Umlenze weselula kunye nendima yayo yemvelo

Namhlanje, kubantu abaninzi, akusiyo imfihlo ukuba iimbumba zikhonkco eziphambili ekulawuleni iinkqubo ze-biochemical kwiseli. Ngenxa yeembalo ze-biological, i-homeostasis yangaphakathi igcinwa ngaphakathi kweseli. I-membrane yeseli ikhetha ngokukhethekileyo umlinganiselo wokungena kwamacandelo e-biological kwi cell, kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-enzyme kunye ne-vectors kuyo. Ukongezelela, esi sakhiwo sinesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sezinto eziphilayo esinika ingqiqo, inguqu, kunye nokutshintshwa kolwazi oluvela ngaphandle kwiseli.

I-membrane yesellu isakhiwo esenza iiseli kunye ne-intracellular organelles (i-lysosomes, i-mitochondria, i- complex Gorgi , njl.). Isitye ngasinye sisistim seembrane ezakhiwe kwiitulules, iipokotshi kunye nemithombo. Iimbumba ze-Biological - amacwecwe amancinci (60-70%) yeepoprotein kunye ne-glycoprotein. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iiseli zentsholongwane kunye nezityalo, ngokungafani nezilwanyana, azikwazi ukuguqula umumo wazo, ekubeni zijikelezwe ngodonga oluninzi lweselula. I- membrane yeselwanyana yezinto zityalo ziquka i-polysaccharides, iibhaktheriya ezivela kwi-monosaccharides, i-amino ashukela, i-lipids kunye nama-amino acids.

Isakhiwo se membrane yeseli.

Izixhobo eziphambili zeembrane zeseli zi-lipids (60-70%) - i-phosphatidylcholine, i-phosphatidylethanolamine, i-sphingomyelin kunye ne-cholesterol. I-cholesterol yenza iimbumba ze-biological ziqine, ngoko iimbumba kunye ne-concentrations encinci ye-cholesterol yinyuka kakhulu. Iiprotheni ze-membrane zimelelwa yi-lipoprotein kunye ne-glycoprothein complexes (30-35%). I-membrane yeselwana encinci iqulethe i-carbohydrates ekwakheni i-glycoproteins, i-glycolipids kunye ne-glycosaminoglycans (5-10%). Ukubunjwa kweembrane zeseli kubandakanya iincinci ezincinci (i-nucleic acids, i-antioxidants, ions inorganic, i-coenzymes, njl.). Iimbumba zePlasma zihlobene kunye kwaye zenze i-single epheleleyo kunye neembumba ze-intracellular ze-endoplasmic reticulum (reticulum). Ukubunjwa kwe-reticulum kubandakanya i-grranular and agranular membranes ye- endoplasmic reticulum, eyahlula indawo yangaphakathi yeseli kwiindawo ezininzi. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yolawulo lwezothutho lwe-intracellular yezinto kunye nokuhamba kweenkqubo ze-metabolic.

Imisebenzi yeselfelesi yeseli.

Iimbrane zeseli zinika umsebenzi okhuselekileyo obonakalisa ngendlela ekhethiweyo, ekulawulwa kwe-metabolism kunye nendalo. Ngenxa yobuchule bokukhetha, kuphela izinto ezisezingeni elithile zingangena ngaphakathi kwiseli.

Umsebenzi wezothutho wee-biomembrane uqinisekisa ukudluliselwa kwezondlo kwiiseli kunye nokususwa kwe-metabolites yokugqibela. I-membrane yeseli ibandakanyeka ekugcineni i-pH ephezulu. Ezi zixhobo ezingenakuwela i-bilipidic layer, zingena ngoncedo lweeprotheni eziphathekayo kunye ne-endocytosis. Ukwenziwa kweentlobo ezingapheliyo zezinto ngaphakathi kwiseli kunokubakho ukusabalalisa. Ukuthutha okusebenzayo kwezizinto kwenziwa ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwipompo ye-potassium-sodium.

Umsebenzi we-matrix weembrane ngenxa yokuchasana ethile kunye nokuqhelaniswa kweeprotheni ze membrane. Iindonga zeseli zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunikezeni umsebenzi womatshini, kunye nezinto eziphakathi kwezilwanyana. Umsebenzi we-receptor ngenxa yobukho beeprotheyini ezikhethekileyo ezikulo mgca wesellu.

Umsebenzi we-enzymatic of membranes ze-biological unxulumene neeprotheni ze-membrane kunye ne-enzymes. Ngokomzekelo, iimbumba ze-plasma zeeseli ze-epithelial (iiseli ze-epithelial zamathumbu) ziqukethe i-enzyme yokutya.