Theory of impucuko zobulali: ingcaciso ngemvelaphi zeenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo

zobulumko ezininzi abaziintloko mbali baye bafuna ingcaciso lokuqala lophuhliso kwimimandla ngamnye, amazwe, amasiko, yaye abantu ngokubanzi. Le Mboniselo abaphengululi abanomdla ezifana Oswald Spengler, The Schubart, H. Danilevky, F. Northrop, kunye nabanye. Ithiyori omele kakhulu yaye umdla ngamasiko civilizational basebenza Toynbee. imfundiso yakhe impucuko zasekuhlaleni ngokubanzi kungajongwa macrosociology wobugcisa.

Uphando lwakhe, yena waliseka phezu ngoluvo lokuba ngokwenene into zokufunda kufuneka uluntu, nto leyo kufuneka kakhulu kakhulu nesithuba bokuphila kunokuba eziqhelekileyo kumazwe abo. Loo uluntu - impucuko yasekuhlaleni.

Ingaba neenkcubeko impucuko kukho ngaphezu 20. Ezi ziquka Russian Western Orthodox, baseByzantium Orthodox, Antique, amaNdiya, Arabic, yaseSamariya, IsiTshayina, umYiputa, sehlathi, Mexican, amaHeti kunye nezinye izizwe. Toynbee ligxile ezintlanu 'igade "kunye neempucuko ezine elalifumanayo kuphuhliso - momadicheskaya, Eskimo, Spartan kunye Ottoman. Ndiyamangala ukuba kutheni ezinye iinkcubeko abaphuhlisa dynamically, ngoxa abanye bayeke kuphuhliso manqanaba yalo yokuqala.

Imvelaphi ethile ayikwazi kungachazwa ngempembelelo azimeleyo afana bume eendawo, isibaluli ngokobuhlanga, ukuba ngqwabalala okanye iimeko zivuma, kwaye ubukho kuluntu zegcuntswana yoyilo. Imfundiso impucuko zasekuhlaleni uthi kuphela iqela apho kukho ezininzi ezi zinto zidibene ukuba nokuguquguquka ngokwenkcubeko civilizational. Kuluntu apho ezi meko ayifumaneki, uhlale kwinqanaba dotsivilizatsionnom. Umzekelo, ngcathu ukuze bume kusoloko ndiya kumphosa kungumngeni kwibutho ngokwenza iingxaki ezifuna ukuba siqonde kwaye ukujongana nokusetyenziswa ubuchule bokuyila. Le uluntu uhlala phezu kumgaqo umnxeba-umva kwaye usoloko phambili, ngenxa yokuba uyayazi akukho ukuphumla. Ngoko ke, oko ekugqibeleni iya kudala inkcubeko impucuko.

Imfundiso impucuko wendawo ubonisa ukuba imbali yabantu ibonwa nje imbali eqhelekileyo kwiinkcubeko impucuko uya kusukela ekuzalweni - ngesifingo - ukuhla - ukunyamalala. Ngamnye kubo wahlukile. Iimpawu impucuko - yinto elakha ubuchule kuyo wambumba iintlobo yokuqala ubomi bokomoya kwakunye umbutho kwezoqoqosho, kwezentlalo nezopolitiko.

Enye inkcubeko impucuko sobulali ukwenza ezinye. Umzekelo, yaMandulo Greece kukhokelele ukuvela entshonalanga, Russian Orthodox mihla iinkcubeko Greek Orthodox. Ukuba impucuko ulahlekelwa ezingundoqo yayo zenkcubeko bokudala, ekhokelela ekufeni kwalo. Isiko athembisayo, logama nje aphendule ngokufanelekileyo imingeni zangaphandle ezisongela kwawo.

Imfundiso impucuko zengingqi Toynbee ubiza ukushiya "zapadnotsentristskih" izimvo kwaye ayeke kuqwalaselwa zesiko Akukwazi kwibutho Western kwaye abanakwanela inqubo yakhe, "ngasemva" okanye "singamaqaba".