Njani cell-luvo? Iiseli ze-nervous system

Umzimba womntu ubunjwe ezigidi Iiseli zobuchopho yedwa iqulethe malunga ne-100 ezigidi iiseli zemithambo-luvo, imilo kunye nobukhulu ezahlukeneyo. Umbuzo ngulo: njani yeseli luvo, nendlela yohlukile kwezinye iiseli emzimbeni?

Izixhobo iiseli ukuzinza

Njengezininzi ezinye iiseli zomzimba womntu, iiseli zemithambo-luvo kufuneka nucleus. Kodwa xa kuthelekiswa nabanye, bahlukile, njengoko ube amasebe elide, umsonto-ezifana ekukhutshwa azilawule luvo.

Iiseli ze-nervous system ziyafana kwabanye, njengokuba naye engqongwe inwebu yeseli, abe engundoqo equlathe zofuzo kukho icytoplasm, mitochondria kunye nezinye organelles. Bona inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zeselula angundoqo ezifana protein amagama kunye imveliso yezamandla.

Luvo eyenza luvo

Le luvo ibandakanya luvo. Nerve - inyanda iiseli zemithambo-luvo. iiseli zemithambo-luvo sikhupha ulwazi oluthile, ngokuba neuron. Idatha ukuba idluliselwe kwi-luvo, ekuthiwa azilawule-luvo. Kanye amaza zombane zidluliselwa iinkcukacha ngesantya esiphezulu ngeyona ndlela. Nika uphawu nkqi axons zemithambo-luvo, ekhethekileyo camera myelin esingxotyeni.

Eliqokobe iquka Umzobo wesi ezifana Ipeyinti eplastikini iingcingo zombane kwaye ivumela zizimvo luvo ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza. Yintoni neuron? Uphethe imilo okhethekileyo ekuvumela ukuba angadlulisela uphawu ukusuka kwenye kwiseli uye kwenye. A neuron ibandakanya zizahlulo ezithathu eziphambili: umzimba yeseli, luvo kunye nobuninzi yemithambo-single.

iintlobo luvo

Luvo zikholisa zihlelwa ngokusekelwe indima abayidlalayo emzimbeni. Kukho iindidi ezimbini ezisisiseko luvo - i ngokoluvo kunye motor. luvo Ukudideka kuqhuba zizimvo luvo emazikweni sensory kunye nezibilini kwisistim luvo (CNS). Motor iiseli zemithambo-luvo, phezu koko, athwale iminqweno luvo ukusuka CNS ukuya amalungu, amadlala kunye nezihlunu.

iiseli luvo zicwangciswe ukuze zombini iindidi luvo ukusebenza kunye. luvo Ukudideka athwale ulwazi malunga nokusingqongileyo lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle. Ezi nkcukacha zisetyenziselwa ukuthumela imiyalezo nge-luvo neyezihlunu uxelele umzimba ngendlela kufuneka baphendule ulwazi.

synapse

Indawo apho Umzobo wesi of neuron enye igcwalisa luvo lwe kwesinye ubizwa ngokuba yi i synapse. Luvo banxibelelane nabanye esebenzisa inkqubo electrochemical. Xa indlela kufika imichiza ebizwa neurotransmitters.

umzimba weseli

Le fowuni iseli luvo kufuna ubukho kwi kumzimba ngumongo yeseli kunye nezinye organelles. Luvo kunye axons udityanisiwe umzimba yeseli, sifunda imitha elangeni eziphuma. I-luvo bafumana eyenza ezinye iiseli zemithambo-luvo. Axons adlulisele amaza luvo ezinye iiseli.

Omnye neuron ukuze amawaka luvo, ngoko ke ukunxibelelana amawaka ezinye iiseli. Umzobo wesi myelin camera esingxotyeni - maleko olunamafutha Ozahlulayo kwaye ivumela ukuba angadlulisela umqondiso ngokukhawuleza.

mitochondria

Ukuphendula umbuzo ukuba akhe indlela iseli luvo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba element onoxanduva unikezelo lwamandla metabolic, ezinokukwazi ngokulula kulahlwa. Kule nkqubo, indima ephambili edlalwa mitochondria. Ezi organelles banendlela inwebu zabo zangaphezulu kwaye ngaphakathi.

Lo mthombo uphambili wamandla kuba luvo yi iswekile. Mitochondria ziqulathe enzayim ezifunekayo ukuguqula iswekile ibe iikhompawundi-amandla osisityebi, ikakhulu kwi triphosphate adenosine molecule (ATP), nto leyo ke kuthuthwa kwezinye iindawo zomzimba ezifuna amandla abo.

core

Inkqubo ezimbaxa kwisuntswana protein amagama iqala esiseleni nucleus. neuron abayingxenye iqulethe inkcazelo yemfuza ukuba igcinwe njenge imigca khowudi ye deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Nganye molecule DNA iqulethe ikhowudi yezofuzo kuzo zonke iiseli zomzimba.

Iqala kwinkqubo core lokwakha iimolekyuli protein, ngokubhala inxalenye kokufanayo ikhowudi DNA ngenxa molekyuli oluncedisanayo of ribonucleic acid (RNA). Kukhululwa ngumongo ukuya kulwelo extracellular, ukuba ukuqala inkqubo yokuqaphela protein, nimiyo zithathe inxaxheba ukuze ngokuba nucleoli. Esi sakhiwo eyahlukileyo ngaphakathi undoqo, inoxanduva lokwakha izakhiwo eziphilayo, ekuthiwa ribosomes, ebandakanyekileyo leeprothini yokuqaphela.

Ngaba uyazi ukuba ukwakha indlela kwiseli-luvo?

Luvo - yeyona iiseli ezininzi ziphila njengoko kwaye elide emzimbeni! Ezinye zazo zigcinwa emzimbeni womntu phezu ebomini. Ezinye iiseli kufa, ukuba indawo ezintsha, kodwa luvo abaninzi ayikwazi indawo. Nge ubudala, baba mbalwa kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko ibinzana ukuba iiseli zemithambo-luvo musa ukuntshula. Noko ke, ezi zifundo ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 zingqina okwahlukileyo. Kwenye iindawo ingqondo, Hippocampus, luvo entsha ikhule abadala.

Iiseli ube mkhulu kakhulu kwaye ube ubude iimitha ezimbalwa (corticospinal kunye afferent). Ngowe-1898, enye ingcali eyaziwa-kakuhle luvo Kamillo Goldzhi ingxelo zophando lwakhe - isixhobo iribhoni-like, begxininisa kwi-luvo kwi kwiCerebellum. ngoku Esi sixhobo ithwala igama umdali wayo yaye yaziwa ngokuba "izixhobo Golgi".

Ukusuka ukwakha indlela iseli luvo, kufuneka kuchazwe nakwicandelo esisiseko zesakhiwo komsebenzi e-nervous system, ukufunda imigaqo elula enokunceda isitshixo ekusombululeni iingxaki ezininzi. Oku kusebenza kakhulu kwinkqubo yawo luvo, nto leyo iquka amakhulu ezigidi iiseli ezihambelanayo.