye namachibi amanzi kunye nemilambo uyarhoxiswa phezu 1000 iikhilomitha cc zempahla ekrwada ukulungiselela iinjongo zoshishino.

ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi lu dityanisiwe imidlalo efana olwenziwe Lula, hockey, ukuqubha, Biathlon, okanye ngesikhephe, ingena, ezemidlalo yamanzi-motor. Kuyimfuneko ukuba abacimi kulimo.

energetics

Enye indawo lwesicelo wamanzi - amandla. Xa izityalo amandla thermal kunye amanzi asetyenzisiweyo ukuze apholise le injini kunye ukuvelisa umphunga. Kuphela ukuba ukuvelisa enye gigawatt kombane izityalo amandla thermal kudla ukusuka 30 ukuya kuma-40 cubic metres yamanzi ngomzuzwana.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwizikhululo ngamanzi ngokusekelwe eminye imigaqo. Apha, umbane yi bomyinge wamanzi yemilambo. Izikhululo ezifakwe kwiindawo zendalo okusenza. Apho umlambo ayikho nje okukhawulezayo, utshintsho ukuphakama esidalwe ngumntu ngoncedo amadama.

Ngo-China, i-Indiya, i-USA, France kunye namanye amazwe ukuze avelise amandla ngokusebenzisa amandla olwandle. Izikhululo ezinjalo (feet) sakhiwa kufuphi nolwandle, apho inqanaba lamanzi itshintshiwe izihlandlo eziliqela ngemini phantsi amanyathelo womxhuzulane inyanzela ilanga nenyanga.

amaza elwandle zinganika amandla. mninzi wabo amandla lingaphezulu umoya asilindi. Izikhululo, amandla ngale ndlela de kancinci. I okokuqala ngo-2008 e-Portugal, kufeza izindlu malunga 1 500. Sekunjalo ubuncinane omnye kwisikhululo kwi UK ku Orkney.

ezolimo

Wokufama akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Oku ikakhulu esetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela, kwakunye nokubonelelwa iintaka kunye nezilwanyana. Kuphela ishumi lamawaka iimazi ezizalayo kusenokufuneka 600 cubic metres yamanzi. On irayisi ukulima kuthatha umlinganiselo Iilitha ezingama-2400 ngokuba iidiliya - 600 litres, kunye neetapile - 200 iilitha.

Inxalenye ngamanzi lokunkcenkceshela amasimi nasemasimini kuyazenzekela ngokohlobo kwezulu. Kwamanye amazwe, ezifana ne-UK, bona akhawunti ukuba esisixa esikhulu samanzi.

Apho imozulu yomile ngakumbi, ukunceda kweenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela. Bavela eMesopotamiya naseYiputa yamandulo. Ukususela ngoko ke ziye zaphucuka ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa andilahlekwanga ukufaneleka kwabo. Irrigation isetyenziswa Asia, Umzantsi Melika naseYurophu. Kwimimandla intaba oko masimu kwiindawo flat - onogumbe.

Resource lokonwaba

Enye izicelo kakhulu mnandi amanzi ukutyiwa ngabantu - kwinqanaba ngokuzonwabisa. Ukonakala ukusuka ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zoncedo ezifana angaphantsi kakhulu ngaphezu kwezinye iindawo. Ngaphezu koko, abantu abaninzi badla ukuba ahambe ngendlela entsha, oko kukuthi, imizimba amanzi zaselwandle.

Iilwandle kunye neelwandle kujikeleziswa beach-egeza iholide. ERashiya, ukuthandwa Black kunye Azov Seas. amadama ezininzi kunika ithuba lokuba uphuhliso ezemidlalo yamanzi, ukukhwela inqanawe kunye izikhephe kwakunye yokuloba.

Kwiindawo apho amanzi kwezimbiwa umdla nje kuphela abo banqwenela ukuba baphumle kodwa ukuphucula impilo yabo. Ngesiqhelo, kwiindawo ezinjalo ibekwe iiholide Spa kunye sanatoriums. amanzi anetyuwa ayegcwele kunye neetyuwa ezahlukeneyo izinto umkhondo, umz, isalfure, nemagnesium, calcium kunye ezifana. D. Kuxhomekeka ekwakhiweni, ukuze enze amalungu ahlukeneyo emzimbeni womntu, ukuphucula intsebenzo yabo.