Constellation Canis Major: History neenkwenkwezi

I-ikhweyitha lasemzantsi lizele amaqashiso beenkwenkwezi eziqaqambileyo. Canis Major - incinane kakhulu (leyo uyaphikisana igama), kodwa ke umlaza umdla kakhulu, nto leyo ifumaneka e-ikhweyitha esemazantsi. Ukuqaqamba yenziwe ngohlobo lokuba likhupha ukukhanya amabini amaxesha onamandla ngaphezu kwelanga. Umgama ukusuka kwiplaneti uMhlaba ukuya Canis Major yi isibhozo kunye nesiqingatha sesigidi -iminyaka elula.

Indawo imilindo yeenyanga esibhakabhakeni ebusuku

Canis xa uqhuba ngosuku lingaphumi phezulu lé, ngoko kunokuthi kubonwe esibhakabhakeni ayikho lide kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, oku zincitshiswe kukuba wayifumana esibhakabhakeni ilula. Constellation Sirius ise kwinxalenye kumzantsi-mpuma, ecaleni kwamanye ngakhanyi kakhulu umlaza Orion. Kumantla lekroza Canis Major into erhangqwe ngummelwane edakumbile - Inyathi. Iqhele ngaphezu "Alpha Canis" - constellation of Procyon. Bukela naye okusemandleni ukususela ngoDisemba ukuya kuJanuwari.

abamelwane Southern

South of Sirius na Dove neFula. Kwezi kwamaqoqo, ngelishwa, akukho iinkwenkwezi eqaqambileyo, ndenjenjalo ukumkhonza njengemilinganiselo ukufumana esibhakabhakeni ebusuku into efana lekroza Canis Major, akakwazi. Kodwa ukufumana nje ngokusekelwe kulwazi ngasentla.

Iintsomi malunga nemvelaphi namakroza

Hypergiants Big Dog Star Sirius bakhonza njengesiseko ngokuyila umlaza macala. Iintsomi ngemvelaphi wezikhanyiso sivela maxesha amandulo. Abantu esababonayo kulo umfanekiso wenja ukuba ekugqibeleni iyanyengezwa yonke umlaza enye. Sirius ukhankanywa ngamaYiputa, amaGrike, Roma, Inca, Aztecs, Mayans kunye Middle East Far iintlanga. E China amandulo, iqatshelwe into yokuba i "dya yasezulwini" ogama Tien-Lang. Iinkwenkwezi Southern baba isaphetha sakhe nangeentolo, ngazo wayebulewe Tien Lang ngoko wazikrazula umlawuli.

Noko ke, ukuthandwa mkhulu safunyanwa ilejendi yamandulo ngalo inkwenkwezi.

Yamandulo intsomi yesiGrike Icarus

Kwase kwe iinkwenkwezi kunye namakroza lonke amaGrike amandulo ayekholelwa inja. Noko ke, kukho intsomi eziphambukileyo, kwaye uyakwazi ukufunda kangangoko iingcamango ezimbini ngemvelaphi Sirius.

Ngokutsho kwinguqulelo yokuqala, uthixo yayinguDionysus wanika umalusi Icaria iidiliya umdiliya omlingo kuba ababhacayo-uthixo yiwayini ebusuku. YayinguDionysus wambonisa ukuba akhule ngayo iidiliya nokwenza iwayini emnandi. Olu lwazi Ikari wathi kubo bonke abantu ekuhambeni kwakhe. malusi Omnye waba saseAttica, yaye incasa iwayini ezenziwa ngabahlali bendawo. Noko ke, akazange aqonde ukuba abazange baye bazama incasa iwayini njalo enxila kunene. Ukwenza isigqibo ukuba Icarus wayefuna ukubonakalisa kubo, baba lugcwabevu ngumsindo baza bambulala. Emva lesi ulwaphulo bubugqwirha bantu iye yanyamalala ezintabeni kungcwatywa umzimba. Intombi umalusi waya kufuna kayise. Kuyinto kuphela inja othembekileyo Maira intombazana wafumana indawo apho abantu kungcwatywa umzimba wakhe. Xa kufanelekile lithemba, yena waxhonywa emthini ekufutshane.

I nomsindo uthixo yayinguDionysus, uMenzi iwayini nomsindo ithunyelwe kubahlali sifo Attica. Kuphela kwiminyaka emininzi kamva ngoncedo kwezithethe nemibingelelo abantu bakwazi ukuba sicele uxolelo kuThixo.

EMira inja, umalusi Ikaria Dionysos kunye nentombi yakhe ufakwe kwi zezulu njengeenkwenkwezi. Ukususela ngoko, kwakukho lekroza Canis Major, Bootes kunye Virgo.

Yamandulo intsomi yesiGrike OREON

Enye ilejendi yamandulo ubalisa ngumzingeli ngenkalipho. OREON (ngokutsho kwezinye iinguqulelo igama lakhe Actaeon) ngengozi wafumanisa ageza kumthombo obandayo yesithixokazi uArtemis. Ngokwendalo, inkwenkwe iyayithanda ubuhle nguThixo uthixokazi ze. Luvalo Artemis wajika ihlwempu OREON nezamaxhamakazi, leyo; ndanahlula inja yakhe. Loo nto iye ekugqibeleni ngere- le umlaza Canis Major.

izazi zamandulo

Naxa eYiputa yamandulo, ababingeleli abaninzi yeetempile esweni ukufukuka Sirius kusasa. Esi siganeko kudala elindelwe iphawulwe kwezikhukhula loMnayile nokuqala kwehlobo (injikalanga ehlotyeni). Le ngeenkwenkwezi laseYiputa yamandulo kwathiwa inkwenkwezi SOPT.

Igama ngokwayo imvelaphi zamandulo zamaGrike. Igama elithi "sirios" lithetha "ezikrelekrele." Noko ke, amaRoma ngokuba inkwenkwezi "ikhefu", gama elo elithetha "inja". Nokufika Sirius waqalisa ixesha kwelanga kunye nobushushu zingenakunyamezeleka, izifo asakhulayo. Ngoko ke, kwizikolo baseRoma kwaye savelisa ebizwa ngokuba "ikhefu" - ". Iintsuku inja" imihla yokuphumla, nto leyo engafunwa iguqulelwe nje njengoko

Ngaphezu amawaka amahlanu izazi umva bamaSumeri, abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi kunye nababingeleli ezinxulumene dog Sirius 'kwelanga. " Yaba inkwenkwezi lekroza Canis Major itsale ingqalelo ubukhulu kwaye waba lixhoba noqikelelo eziliqela, kunye neenkolelo baya.

ucaphulo ephathelele kwenkwenkwezi Sirius

Constellation Canis Major uKlawudiyo Ptolemy yaqukwa kwi kwikhathalogu odumileyo ngeenkwenkwezi "Almagest". Apho kwathiwa Dog.

Arat imbongi, owayephila ngenkulungwane yesithathu BC, ekuthiwa Sirius bebala. A, neciko uCicero yamaRoma, Yeremiya i Arata umbongo yesiLatini, wabonisa ukuba "inja eshushu likhanya ngeenyawo ukukhanya elibomvu-segolide, ebonisa ukukhanya iinkwenkwezi." Imbongi laseRoma Horace uthi "red sibange Hot Dog oqingqiweyo isisidenge." Seneca kwakhona abhale malunga Sirius njengenye izinto isithuba kakhulu umdla engaqhelekanga.

star kabini okanye iinkwenkwezi ezimbini?

Age Sirius, ngokutsho uqikelelo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukusukela elinamanci amabini amathathu ukuya kwiminyaka engamakhulu amabini anamashumi amahlanu ezigidi. Ihamba ngesantya phantse ezisibhozo iimitha yesibini kwicala le nkqubo elanga ngalinye, ngoko ke ukukhanya elikhangeleka Sirius phezu ixesha ngakumbi xa uzibuka Earth. Namhlanje, siyibona nge emhlophe; yaye kumphezulu wayo ubushushu ifikelela izinyuko ishumi lamawaka. izazi Arab, ngokumangalisayo, ukhankanya ezintlanu kuphela iinkwenkwezi ezibomvu, kunokuba ezintandathu.

Isazi ngeenkwenkwezi Camille Flammarion eFransi bathi "Almagest" translation alunalo, njengoko uCicero, Seneca kunye Horace wasebenzisa "ukukhanya okubomvu" isikweko ngenxa kwiinkcazo zakhe enkondlo.

Noko ke, oko kuthathwa ukuba la manani lidala ingabonanga lekroza Canis Major ebomvu. Izazi Arab ziye nje uhlele "Almagest" ngokungqinelana umbala Sirius ekupheleni kwenkulungwane AD yokuqala. It ngokwenene ukuba, njengokuba kumakhulu eminyaka, ezinye iinkwenkwezi ukutshintsha iqondo lobushushu komhlaba kunye ayenechaphothi isici. Kungenxa yoko le nto Camille Flammarion wavakalisa eqonda ukuba elidityaniswe kuyo yisathelayithi kufutshane uninzi Sirius (oko kukuthi, izinto aqukuqela ephuma elikhulu ukuya inkwenkwezi ezincinane).

sesayensi German kunye ngeenkwenkwezi Friedrich Vilgelmom Besselem ziye zaqhutywa kokuma intlokoma nentshukumo Sirius. Ngowe-1834 kokuqwalasela ubukho inkwenkwezi neqabane. Ubhaqo echanileyo oko kwabhalwa ngenxa ngeenkwenkwezi American Alvani Clark ngo-1862. Oku "inkwenkwezi iqabane" ngelika Puppy kunye negama Sirius B. radius yawo izihlandlo ezilikhulu incinane ilanga, kodwa ubunzima bungama okunene okufanayo zombini ezi nkwenkwezi. Yintoni Sirius Alpha Canis ukhanya izihlandlo ishumi lamawaka womelele ngakumbi injana, onokuxinana emalunga omnye kwitoni nganye isentimitha ityhubhu. Ezi mpawu zula ukutshatisa inkwenkwezi ezimhlophe, nenomlanga, abagqibe umjikelo yokuzivelela kwezinto lunciphe ubungakanani iiplanethi ezincinane.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga lekroza ka Canis Major

abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi abaninzi yaye izazi bakholelwa ukuba iinkwenkwezi azinampembelelo psyche yabantu. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo kwakukholelwa ukuba lekroza Canis Major, ogama iifoto zingabonakala ngasentla, umphumo ukuphululwa kwemvelo kunye nobani, ubugqi nemilingo.

Towards kumazantsi Sirius, unako ukufumana enkulu cluster inkwenkwezi ekuthiwa M41, nto leyo imi kumgama kwiminyaka engamawaka amabini ukukhanya wezijikelezi-langa. NGC 2362 - omnye Iqela umdla, equka inqwaba zeenkwenkwezi. Lakhe ubudala - kancinane kwiminyaka kwesigidi. Ukuxinana phantsi kwegama Small Ekwakuphithizela kwakhona umdla kakhulu ukufunda yaye iqulethe amakhulu beenkwenkwezi nkqu neshumi elinesibini iingxilimbela ebomvu.

Xa constellation ka Canis Major ngomnye "super" co-star - Vy Canis Majoris. It hypergiants ngemilinganiselo ngeenkwenkwezi zale mihla. Ubukhulu bayo - phantse iiyunithi ezimbini ngeenkwenkwezi, nto leyo malunga namashumi amathathu ezigidi neekhilomitha. Kuyinto izihlandlo ezingamawaka amabini lingadluli ubukhulu kwelanga. Ngelishwa, ngenxa loxinano ephantsi kakhulu ukumisela enobubanzi ngqo lenkwenkwezi akwenzeki. Ukuba ubeka Vy Canis Majoris endaweni kwelanga lethu, oku isigebenga iza kuthatha indawo zonke iiplanethi kunye iSaturn. Vy ulinganisa angamakhulu amane solar, oku kuthetha ukuba hypergiants unalo umoya rarefied kakhulu.