Esinye sazo Nuclear - enye iisimboli inkqubela yenzululwazi?

1945 kwaphawulwa kuphela ngoloyiso Amanyeneyo kwesesibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi phezu lwamaNazi Germany kunye namahlakani ayo, kodwa noko omnye isiganeko esibalulekileyo. Ezimbini imizi Japanese ababeziwisile zibhombu nje ezimbini, enye ngalinye. Uluntu singene kwixesha elitsha. Oko laqala eli yobudala yenyukliya.

A ibhombu yenyukliya kunye negama "Inkwenkwana 'funny yaba intlawulo yokuqala adalwe zesayensi, ekwaziyo ebangela intshabalalo omkhulu kotshaba isicelo ngempumelelo ekulweni. moya Historic B-29, ukwenza lo msebenzi, ukuba kuyimfuneko American Museum of Aviation kunye Astronautics na, xa nebhodi yakhe duralumin olukhazimlisiweyo sibhalwe igama umthetheli-unina inqanawa, Enola Gay, njengalo mzekelo. Agasti 6 Punch yokuqala neyesibini ngeentsuku ezintathu, kuye kwenziwe isixeko Nagasaki. Le iibhombu zenyukliya kwakhona waba negama funny - "Fat Man".

Ezabo yokuqala libekelwe lilula kakhulu, "kunaso" umgaqo. A mass supercritical of uranium yafakwa nesiqu isijungqe zokudubula evela imipu emkhombeni kaThixo, yaye breech yoyalo, ukudala kuyimfuneko ukuze ukuvela sokungamelani nomxokelelwane itywina yayo. esinye sazo Nuclear waba ubude beemitha ezintathu, anobunzima ezine, ubunzima alwayo isigxina uranium yaba ngeekhilogram 64, apho ngayo grams malunga 700 kuphela. Ke ezinye ubunzima iingalo ndaphants ukusuka iqhekeza uthe umphanda, iqokobhe, ekwenzeni, iifyuzi kunye nezinye izinto eziziisekondari.

ukusebenza Low, baza ibhombu yenyukliya yaba ingunobangela elincinane ngokwentelekiso zeradiyoloji kungcoliseko lomhlaba kunye ezincinci kolu didi izixhobo amandla etshabalalisayo, kulinganiswa xa amawaka eetoni TNT kwakufuneka kwabanga umonakalo. I 'kid "kwakumalunga-15 000 tonnes. Kuba kuthelekiswa - i payload iphezulu iyafana "Superfortress" B-29 yaba etoni 9. iminyaka emine enesiqingatha yale bomber kuya kufuneka ukuba benze nokuhlasela yonke imihla ukuba utshaba malunga ekutshabalaleni.

Uluntu ebesoloko afune phezulu kwaye phambili, sizama ukudlula ngokwayo, ngokukodwa kwinkalo kwezixhobo ngenxa yokwaphuka zonke izinto eziphilayo. Stauros TNT okulingana, basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha "sekhombuya" kunye nezinye izisombululo luli ukuphucula umlinganiselo Effects 'luncedo' yezixhobo atomic.

Le apogee amandla atshabalalisayo adalwe zesayensi, waba "imveliso AN 602". Ingekuko ukuba kwakungenakwenzeka ukwenza into ngakumbi eyoyikekayo, ungenza nje uzive bekuya kuba ndawo.

Ezabo yenyukliya inamandla kwimbali isithethe nazo got igama layo, nangona ngokungacwangciswanga, "gruel" okanye "Kuzka". Yeyona ukudalwa zonke iintlobo zezidalwa ezisemngciphekweni ukubonisa baseMerika NS Khrushchev, kwaye ngexesha XXII Congress of the CPSU (1961) wasigcina isithembiso sakhe.

Ekuqaleni, njenge "bang" of megatons 100, kodwa wazisola Norilsk Iron neMisebenzi Steel. Sivumile kwisiqingatha elingana. ubude sazo - elinambini eemitha ubukhulu - emibini enesiqingatha, umzimba uhlala efanayo, ukususela stomegatonnoy kwaye bombolyuk eqhelekileyo Tu-95 okungalungelaniyo, kwafuneka ukuba usike kancinci kungqameko uze ususe inxitywe elunkontshweni. Le nguqu ithe zangaphaya kobesikulindele, okubulala saa kuwo wonke umhlaba izihlandlo ezithathu.

Noko ke, kamva kwacaca ukuba ukuqhushumba yasemkhosini enjalo enyukliya akufuneki, ukunikezelwa yayo kujoliswe kuyingxaki, elifuna ukuba izityholo ezinamandla kangako kunokubangela umonakalo elichasayo ngaphezu kwesinye yesiqalo ingxilimbela.

Kuyathenjwa ukuba imbali ungquzulwano yenyukliya kwaye ukugqiba iziqhushumbisi ezimbini zokuqala befaka 1945.