Patristics Western: abameli iimfundiso ezisisiseko kunye nesiqulatho

Xa ukuyilwa zemfundiso yamaKristu nentanda-bulumko iye wadlala indima enkulu kakhulu ngakwicala ezifana patristic. Abameli kule ezinawo yokucinga zonqulo isoloko ebizwa kwakhona Abaseki Church, kungoko ke igama kwigama lesiLatini Pater, oko kukuthi, uyise. Ngemihla Ekuqaleni bulumko lamaKristu aba bantu baba ngokufuthi iinkokheli zoluvo kuluntu zamaKristu. Baya ngayo kananjalo ukusonga mfundiso kwemiba emininzi ebalulekileyo kakhulu. Ababhali-mbali kuthi ga kwixesha patristic ubuKristu kwakusasa AD kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe. Uphononongo eli thuba, kwakunye impumelelo yayo eyintloko izibandakanye nenzululwazi okhethekileyo.

periodization

Ngokwemveli, le ndawo buKristu yohlulwe eNtshona naseMpuma. Ngamanye amazwi, sithetha malunga Roman (isiLatin) kunye patristic Greek. Eli candelo lusekelwe kulwimi apho imisebenzi ephambili yale xesha ebhaliweyo. Nangona ezinye Ootata babenqula ngokulinganayo kuzo zombini kobuOthodoki yamaKatolika. Ngokulandelelana, patristic, abameli ezo zichazwe kweli nqaku izigaba ezinkulu ezintathu. Yokuqala waqhubeka kwaze kwiBhunga laseNicaea ngo-325. Le zebhola-akhawunti yakhe iminyaka ukuya ku 451, kodwa ukwehla kwaqhubeka de kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Ixesha de kwiBhunga laseNicaea - okokuqala

Isithethe kwakhona uthi kumaxesha yokuqala waba sele kukho kukho patristic. Abameli babhala imibhalo yakhe yokuqala zonqulo kunye nemimiselo zobomi ecaweni. Ngokuqhelekileyo zibangelwa zezindlu zooyise yeCawa kunye nabapostile, kodwa idatha yembali ngayo wahlala encinane kakhulu. Ubonakala nje ezinjalo, ngaphandle kokuba uPawulos, uPetros, uYakobi kunye nabanye abafundi bakaKristu. Abameli lokuqala patristic ebizwa kwakhona Fathers beCawa. Phakathi kwabo sinokukhumbula uClement eRoma, uTertullian, uCyprian, Lactantius, kunye Novatian. Enkosi kubo, uMenzi patristics Koloni. Izimvo kunye nabameli oku zinxulunyaniswa ngelixa uxolo ukuba ubuKristu. Oko kukuthi, ezi iinkcuba sele bakhe bazama ukubonisa ukuba ukholo lwabo bulumko ngaphezu nto, kodwa kungcono kakhulu iintlanga.

uTertullian

Le ndoda ndiyazingca yaye umnqwazi yaba ukulwa ne-Gnostic. Nangona wachitha ubomi bakhe benza apologetics, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukunika entendeni ukuya lokusekwa lemfundiso ibandla lokuqala. Abacombululele iindawo iingcinga bakhe ngendlela - ngemisebenzi yenkolo ukuba kufunyanwa iingxoxo ugalelwe malunga yokuziphatha, ngokuma kwengqondo. Sinokuthi oku ummeli elikhethekileyo patristic. Kungekho nto, nangona nokuzimisela kwabo kwiimfundiso, ekupheleni kobomi bakhe, waye wajoyina i-ophikisana ngaphakathi ubuKristu - Montanists. UTertullian waba lutshaba kangaka iintlanga, kunye Gnostic, ukuze, wahlaselwa kweentlawulo konke bulumko yamandulo ngokubanzi. Ngokuba kuye yena engunina onke amahlelo kunye ezinxaxhileyo. inkcubeko zamaGrike namaRoma, ukususela umbono wakhe, siyahlukana kwengxondorha lwaya of Christianity, ongayi kuba nako koyiswe. Ngenxa indida ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezingenamandla ze uTertullian kuthelekiswa isenzeko-bulumko patristic. Abameli kwexesha kamva wahamba ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.

Ixesha emva kokuba iBhunga laseNicaea - lokudubula

Ngoku kucingwa iminyaka legolide patristic. Kuya wezimali isambuku uncwadi ebhaliweyo Fathers zeCawa. Eyona ngxaki kwixesha lakudala - ingxoxo malunga uhlobo kaBathathu Emnye, kwakunye ubambene Manichaeans. patristics Western, amalungu uvikele Nicene Creed, liyi iingqondo ezifana Hilary, uMartin UVictorine kunye Amvrosiy Mediolansky. Le yokugqibela wonyulwa ubhishophu Milan, kunye nemisebenzi yakhe ngakumbi ngathi intshumayelo. Waye igunya elikhulu yokomoya ngexesha lakhe. Yena, njengezinye oogxa, yayityhefwe ziingcamango neo-zikaPlato, waye lweli ukutyhilwa yimizekeliso zeBhayibhile.

Augustine

Le ummeli obalaseleyo patristic ebutsheni bakhe ndayithanda Manichaeism. Buyisela emphethweni ubuKristu wamnceda nokushumayela Ambrose. Kamva, wafumana ububingeleli de kwasekufeni kwakhe waba ubishophu waseHippo. Works of Augustine ingaqatshelwa apogee le patristic Latin. eziphambili imisebenzi yawo - "The Confession", "Kwi Emnye," yaye "City of kaThixo." Kuba Augustine, uThixo - Lowo ngumongo iphezulu kwaye ngexesha ofanayo okulungileyo kunye ityala bonke yokuba. Uyaqhubeka ukudala ihlabathi, yaye oku kuboniswe kwimbali yoluntu. UThixo zombini intloko ityala lonke ulwazi kunye nesenzo. Kwihlabathi kukho uluhlu kwezidalwa, kwaye umyalelo ngayo, njengoko ndacinga wezakwalizwi, ukuxhasa iimbono ezifana uPlato kanaphakade. Augustine wayekholelwa ukuba ulwazi kunokwenzeka, kodwa wayeqinisekile ukuba akukho ngqiqo okanye isizathu akakwazi kungakhokelela inyaniso. Iyakwazi ukwenza ukholo kuphela.

ekunyukeni umntu kaThixo nokuthanda ezikhululekileyo ngokwe Augustine

Ukuze othile ezintsha ezenziwe iimfundiso zamaKristu ukuba patristic ummeli, kuba nokuqhubekeka zango ka uTertullian, kodwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo kancinane. Augustine bavumelana ezihlangwini zakhe yokuba umphefumlo womntu ngokwemvelo lamaKristu. Ngoko ke, lo eqhineni uThixo kufuneka ukuba ulonwabo yakhe. Ngaphezu koko, umphefumlo womntu - a sekuba. Oku kuthetha ukuba umphefumlo yinto ngemvelo ukusondela kuThixo, ndinako konke ukwazi; ngokuba - le yindlela kuyo, ukuba ukholo. Umongo yinto yokuzikhethela. Kuyinto ngomphetho-mbini - yinto abakhohlakeleyo kwanabalungileyo. iza kuphela yonke ububi emntwini kuba yokugqibela inoxanduva. Kwaye konke okulungileyo kwenziwa kuphela ngobabalo lukaThixo. Ngaphandle kokuba awukwazi kwenza nto, nokuba umntu uba eyenza konke kube ngokwakho. Ububi, uThixo uvumela ukuba ubukho ngokuvumelana. Augustine waba lweli imfundiso kwekamva. Ngombono wakhe, uThixo pre-kugqiba enoba umphefumlo kwelabafileyo okanye izulu. Kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba uyayazi indlela abantu ukulawula yabo yokuzikhethela.

Augustine ngexesha

Man, njengoko ndandicinga sobulumko lamaKristu, igunya phezu langoku. LikaThixo liyinto enye - umnini elizayo. Kwangaphambi kokusekwa kwehlabathi kwakungekho xesha. Kwaye ngoku kunokuba umqondo engqondweni. Thina siyamazi ingqalelo, edibanisa elidlulileyo kunye inkumbulo, kwaye ikamva - ngethemba. Imbali, ngokutsho Augustine - ke umendo kwisiqalekiso ukuwa wosindiso kunye nobomi obutsha kuThixo. Ngenxa imfundiso ngexesha uxhulumanisa, yaye imfundiso yakhe kusibeka amabini - emhlabeni kunye noThixo. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo kufikwa kakhulu - oko kwavumela nokulwa ngexesha elifanayo. Ihlabathi basemhlabeni ufumana ukunyuka awe, yaye isono sika-Adam lwaluquka nje kuphela yokuba wala ukuba ukuthobela uThixo, kodwa ukuba wanyula izinto kunokuba sifezeke. Ekuphela ummeli ubukumkani bukaThixo emhlabeni, nto leyo kufuneka kwenzeka emva kokuphela kwexesha, ecaweni, umlamli phakathi komntu kunye nehlabathi ephakamileyo. Kodwa wezakwalizwi eyaziwayo, kukho kwakhona eninzi uzixelise umququ. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntu umiselwe ukuphumeza nti, akakwazi ekugqibeleni ukuyenza ngaphandle ebandleni. Emveni kwako konke, uThixo wayefuna oko. Uvavanyo imfundiso Augustine luyathandabuzeka kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba izimvo zakhe wakhonza ekuqulunqweni iimfundiso zamaKristu, ebezikho iminyaka eliwaka, balungisa uHlaziyo.

ixesha yokwehla

Njengalo naluphi na isenzeko zembali, okwahlukeneyo patristic. abameli balo ziqalise inxaxheba kwimiba ngaphezu yezopolitiko kunokuba zenkolo. Ingakumbi xa uqala ukwenza amabango loopopu waseRoma ngamandla wempangelo. Phakathi zobulumko umdla yelo xesha ingabizwa Martianus Capella, NONE-anoDiyonisiyo, Boethius, Isidore waseSeville. Ngaphandle umi Pope Grigoriy Veliky, ekuthiwa yokugqibela umbhali omkhulu era patristic. Noko ke, oko yaziswa kuphela lokuyijonga ngezakwaLizwi, njengokuba incwadi apho uhlelwe imimiselo ngabefundisi, kunye nezakhono besebe.

Eyona engundoqo Iingxaki patristic

Ooyise ibandla wacinga ngokulondoloza isicwangciso kaThixo ngokuphathelele uluntu kunye nendawo ubuKristu phakathi iinkcubeko ezingqongileyo (ebuYudeni, Hellenism, isithethe empuma). Baya bafika kwisigqibo sokuba ukwazi inyaniso yokugqibela akunakwenzeka ngokwendalo. Kuyinto kuphela ngokutyhilelwa. Bavuma ukuba ihlabathi wadalwa nguThixo ngenxa nto, ukuba sele isiqalo nesiphelo. Baye kwavula theodicy kunokuba nzima, ngokutsho apho, ngumtyholwa iphambili nomntu okhohlakeleyo, ukusetyenziswa kakubi inkululeko yabo yokuzikhethela. Umlo namanzi ophikisana evela ngaphakathi nangaphandle ecaweni, kwakunye nokuphuhliswa inokusebenza ziloliwe usiba kunye bezakwalizwi baye isampula yabo imveliso ikhula of buKristu. Patristic, kunye nabameli izimvo eziphambili obubonakala ngasentla, waye ndaba oosinga kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi zombini izithethe empuma nasentshona beCawa.