Ottoman. Ubukhosi umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग Turkish

Ngokuba zonke amakhulu ngamakhulu eminyaka, ngelo xesha lokuqulunqa nokuphuhlisa ubudlelane lizwe lethu kunye ezizwe abahlala yintoni na ngoku Turkey, baba bumuncu. Bangi kakhulu babesoloko Ottoman, kwakuphela ukuba ngowuphi umgaqo uBukhosi Ottoman iminyaka emininzi.

abazange beze bevela phi?

Nokuba phakathi kwewaka AD yokuqala, ngexesha ekuqaleni Ukufuduka Enkulu, e-Asia Minor abameli yokuqala zezizwe zamaTurkic-abathetha. Kodwa ixesha amandla aseByzantium namandla, xa urhulumente kazwelonke Wayesenamandla, bona yayingeyonxalenye ngempumelelo kunye nempembelelo encinane kwimbali ndawo unganikezelwanga. Oku ke kwenzeka phantse iminyaka eliwaka. Ngexesha uBukhosi baseByzantium kwayona nako ukumelana kuhlasela njalo-Arabhu, yaye ke ngoko ayikwazanga angamelana imizamo nokungena ngaphandle.

Ngelo xesha, i Seljuks kwatshintsha ikomkhulu labo ukuya Kumbindi eAnatolia, leyo elime kule ngingqi ikuyo ekhawulezileyo kumazwe Byzantine. Kufika bevela Oghuz Turks, amaGrike, Armenia namaPersi kule minyaka ilandelayo yaqala ukuyilwa baseTurkey, esikwaziyo namhlanje. Kodwa inkqubo ixesha elide kakhulu yaye kunzima, njengoko kuloo iindawo ikhaya endala ukuze beentlanga ezininzi, uninzi lwabo bathi bangamaKristu.

Turks - hayi Turks

Nkqu nokubonakala inani elikhulu Turks owayesele abathi Islam, ngokwesiseko imeko ayikatshintshi. Okuphoxayo kukuba, kodwa amakhulu abameli iminyaka iinkonzo ezimbini ngoxolo yokuhlalisana kunye nabanye, nangona oko baseTurkey esaphethe izikhundla eziphezulu kurhulumente.

Kwaye ngenxa yokuba "baseTurkey", apho kamva yajika yaba Turk, inokuba a elula ukubiza i "engundoqo" eluntwini, lo gama zonke ezinye labantu kweli qela yobuhlanga soqobo ibinaso nto yakwenza. Ekubeni onke Ottoman, kwakuphela ke leyo kulawula kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela?

Education Ottoman Sultanate

Lo mxube Islam kunye zemveli isakhiwo tribal Turks ngokwawo kusengaphambili iimpawu zishwankathelwe Sultanate. Ngenxa yoko - iziko obuthathaka, ulawula nje kuphela umlawuli kodwa izixhobo ingenalo novelwano. Kuyo, ngasendleleni, wadlala indima enkulu na Turks, kodwa yonke enye amaGrike Armenia. amaphondo Outlying zaye kolawulo "ingumbuso Institute", indima eyadlala Bey: nempembelelo. Ngako oko, i "District" babizwa beylik. Omnye washiya Ottoman. ubukhosi bawo yaqala nomlawuli ingakumbi imboni.

Ukuya kutsho akukho okulungileyo, le meko akakwazanga ukugqiba. Ekugqibeleni, oku Bey waqalisa ukulawula eli lizwe, sibambe nothungelwano olubanzi izalamane zakhe enkundleni. Ngenkulungwane ye-13 imbali ikamva Turkey ngokubanzi iseyisangene: ukwahlukana yokuqala abavukeli Shiite, uze emva koko kwabakho ayehlasela Mongols. Sultan wafa. Beylik nabo ekubandezelekeni ... Ngaphandle abenaso Osman Bey.

Ngowe-1299, waba ngumlawuli imeko yakhe, kuba ukuba bamthobele, ngokubanzi, ukuba kungabikho mntu. Yaba nguye lowo lomzobo zembali, waya zonke umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग Ottoman koko kuzo.

Nokwenziwa amaphondo Byzantine

Osman nethamsanqa kunene: iziko promongolskogo uMbuso kude kude, kodwa Byzantium buthathaka kwaye owalupheleyo - vala. Yena Ndaqalisa ukuya kuyo waqhoboshela kwiphondo eli lizwe, edlula bathenge ngaphandle inxenye ye-chola amaxhoba ka Mongol wezithunywa. Bey alandela libukhali luyaqhubeka-nkqubo uphumelele: kuqala, bona ekugqibeleni "kume" ngokwabo yonke eAsia Minor, yaye emva koko wehla waya kwiiBalkans.

Ngowe-1396, abantu baseTurkey bakwazi ukwahlukana umkhosi emanyeneyo Omnqamlezo, kwaye ngo-1400 wada waya kuhlasela eConstantinople. Kuqala ke zange baphumelele, kodwa imihla yakudala Byzantine ade zibaliwe. Ngowe-1453 eConstantinople, ukuzama eyesibini kunjalo athathwe, kwaye wonke loo mmandla, kuquka akwiiBalkan, ekugqibeleni bafika phantsi kwegunya Ottoman.

Road ukuya East

Ngowe-1475 Krymskoe Hanstvo kwakhona Uwathethile ingumbuso le Ottoman. Emva koko, iindlela zorhwebo ibalulekileyo ezibe ezandleni baseTurkey, yintoni ababa nako ukuthatha iadvanteji. Ngowe-1514, i-uBukhosi wazomeleza yakwazi okoyisa umkhosi Safavid Iran. Emva koko, eli lizwe ufumana ufikelelo simahla i Arab East yaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kakhulu ngokwemizuzu intsimi yakhe. Sele 1516 baseTurkey ukulidla ngokupheleleyo lonke elaseSiriya, sisikrazule ngakumbi. umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग Ottoman "ihashe" ngengqiqo yokoqobo neyokomfuziselo.

emva nje konyaka ukuba sele ahlasela eYiputa, edlula yokuphelisa ngokupheleleyo amandla neenkokheli. Le yokugqibela ucime kakuhle kangangokuba umbusi Turkish baba phantse ukuba ezihlangwini esemthethweni likaCaliph wokugqibela, nto leyo ukuba siphephe le meko ngokupheleleyo kule meko, umzabalazo amandla imfazwe yobukhaya. Enyanisweni, nkqu ngenye Sultan kunyanzelikile wafumana ngezandla ezishushu "kubavoti", njengokuba kuzo zonke kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uBukhosi Ottoman lwaba ngokukhawuleza baba zizityebi, ephatha kakuhle abantu woyisa, yaye ngoko ke ukulungele ngokuzithandela ukujoyina iqela ayikho.

Ingozi kucingwa nzima, ngenxa yokuba kwiminyaka embalwa kwiphondo encinane Beysky iye yakwazi ukungqina ukuba aqhube nkqubo ezizimeleyo kunye nesandi ubukho nabalawuli ezikrelekrele,. Yaba Ottoman, kwakuphela leyo uphumelele nempumelelo ebalaseleyo, Turkey zakhiwe encotsheni bobukhulu bakhe. Ababesakuba Turkish banxiba landiswa yaye ziyaqiniswa ukuze baqalisa abangabona ingxaki enkulu kulo lonke Europe kunye uBukhosi Russian.

Ukongeza, baseTurkey wemka inkcubeko yehlabathi phambili, iisampulu ezininzi ezibangela namhla ikratshi yeemyuziyam ehlabathini lonke. Kodwa ngubani na umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग Ottoman? Uluhlu abalawuli kweli nqaku ngokupheleleyo uluhlu lwabo akanako ukunika (libanzi kakhulu), kodwa ingcamango engundoqo ngokubanika.

Le umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग kakhulu Ottoman

Kakade ke, asinakukwazi bahlale ubuntu Osman I Gazi. Nguye umlawuli yephondo omncinane Turkish Sultanate, ukuba avuke kamva umlawuli geqe. Yayingubani yena, lo mntu?

Wazalwa ngo-1258, wafa 1324 (njengoko yeziKronike). bexesha lakhe ingqalelo kuye "umntu onesibindi kwaye womelele-nkani" bengenwa "abangaphucukanga, kodwa uhlobo engenamkhethe." Mna phezu kwetrone ukususela 1281. Ke wangcwatywa e Bursa, engcwabeni lakhe yaba liziko lokuphambukela ngenxa yobulungisa onke Muslim elo xesha. Bonke abalawuli Turkish, ukwenza urhulumente ekunene, wathetha amazwi yesifungo ... loo yeni engcwabeni yokuqala Osman, njengesikhali epitaph. Ngoko ke, lo umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग Ottoman ukuze ...

Sultan uOrhan

Iminyaka yobomi - ukususela 1281 ukuya 1360. Yena unyana omncinane Osman. Ukugqitywa kokuba kuthinjwe Asia Minor, yaseka umkhosi rhoqo (ezo Janissaries), waqalisa kokoyiswa ngabom Europe abalawuli yokuqala Ottoman. It uOrhan ngumntu onyanzelekileyo baseTurkey ukuyilwa kwiqela abalulo.

Sultan Murad II

Ubuntu ayikho ngaphantsi eliqaqambileyo kuneyokuqala lakhe elizukileyo. Wayehlala kwisithuba ukususela 1403 ngo 1451. Ukomeleza imeko Ottoman, emibonweni zicinezelwa zonke nezidubedube lwangaphakathi kunye ingxabano yamakhaya. Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe, Pope Eugene V wabiza onke amaKristu ukuya elilandelayo yenkolo. Le engenangqondo le meko yaba kukuba Murad asilotshaba lwamaKristu kwilizwe lakhe kuphila kunye ezimbini iinkonzo, umfazi wakhe intombi yokumkani yaseSerbia, ukhululekile ukuba bangamaKristu.

Wavuma ukuba iimeko ezimbi kwesivumelwano, leyo yaphakanyiswa yi eVatican. Omnqamlezo kwatywinwa isifungo yakhe yeVangeli, waza yena - phezu Koran. Kodwa kungekudala inxusa kapopu yaphuka ilizwi labo. Kwakukho kwemfazwe Varna. I Omnqamlezo bagxothiwe, kwaye Turks azuzwe kwilizwe Mpuma Yurophu ngendlela ngqo. Ngoobani abanye umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग Ottoman, loo maxesha lebhodi leyo ibonwa kumaphepha yephepha yethu.

Sultan Suleiman I Kanuni

Igama lo mntu ngokuqinisekileyo kwaziwa ukuba nabani na onomdla kolu thotho TV "Zobungangamela Century". Wayehlala kwisithuba ukususela 1495 ukuya 1566. Le yaziwa ngokuba "Enkulu", "mkhulu", "mthetho." Mhlawumbi, kwaba ezintsha kuthotho Ottoman okuqala, ngokwenene ufanelwe luzuko izinyanya. Ukuba Turkey nyhani baphila nezidubula yayo incopho, yaye xa inzala yakhe waqalisa ukuwa kunye ekutshabalaleni bukhosi. Sinokuthi ukuba yaka Ottoman ngexesha Suleiman ekuqaleni Magnificent ukuba kubuna, kuba njengendlela inzalo ofanele wayengasakwazi ukukhulisa.

Yena landiswa ubukhosi bakhe ukuze ke afika emacaleni ekampu leyo Strait of Gibraltar. Waphupha ngokulandela emanyathelweni saseMakedoni, uhlanganise lonke ihlabathi phantsi iphiko ilizwe lakhe, wachitha ixesha elininzi iinguqu, kuhlala kusebenza kude kwinkulungwane yama-20.

Imbali nayo iye yaqinisekisa ukuba uyamthanda wakhe kwinkosikazi Roksolana, nto leyo ibe ngokusesikweni ngumfazi wakhe. Oku ayikwazanga ukufumana nayiphi na enye ishweshwe kwiminyaka engamakhulu amabini edlulileyo. Kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe wayiqhubela iphulo nxamnye iHungary, kodwa uloyiso akazange aphile. ukufa kwakhe lalifihlakele de ngoko, de itrone akanyukanga Sultan Selim. Yena unyana Suleiman kunye Roxelana. Inxila igwala, waqalisa ngokuwa bukhosi. Ngoobani abanye Ottoman (umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग Turkish Dynasty)?

Sultan Murad Iv

Life Iminyaka - 1612-1640 gg. Imithetho eyi-17, "odumileyo" njenge uzwilakhe wamagazi. Kodwa ke urhulumente wakhe kunye neziphumo ezakhayo - ukuba Murad akwazi ukugqiba kunye kuhluma ekuweni yomkhosi kunye nalwazelelelo le viziers. Kills nje ngenxa yokubulala, wakwazi ukuba ukubuyela kwiinkundla yobulungisa ... wabuya sele yalahleka ngexesha i Erivan kunye Baghdad, kodwa sinandiphe iziqhamo uloyiso sele kakhulu emva kwexesha. Kwaba sane ngokungaqhelekanga, nokuzeyisa-amanqam nokuba umntu, kodwa lokufa bayalela ukuba ngokuzikhama umzalwana wakhe Ibrahim. Lowo indlalifa wokugqibela Ottoman kumgca eyindoda, kodwa ...

Wasindiswa ngunina. Ibrahim walawula iminyaka 1640-1648. Umlawuli buthathaka, ezilukhuni kunye uburheletyo kakhulu umntu: amashweshwe kuba ubanjwe nkqu emachibini ezidolophini. Kudla zaphumela abafazi ezintombini zabemi abadumileyo kunye namagosa amahle kwibhotwe kwafuneka ukuba bachitha ixabiso elikhulu ngokuqukunjelwa zamatyala ... Ekugqibeleni, abefundisi ephakamileyo kunye janissaries mbhodamo ekugqibeleni udiniwe, kakhulu, "nothando" umlawuli suffocated nje. Ziziphi ezinye umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग Ottoman, ubukumkani leyo iphawulwe kwelanga lokugqibela bukhosi kanye mkhulu?

Sultan Mahmoud II

Wayehlala kwisithuba ukususela 1784 ukuya 1839. Ozithobileyo Ndandibahlonipha Petra Velikogo, yaye ndandifuna ukuba wenguquko pretty ezibolileyo kwaye ekubekwe Ottoman. wadala imeyili, byi ingqalelo engakumbi yazo, apapashe amaphephandaba kunye iinguqu ngokupheleleyo phantse yonke izixhobo karhulumente. Kodwa konke oku kwenziwa kakhulu emva kwexesha: iinkqubo ekungafuneki karhulumente iye unganqandeki. Waziwa kuloo wacela uncedo Nicholas mna, xa kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuvalela le mvukelo kumaphondo zaseYiputa.

Kuninzi yomkhosi Russian yaba mazwi eziqhelekileyo waseConstantinople ukubuyela usesifubeni Orthodox, "Nngokobuchwepheshe" kwenza kube lula. Kodwa Nicholas Ndandingafuni ukuba konakalisa ubudlelane neBritani kunye neFransi, kwaye Turkey ababuthathaka ukuba ezingcono kwiinzame baseYiputa ngakumbi. Mahmoud naye ngokwakhe akazange aphile ixesha elide kunyaka 54 yobomi bakhe, wafa, kwaye eshiya iindlamanzi elandelayo.

Khona ngexesha lethu Ottoman? Ubukhosi ngexesha lethu, sinokuthi, akwenziwanga kwaba zigcinwe. Straight akukho iindlalifa, kuphela inzala kude abahlala eTurkey naseYurophu.