Indlela ukutshintsha indawo yezikhulu ngenkulungwane ye-17 eRashiya?

ezintsha kwi imeko yezoqoqosho kweli lizwe kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho inani yeenguqu kubume labemi. ngabafo Russian waqinisa indawo yayo kwaye kwaziswa izinduna. Kwakukho division of bonke abantu phezu ngamakhoboka engenamandla nezidwangube ezinamandla. Enyanisweni, nezinye iinxalenye yabantu apho phantse kwakungekho, kwakukho kuphela amanye amalungelo kwamanye amaqela: zokuhlala ezimhlophe chernososhnye nabalimi. Noko ke, musa kusoloko asisiso nalo ilungelo elithile kunempembelelo entle yokuphila abantu. Ukuze ufunde ukutshintsha indlela indawo yezikhulu ngenkulungwane ye-17, kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kweli nqaku.

Izizathu zotshintsho

Isizathu esibangela ukutshintsha yobume ekuhlaleni yezikhulu hlobo iye yaba ukuqaliswa kwe serfdom ngokusekelwe kwiBhunga Code of 1649. Ukomeleza iwonga kunye nokubaluleka kwalo isihloko ngenxa ngokudibana bonke abanam non-free kwi ngamakhoboka.

nyaka ngamnye umahluko phakathi wabanumzana, iindwalutho zaye bucinyiwe, yaye ekugqibeleni phantse shwaka. Elidla ngokuba abantu nokumkani kunye isikhundla kuluntu zenani kuphela ngenxa yesikhundla sakhe.

Indlela ukutshintsha indawo yezikhulu ngenkulungwane ye-17 ngokunxulumene iifama kunye nempahla ezikhoyo? Nangona onke amafa ezindilekileyo, nangenxa yomthetho kwi ukupheliswa localism yaba nempahla njengelifa.

Amalungelo chernososhnyh abalimi

Life of the abalimi kwakungelula, nditsho chernososhnyh status negalelo ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi. Abantu yelo didi yabantu unelungelo lokusebenzisa iziza mhlaba amalungelo amalungu oluntu, wonke umntu unako ukufumana isiqwenga somhlaba (vyti) e ukusetyenziswa, kodwa akasoloko, waya elungileyo.

Ekubeni kukutshintsha indawo yezikhulu ngenkulungwane ye-17, uninzi ngamakhoboka bekwimeko entle kakhulu, ndingafaneleki njengala yeenkosi zazo.

Amalungelo zokuhlala amhlophe

KumaXesha Aphakathi baba yokuhlala ezimhlophe kummandla mzi Russian apho kwakuhlala abantu nkonzo: dragoons, Belomestny Cossacks kunye nomkhosi amajoni. Baba emazweni yeenkosi zokomoya kunye nezehlabathi. Isiseko kwezoqoqosho kwezi zixeko izizathu ezahlukeneyo obugcisa bezandla. Abantu yelo icandelo labantu, bakhululeka babizwa ngokuba irhafu (irhafu kaNondyebo kaRhulumente).

Kwangaxeshanye, abemi zokuhlala ezimhlophe ayikhange ibe nako bohlukana idyokhwe, Noko ke, nanjengokuba abalimi entlalweni, nto leyo rhoqo wavusa qhankqalazo. Kodwa njengoko kukutshintsha indawo yezikhulu ngenkulungwane ye-17, ezi zaqalwa ayixhaswa yi maleko elite yaye ngokukhawuleza kucinywa. Lidla ngenkani.