Ngubani owavela mifanekiso? anika umdla

Sijamelene ngefoyile ye phantse yonke imihla, ngokufuthi ngaphandle kwaye iqaphela kuyo. Kwenzeka zemihla ngemihla kunye nobugcisa. Eyokuqala isetyenziselwa kwiipakethe zemveliso, ukuvelisa imiqulwana blister tablet, kaJohn inyama kunye nemifuno. It is non-ezingenabungozi, esha kwaye igcina ubushushu kakuhle kakhulu. Elesibini lisetyenziswa elektroniki kunye noshishino. ngefoyile ye olunjalo zeplastiki, kwaye ubushushu eliphezulu oshushu le reflectivity.

Ngubani owavela mifanekiso? Ukuba mawuye kubani xa yenzekile ukuguqula isiziba metal kwi ezicekethekileyo iphepha, sheet?

Inyaniso nangeyonyani

Ngamanye amaxesha ungafumana kukhankanya yokuba kukaPercy Spencer owavela alumuniyam eliqinileyo. Enyanisweni ayikho njalo. Ngokutsho legend, uPercy Spencer wasungula lo oven, xa waphawula ukuba ukufakwa magnetron linyibilike a ilekese bar epokothweni yakhe. Kodwa chocolate nje eyayibhijelwa kwi-aluminiyam eneli, nekusenokwenzeka ukuba negalelo kwinkqubo ubushushu.

Kodwa owasungula ngefoyile, ngokwenene? Enyanisweni, iimbono diverge ngokupheleleyo. Eyokuqala yaba igolide, ikwabizwa ngokuba igolide yaba zizixwexwe ezicekethekileyo. Kubonakele ixesha elide, nkqu amaGrike amandulo neJiphutha. Oku kungenxa yokuba igolide - le ductile kakhulu kunye nentsimbi oluthambileyo, oko kukuthi, mcaba ube iphepha mncane kakhulu ayikho nzima. Sasilisebenzisela ukuhombisa izacholo negolide.

EJapan, inkosi olu bambiswano ololulele iqhekeza ngegolide, wada yaba ngefoyile ye lwegqabi. Xa amagqabi zibhityile kakhulu, akukho liyajiya 0.001 mm, le mifanekiso kwakhona bamtyabula phakathi kweengqimba kwephepha. Le art ikhona kuphela eJapan kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi.

Gold ngefoyile ye Usenokude apho. Kushishino ukutya kwawo i additive E175, isetyenziselwa ukuhombisa izitya ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ice cream.

Ngoku ke igolide uxatyiswa hayi kuphela ixabiso abo, kodwa conductivity yayo zombane ephakamileyo ukuxhathisa umhlwa. Kwaye kubalulekile ukuba umgangatho ikharakhtha eyahlulayo.

Ngubani owavela mifanekiso? Eneneni, imveliso aluminiyam unembali ende kwaye impikiswano. Yaba ongukhokho ifoyile, ngefoyile, nesetyenziswa ngokubanzi de kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ekwenziweni yezibuko, xa zipakishwa ngayo iimveliso kunye bamazinyo. Kodwa ngefoyile ye yetyhefu yaye nevumba elibi kakhulu inkcenkce, ngoko akazange athathe kwishishini kokutya.

yenziwe brilliant

Ngubani owavela mifanekiso? izinto ezinomdla Ndithi ngale "ubuchule" njengeyabo. Ngowe-1909, injineli eselula Zurich, uRobert Victor Neher, ababesongamela ibhaloni uhlanga ngamazwe kunye nabalandeli weva phikisa malunga nokuba ngabaphi na iinqwelo- iza kuhlala ixesha elide emoyeni. Neeru lafika kum ukuba yoko elingcono uza malini kugubungela ibhaluni isilika kunye maleko ubhityileyo ngefoyile ye-aluminiyam.

Ngelishwa, ibhaluni lwakhiwe iprojekthi Neher, ayikwazanga ukubaleka kwazo. Kodwa umatshini ukuba imveliso oonotsheluza zintle aluminiyam, okt i-alumuniyam eliqinileyo, uye wakha kakade. Emva kwetyala kunye isiphoso, ngoncedo oogxa (uEdwin Lauberta kunye Alfreda Gryuma), Neeru wakwazi ukuba baphumelele. I-patent ekuveliseni ngefoyile ye-aluminiyam safunyanwa-Oktobha 27, 1910.

Neher kunye Factory Chocolate

I kuqala siqonde iingenelo ye impahla confectioners ezintsha. Ngaphambi koko, amaqhekeza itshokolethi ithengwa ubunzima. Ezinye izimvo diverge. Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi ukuba isivumelwano sokuqala sonikezelo ngefoyile ye vulindlela waqukumbela Tobler chocolate mveliso. Abanye bathi ukusetyenziswa ngefoyile ye-aluminiyam thelekelwayo kwi "Nestle" ukukhusela abathengi ukusuka tshokoleti zaphela. Abanye bedumisa ingcamango ambala chocolate kulo mbandela Franklin Mars, Mars mveliso umnini. urhangqo-aluminium yaba yimpumelelo sunguleni lobuchwepheshe usomashishini. Kwi-US, kuba ixesha lokuqala ngefoyile ye lusongelweyo ilekese saver Life ngo-1913.

Ngoko enyuka kunye mifanekiso? Abanye bathi ukuba yenziwe Tomas Edison, iilekese yakhe ayithandayo akukho ngokukhawuleza kangaka konakalisa.

Kamva, le mifanekiso yayisetyenziselwa ukuba ukupakisha amayeza, icuba, neoli, ikofu yaye juice. Kwakukho abhaliweyo zokuqala ngefoyile ye yasekhaya ukupakisha nantoni na.

izinto umbala

Ngoko emva bonke, owasungula mifanekiso? De namhlanje, yinto indawo moot. Yinto eyaziwayo nje ukuba ngo-1915 Neher wasungula indlela yokwenza ngefoyile ye multi-elimbala. Kodwa ngo-1918 awathunyelwa emkhosini, apho wafela ukusuka umkhuhlane Spanish 27 Novemba kulo nyaka. Kodwa ingcamango yakhe zange shwaka, yaye ngowe-1933, Conrad uKurtz painiya indlela meko. Le ndlela ukusebenzisa zeendawana aluminiyam thinnest maleko uniform yegolide. Le mifanekiso isetyenziselwa indlela sokunyathela eshushu. KweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kunye nokwehla epheleleyo kwezoqoqosho kwanyanzeleka kubavelisi ukutshintsha umaleko zegolide yokwenene phezu umaleko ivanishi emthubi nesinqe sisinyithi. Ngoko ngefoyile ye multi-bala maxesha. iintlobo umbala kunye nemveliso ezitshiphu engandiswanga imihlaba yaloo mbandela.

enye indaba

Umba isekho: owasungula mifanekiso? Kukho enye inguqulo bembonakalo yayo, kwaye akukho edibene iibhaloni kunye namashishini athengisa icuba. Kudla ukuba ukufunyanwa owenzeka abantu abaliqela phantse ngaxeshanye. kwenkulungwane yama-20 Phambi, cigar etshaya Igcwele ukukhusela ukusuka tin ukufuma zizixwexwe. Richard Reynolds, ngoko ukusebenza kumzi-mveliso yecuba kayisekazi, thelekelwayo ukuba izakusetyenziswa endaweni-aluminiyam itoti, ingubo cheap and kulula. Sampula lokuqala ngefoyile ye-aluminiyam wenza ngo 1947.

Ngefoyile ye kunye Lotus

Aprili 16, 2015 izazinzulu aseJamani isaziso wayila of material awunamatheli kulwelo, kule meko - iyogurt. Entsha impahla - alumuniyam eliqinileyo isale nemingxuma obungabonakaliyo apho umoya iyaqokelelwa kwaye ayiniki ulwelo ukuba ngaphakathi. Le ngcamango, izazinzulu ziye ndawonye igqabi kwemitholo, leyo nebagxothayo amanzi kunye nokungcola.

Iinkampani Japanese zilungele ukusebenzisa wayila lokuziqhelanisa, ukuphuhlisa ezineziciko ezikhethekileyo yeyogathi.