OSOAVIAHIM - kokuhlaziya. Society ebendinceda zokhuselo, eyama kunye nokwakha khemikhali

Ngowe-1927, ngenjongo yokusasaza ngokubanzi ulwazi kunye nezakhono ukuba isiseko uqeqesho oluqhubekayo abemi kula manqanaba ezi semkhosini lizwe, yaye yasekwa isakhiwo ntle efumene igama elithile - Society for the loKhuselo, Aviation kunye Chemical Construction. Anegama - OSOAVIAHIM.

Ukudala umbutho entsha imidlalo zomkhosi

Oku wabonakala awayontlangano emkhosini-izwe ukusuka ekuqaleni - ukuba lwandulelwe inani kwezakhiwo, naye ejoliswe kuqeqesho yobudala abatsha ngoqeqesho kwangaphambili-ngenkani emkhosini, kodwa elowo kubo kugxininiswa emxinwa, irwece uluhlu oluncinane kuphela kwemiba. Nangona zibalulekile ekuqiniseni amandla ukuziphendulela lizwe ngo-1927 kwi-phulo of the People kaThixo Commissar lezoKhuselo K. E. Voroshilova ukuba zadityaniswa umbutho omnye - OSOAVIAHIM. Ziqonde amagama anikwe kwi ekuqaleni kweli nqaku, sitsho oku wabonisa ukuqeshwa ngesakhiwo elalisandul 'ukusekwa. ukubonakala kwakhe kwabangela ngomnye ukuqhubela phambili kwale meko yehlabathi, ngexesha kakhulu.

OSOAVIAHIM eSoviet Union ukususela kwimihla yalo yokuqala, iye yaphinda yathandwa ngokubanzi phakathi abameli kumaqela ubudala ezahlukeneyo kunye elime zentlalo yabemi. emva konyaka omnye, nezikhundla zayo, kwakukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezibini. Loo impumelelo ngokucacileyo amanyathelo sele inikwe kakhulu uncedo ezinikezelwa Party kunye nemibutho karhulumente.

intshukumo kazwelonke ebanzi

Phantsi kwale nkqubo yesizwe omtsha lwaseBritani ilizwe lonke, kuye efakwe uthungelwano kwamaziko oqeqesho, imibutho ngokusekelwe amashishini mveliso, kwakunye nemibutho zemfundo, zenzululwazi kunye noyilo. Yiya izifundo abongikazi, abanini unomathotholo, okanye ukudubula iklabhu iye yaba aqhelekileyo kwaye zindala kwi Umsebenzi yawo njenge ulutsha kunye nobudala eliphakathi.

Yonke wadala iinqaba apho abafundi kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo - amajoni engomso - baba nethuba lokufunda iziseko yenzululwazi wamajoni, ufunde ukusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iingalo ezincinane, kwakunye uqhuba imoto okanye iteletele. Emva kwekhosi, kakade, ngokuxhomekeke abapasa iimviwo, abo baphumeleleyo kufumana izatifikethi abongikazi, parachute, abanini unomathotholo, kunye nezinye iingcali, wafuna ngexesha lemfazwe. graduate nganye nabo bafumana ibheji OSOAVIAHIM, ovunywe ngowe-1928, umthetho okhethekileyo karhulumente.

Abatoli Marshal Voroshilov

Ukulungiselela ukuba abavikeli kwixesha elizayo OSOAVIAHIM looMawokhulu lobunkokheli (okotshiweyo nezishunqulelo linikwa ekuqaleni kweli nqaku) ngokusebenzisana ngokusondeleleneyo kunye ne-Peoples Commissariat for Health laphuhliswa kamva eyaziwa esimbaxa "Ready for lezaBasebenzi kunye yoKhuselo" (yexeshana). Yayithetha uludwe lwemimiselo ukuba ukuqinisekisa inqanaba ngokomzimba yeendidi yobudala eyahlukeneyo, ukuziswa leyo ngaloo minyaka enyanzelekileyo.

Phakathi kwezinye imidlalo, le complex kuquka kwakhona nokudubula ethandwayo ngaloo minyaka. Kuba ngaphezulu popularization kwayo ngo-1932 umthetho karhulumente yamiselwa ibheji yekhethelo "Voroshilov elidubula". Ikhutshelwa kubantu abaye baphumelela impumelelo enkulu kulo uqeqesho, kakhulu zifunwa xa kuthe impi.

batola abatoli Sport siphumelela eMoscow

Kwiminyaka emibini kamva eMoscow abanini ibheji yekhethelo ziye zadityaniswa omnye okokuqala clubs yelizwe abatoli Voroshilov nembeko ukumela eSoviet Union kumakhuphiswano ngamazwe, nto leyo nayo kuyo utolo i iiklabhu yaseMelika engahlawulwayo. Emana okhuphisana aphesheya usecicini ebanzi kumanqaku, Muscovites lubonise iziphumo, malunga apho abhala ngalo ngaloo mihla, amaphephandaba amaninzi ehlabathini lonke.

Abaqhubi kunye parachute - abafundi eklabhu eMoscow

Sele banesifo okuqala amaninzi kumashishini industrial kweli lizwe kwakukho i imibutho zaseprayimari OSOAVIAHIM, maxa wambi iyazilandela imisebenzi ibonwe. Umzekelo i Moscow Aviation Plant. Ngokusekelwe ntliziyo yayo yoluntu kwi uqeqesho emsebenzini labaqhubi kunye nezinye iingcali ngenqwelomoya iye yamiselwa.

Ukuba icandelo ezemidlalo okanye iklabhu edubule ngelo xesha phantse yonke kwishishini, uqeqesho labaqhubi iziphetho umsebenzi wombutho ephambili ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo le isityalo. Xa club efanayo parachute yamiselwa, ogama amalungu aquka amadoda kunye nabasetyhini. Nakule zemidlalo yehlabathi wangena iseti irekhodi-1934, iqela lakhe Ninoy Kamenevoy owashiya moya kwintaba ephakame wamawaka amathathu kweemitha yazivula isinyuko ezimakhulu mabini kuphela leemitha emhlabeni.

Uncedo kumbutho inja inkonzo

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kwangaxesha nye ukunceda abantu umda weli lizwe, kwakunye imizimba amapolisa e Moscow, ngokusekelwe lombutho wesixeko OSOAVIAHIM, wadalwa inja inkonzo club model. umsebenzi wakhe wayengekho kangako uqeqesho izinja zokusetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo wabasiki nenja ngamapolisa, njengoko wabaqalayo zoqeqesho inja abaphatha abanqwenela ukuba bazinikele ukuba ukusebenza kunye nezilwanyana.

Enye indalo Osoaviahima idume namhlanje kuba ihlabathi lonke ibandla St. Petersburg dog inkonzo club, kutshanje ibhiyozelwa yesihlanu-asixhenxe iminyaka yayo. impumelelo yakhe ayikwazi babebiza imali. Kwanele ukukhankanya ukuba eSt Petersburg ukuba amalungu okuqala ngexesha eklabhu ziye zaqatshelwa kule mihla lobuntshatsheli ihlabathi zithandwa kakhulu kwaye inja inkonzo ezizalayo eYurophu.

amanyathelo OSOAVIAHIM ukulungiselela imfazwe

Xa ngo-1939 yaqhambuka eYurophu amaziko yokuqala imfazwe yehlabathi elizayo, kunye nokoyikiswa nokuhlaselwa kwilizwe lethu, oku kwaba yinto ecacileyo, kunye semkhosini uqeqesho olubanzi ngayo Uqhuba ne OSOAVIAHIM. izifinyezo ziqonde uyazibuza amanqaku yakhe ephambili yokukhuthaza ukuziphendulela bonke-mjikelo eli lizwe. I-Central Council of zombutho ngelo xesha, kwagqitywa ekubeni ngokutsha inkqubo yemfundo kunye nokutshintsha kwiiyunithi indalo inkqubo yokufunda isangqa efana kwabo banikwa emkhosini.

Ngenxa yomsebenzi owenziwa ngaphandle kweli xesha lifutshane kangangoko, iminyaka emibini phambi kokuba imfazwe kuphela elikomkhulu ezazilungiselwe malunga namawaka amabini anamashumi amathathu amaqela yokuzikhusela ezinokuthatha umlo ukuya utshaba eqhelekileyo, kodwa ekuqaleni imfazwe inani lanyuka ukuya amawaka amane. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba wadalwa izitishi ngaphezulu kwe 1100 kunye anti-imichiza ukuzikhusela, abasebenzi oluthe lwagqitha 700 lamawaka. Man. abasebenzi merit engathethekiyo Osoaviahima eMoscow kwaye uninzi imizi emikhulu kweli lizwe naye imisebenzi esiza yoqeqesho kusemnandi yokuhlasela kweenqwelo kotshaba.

Yemizamo yokutshintsha ubume kwezentlalo yangaphambili

OSOAVIAHIM njengombutho omnye yayikhona kuze-1948, emva koko isigqibo urhulumente kokuba ngokutsha yaze yahlulwa-hlulwa zizwe zithathu ezizimeleyo, ziqendu ezo kuphela imihlaba yemisebenzi yabo iintlobo ezithile. Ngoko ke, umntu wokuqala kuphela ngoncedo bomkhosi, wesibini - Aviation, lesithathu - Navy.

Nangona kunjalo, eli candelo liye alusebenzi, kwaye ngo-1951 onke amasebe amathathu baphinde-zadityaniswa abe licandelo elinye, ekuthiwa DOSAAF kwaye ngandlela ezininzi ezifanayo ukuya OSOAVIAHIM elidlulileyo, ziqonde ngoonobumba leyo ugxininise umanyano lwangaphakathi semkhosini andithethelele yayo. Namhlanje, le isakhiwo nayo liyavalwa kwaye imisebenzi yayo kutshintshelwa kwiSebe Iimeko zikaxakeka.