Oyile injini iinjini idizili kunye turbocharger. Yeyiphi ioli iinjini idizili kunye turbocharging ngcono?

Ukuphuhlisa injini turbocharged kwi diesel, abenzi baye nokudalwa motor ipetroli ayikho ngaphantsi kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi. Xa turbochargers lokuqala zasetyenziswa ukwandisa amandla injini yokutsha yangaphakathi kwi Force Air ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Kuba imoto wangena imveliso mass 1978.

Nangona kunjalo, kunye nokonyuka liyancipha motor amandla resource. Ngoko ke, i-oyile ekhethekileyo iinjini idizili kunye turbocharging.

Icebo nangemigaqo yokusebenza

Yintshukumo injini ngokusekelwe amandla zeemoto. Ukususela lombhobho, nabo mayibhekiswe impeller turbine, ophephela iyajikeleza a isiguquli. Kubonakala ukuba apha, ngokungafaniyo injini ipetroli, umoya ikhutshwa phantsi koxinzelelo ephakamileyo. Umthamo emoyeni ukunyuka lombhobho, yaye kukho umthamo umthamo izibaso sokutshisa banda ekhulwini amabini anesihlanu.

Ukuba umoya ongena ukusetyenziswa attachments lombhobho mkhulu - intercooler. Ayaphola umoya phambi kokuba engena injini. Ngoko ke, lo amafutha ezithile sinciphile kwaye namandla siyandiswa, nto leyo kufikelelwe phantse ngaphandle ngokwandisa ubukhulu unit kunye nenani amagophe.

Kucacile ukuba aba iinjini zifuna indlela ekhethekileyo. ERashiya, abaqhubi ngakumbi nangakumbi ukhetha ukuthenga yababini efanayo. Kodwa asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba isebenze ngendlela efanelekileyo le diesel kwiinqwelo. Cinga nje iingcebiso ezimbalwa ukukunceda ukusindisa ubomi inkonzo elide le yunithi.

I oyile kufuneka kulawulwe

Zonke iimowutha kabi yindlala oyile. Noko ke, ukuba injini diesel ngeoli kwiinqwelo idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuba lubricated ukuzala turbocharger. Xa umgangatho engamanzi iphantsi kakhulu, kulula kakhulu yonakele.

Ngoko ke, i oyile kwi injini kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukuba kukho ukunqongophala, kuyimfuneko ukuba ngoko nangoko enze kuba. Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba ukufumana unobangela ukwehla ngokukhawuleza kwi kwinqanaba kwaye uyilungise.

Umgangatho we yokuqaba ulwelo

Ioli for kwiinqwelo-idiesel kufuneka zibe kumgangatho ophezulu. Ngokusekelwe nendima ezizodwa onayo kubomi injini, kuyimfuneko ukuba baqonde ukuba mgangathweni uya ubhubhe ekufeni kade. Musa ukulibala: ukwakhiwa iinjini ipetroli yahlukile diesel. Ukongeza, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuxuba viscosity ezahlukeneyo igrisi (oku parameter, bona ngezantsi).

Amanye amacebo kwi ukusebenza kwiinqwelo diesel

Nazi iingcebiso ezimbalwa, non-oyile, kodwa kufuneka zilandelwe.

umgangatho kwamafutha kufuneka ibe phezulu. Ukuba akukho hlobo, kuya ucingo inkqubo amafutha, namandla iya kuncitshiswa. Ngenxa yoko, i-injini kuya kufuneka ukuba basebenze ngesantya esiphezulu, nto leyo eya kunciphisa ubomi bayo.

Hayi peregazovyvayte xa injini iqalisiwe. Oku kuyinyaniso ingakumbi abo musa ukuqala inkqubo (stop). Xa enyovwayo licinezelwe ukuba umthwalo turbine uyasetyenziswa, iqala phendula, kodwa ngaphandle ioli, njengoko yokugqibela akazange abe nexesha lokwenza. Oku kukhokelela amaqhina wear ngokukhawuleza.

Kukhuthazwa ekhwele isantya eneshologu e. Ukusebenza ngesantya ephantsi ixesha elide umlomo. Emva kokuba injini yenzelwe imithwalo eziphakamileyo. Ngoko ke, ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha kuyanqweneleka ukuze isebenze, kwakunye ngezantya aphezulu. Ngoko ke Ukomeleza inkqubo iqala ukucocwa, nto leyo eyandisa ubomi bayo nkonzo.

Awukwazi ukucima injini ngoko nangoko emva kokuyeka, njengoko impeller injini iya kuqhubeka ejikelezayo, neoli injini idizili kunye kwiinqwelo sele kuyeka ukuba kufakwa kwinkqubo.

ikhwele ayinqweneleki kakhulu kwi bengasebenzi. Makubekwe isiqingatha seyure yalo msebenzi kwanele "bulala" injini, njengoko oku kwenzeka zakoksovka turbine. Kwakhona ukuqala ioli ukuvuza kwamanzi kungena iisilinda, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba iinkcukacha qela piston zonakale.

ulondolozo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo ukuba injini diesel turbocharged. Igama elithi kokunye layo ngaphantsi iiyunithi esesibhakabhakeni, njengoko imithwalo aphezulu ifuna ioli entsha ngakumbi yaye icebo lokucoca ulwelo elitsha.

namafutha iimpawu eziphambili

Ngokuthenga le kuzakuthothisa, zimoto ingqalelo kwinani indicators.

Parameter nto ibalulekileyo viscosity, oko kukuthi, flow ioli yakhe. Kuxhomekeke lobushushu. index viscosity High ibonisa utshintsho ngaphantsi kunye nokunyuka lobushushu.

flashpoint kuthiwa ngesalathisi, apho xa iperi intshumayelo nomlilo kwaqala.

Galela nqanaba lisezantsi naxa ngokupheleleyo ulahlekelwa flowability (ikhangelwe xa neetyhubhu ze utyekelo).

Ukusebenza, kunye nobukho kwezithako ezahlukeneyo lwenzeka inkqubo namachibi xa kuyilwa iimveliso obrak acidic. Elabhoratri walungisa zihlalutywe isiseko elipheleleyo kunye nenombolo asidi. Ukusuka kwezi zalathisi zisekelwe ukubalwa neutralization oyile.

base grease

Ioli-based yalo:

• ezimbiwayo;
• semisynthetic;
• zokwenziwa.

Kutshanje, abaqhubi ngakumbi nangakumbi bakhetha ezenziwe. Noko ke, ngezimbiwa elungileyo yokuqaba amanzi ngokugqibeleleyo nako ukumelana imisebenzi kwindawo ezishushu. Kodwa ukusebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kubhetele ukuba ahambe. I oil ubunjwe iimveliso zepetroliyam.

Nazi ezinye ioli iinjini idizili kunye kwiinqwelo-ebizwayo izimbiwa-based kucingwa okulungileyo: Castrol GTX (amabakala ahlukeneyo viscosity), "Lukoil Vanguard Professional i LA", "Lukoil Vanguard Ultra", "Suprotec rhoqo Active", "Diesel esbnzyo Plus" kunye nabanye.

Semisynthetics ngumxube izimbiwa kunye nesiseko zokwenziwa. Oku sele kusetyenziswa kunyaka-ngeenxa zonke. Kucetyiswa ukuba ioli semi-zokwenziwa injini engines turbocharged: Statoil MultyWay, "Lukoil Vanguard", Castrol Magnatec njalo njalo.

isiseko Synthetic aluchananga ngokupheleleyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu eninzi kwaye ithathwa ekumgangatho obhetele. Kodwa ke kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba lulodwa akusosiqinisekiso ukufumaneka yokusebenza zokwenziwa ezigqwesileyo. Ukongeza kwi siseko, kukho inani nezinye iparameters ezinxulumene kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.

Sinako sinyusa ioli eyenziweyo ilandelayo iinjini idizili kunye turbocharging: ZIC XQ5000, Castrol Edge Sport, "Lukoil Vanguard Professional", Shell Helix Ultra kunye nabanye.

kwezithako

Ukongeza kule database, kukho izongezo ezithile ngokuba kudla. ukuba Babekholelwa ukuba ukuphucula iimpawu-oyile. Kwezithako zibe nemiphumela ezahlukeneyo:

• iintlobo antioxidant kumisa inkqubo igcwala;
• ukuhlamba - lingadlulanga injini;
• dispersants - ukuthintela ukuyilwa lunamahlwili amhlophe;
• film anticorrosion kwakheka kwi iindawo ngaphandle kokunika ukuphuhlisa umhlwa;
• ifomu anti ifilimu ekhusela phezu ndawo;
• EP ukudala umboniso ethintela Isipha.

Kwakhona kukho izinto ezithi zokunciphisa kugalela ingongoma, improvers viscosity, njalo-njalo. Ndingasebenzisa kubo bonke? Ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo. ioli Motor engines idizili kunye turbocharging, kwakunye nawuphi na oyile, sele unawo amacandelo ayimfuneko kumafa zabo. Ngoko ke, nokuba bachithe imali promotions iinkampani - abenzi kwezithako okanye hayi, ukusombulula umnini imoto.

ngezigaba

Kukho ukuhlelwa ezahlukeneyo iziselo ethambisayo xa iqatyiwe. Ahluke eklasini viscosity, ukusebenza, amaxesha onyaka.

Ukuhlelwa zasekhaya iindwendwe ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa phantse abaqhubi beemoto andazi. Ulwahlulo oqhelekileyo phesheya: Sae, API, ACEA kunye CCMC. Le yokugqibela yomhla, kodwa oko kufunyanwa kweminye imithombo.

Sae

Sae kuthetha ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile kunye lobushushu komoya. Kule meko, kukho iiklasi ezintandathu ebusika kunye ezintlanu ehlotyeni. Winter ezaziwayo yi unobumba W. I ephezulu inombolo eklasini, kungona viscosity oyile. Avamise kakhulu-oyile multigrade. Kufuneka unyulo ezimbini. Soloko umenzi ethile Kucetyiswa ioli ngenjini iinjini idizili kunye turbocharger. "Volkswagen", umzekelo, uya Castrol omkhulu. Iingcebiso zisekelwe phezu iimpawu zoyilo injini kunye namalungiselelo abenzi beemoto neoli kunye. Ngokuba iklasi nganye viscosity layo eliphezulu.

Ukuhlelwa ngamacandelo diesel API

Le yokuhlela kumiselwa ngokusekelwe umgangatho: limsulwa ubumdaka, isixa uthuthu lweziko. Le API yokuqaba ulwelo ngokwezi ndidi zilandelayo.

S (IiNkonzo), oko kumlungele na iinjini ipetroli-stroke ezine.

C (Commercial) engines diesel ludidi lwe zorhwebo nezoshishino, kwakunye nezixhobo zezolimo kunye zokwakha.

ileta-Two S okanye C, A ukuya L ithetha udidi (lokuqala) kunye nomgangatho ipropati (okwesibini). Ukusebenza eliphezulu, udlula ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-alfabhethi le ncwadi yesibini.

SG / CD, SJ / CF - yinto iklasi jikelele iinjini ipetroli nedizili.

EC - kodwa iimpawu ezininzi ezonga umbane.

Makhe zihlale phezu kulwelo yokuqaba beeyunithi diesel. Ukuba ilingane mahlelo alandelayo:

• SS ezingafanelanga kwiimowutha kunye inkxaso kukhanya okanye ngaphandle kwako.
• CD injini diesel efanayo kwiinqwelo womserbia namandla eliphezulu efuna uxinzelelo kakhulu eziyimfuneko antiscaling iimpawu. Umzekelo, oku eklasini ioli efanelekileyo iinjini idizili kunye kwiinqwelo "Toyota Diesel", RV Special.
• CE kufuneka ukuba turbocharger eyomeleleyo kunye nomsebenzi phantsi imithwalo phezulu kakhulu. Siyafana oyile injini ye diesel kunye turbocharger kunye filter kwamaqondo eparticulate.
• CF kungenziwa eziqhutshwa phezu diesels ilori imoto turbocharged.
• CF2 - iimpawu ukuthobela yangaphambili isongeza ngesibetho-ezimbini iinjini diesel.
• CF4 yi oluphuculiweyo inguqulelo kwiklasi yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo.
• CG4 kunye iklasi entsha CH4 ingqamana oyile injini iinjini ilori idizili kunye turbocharging, efuna umthwalo ingakumbi enzima.

ngezigaba ACEA

Le nkqubo yaseYurophu, ukwanelisa iimfuno oyile imoto ngaphezu ezidlulileyo zangqongqo kangakanani na. Iqulethe iiklasi-12, nto leyo zisasazwe phezu iindidi 3 apho:

• Kwaye engines emoyeni;
• C - engines diesel;
• C - engines diesel, zingena imilinganiselo Euro-4;
• E - engines diesel yorhwebo.

Amanani kwiindidi sezinga iimfuno. inani eliphezulu kuthetha iimfuno eziphezulu. Ngokusekelwe oluhlobo, kunokwenzeka ukuba "ubale" oli efanelekileyo iinjini idizili kunye turbocharger kunye filter kwamaqondo eparticulate. Oku, umzekelo, izinto zokuthambisa ulwelo yodidi C.

isiphelo

Ngokusekelwe kule nkcazelo ingasentla, kulandela ukuba kufuneka akhokelwe linani yemida, ukukhetha ioli motor engines idizili kunye turbocharging. "Itraki", "Honda", "BMW" yaye "Mercedes": wabenzi icebisa ezithile oyile brand. Noko ke, oku akuthethi isalathisi eziphambili xa bekhetha ioli. Isiphakamiso engundoqo, ekufuneka ilandelwe - ngayo ufumane kuzakuthothisa kwi parameters echazwe ulwahlulohlulo umenzi. Emva koko, ngokuxhomekeke kwimithetho yokusebenza ye diesel yakho kwiinqwelo rhoqo uya kukhonza lonke ixesha umda.