Imfundiso egoism olwamkelweyo: inkcazo, umongo kunye ngcamango

Xa bulumko incoko yababini uqalisa bachatshazelwa yi kwithiyori egoism obengo, engathandi pops ifani Chernyshevskogo N. G., multi-amaninzi kunye nombhali, sobulumko, umbhali-mbali, begxeka ezinkulu izinto. Didenko iye sathatha bonke best - umlinganiswa proof, umnqweno hlamarisaka inkululeko, engqondweni ecacileyo enengqondo. Imfundiso egoism olwamkelweyo Chernyshevskogo - oku elinye inyathelo kuphuhliso bulumko.

definition

Phantsi egoism kwande kufuneka iqondwe isikhundla bulumko awumiselayo noludumileyo umntu ngamnye izithakazelo zabo phezu izilangazelelo zabanye abantu kunye noluntu ngokubanzi.

Umbuzo ngulo: yintoni egoism olwamkelweyo kwahlukile ukuzingca ukuphila ukuqonda kwakhe? Abaxhasi egoism olwamkelweyo bathi ukuba egoist ucinga kuphela ngokwakhe. Nangona egoism kwande ukungahoywa engeluncedo lwanto ezinye ubuntu, yaye yinto nje isimo sengqondo isiqu kuyo yonke into, kodwa kubonakala kuphela nje elifutshane elizayo, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu nje ukumatha.

Ngamanye amazwi, le self-inzala olwamkelweyo ekunokuthiwa ukukwazi ukuba baphile ezabo izinto kunye nezimvo, ngaphandle iphikisane izimvo zabanye.

A incinane

egoism inengqondo kuvela nkqu kumaxesha amandulo, xa uAristotle wamthabatha kwindima ka njengenye yeekhomponenti ingxaki ubuhlobo.

Ngaphezu koko, ngexesha Education French, Helvétius kuqwalaselwa yokuzingca elifanelekileyo njengoko nakwenzeka bahlalisane ukulingana lebyi phakathi yokuzingca uthando lwabantu kunye nezibonelelo zoluntu.

Ufundo ngakumbi kule Imbambano Feuerbach L. Ngokutsho kuye, isidima sobuntu isekelwe phezu nemvo yolwaneliseko ukusuka ulwaneliseko lomnye umntu.

Uphando olunzulu kwengcamango egoism kusengqiqweni ezifunyenweyo Chernyshevsky. Kuye ngokusekelwe utoliko egoism ngamnye njengembonakaliso eluncedo yoluntu luphela. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukuba inkampani, abucala oluntu umdla nazo, le yokugqibela kufanele bonke.

imibono Chernyshevskogo

indlela sobulumko yabo umbhali lwaqala Hegel, besithi zonke anazo kuphela kuye. Ukubambelela kwintanda-bulumko Hegel kunye izimvo Chernyshevsky kunjalo bazitshitshisela conservatism yakhe. Kwaye ukuba wayeqhelene imibhalo yakhe yokuqala, uqala ukwala ukuba ukhangela aze abone ifilosofi Hegelian of nobubi singapheliyo:

• UMdali mhaka Hegel yaba umoya ingundoqo kunye ingcamango epheleleyo.
• Ingqondo kunye ingcamango yaba imikhosi eziqhuba zophuhliso.
• conservatism Hegel kunye nokuzimisela kwakhe inkqubo feudal-absolutist kweli lizwe.

Ngenxa yoko, Chernyshevsky baqalisa ukugxininisa ubumbaxa kwethiyori Hegel kwaye ukumgxeka abe sobulumko. Inzululwazi iye yaqhubeka ngokwanda, nentanda-bulumko Hegel ngayo umbhali sele aluphele yaye iphelelwe intsingiselo.

Hegel - Feuerbach

Abanelisekanga bulumko Hegelian Chernyshevsky wajika nemisebenzi Ludwig Feuerbach, awayenzayo kamva kuye sobulumko ekuthiwa utitshala wakhe.

Kwinqaku yakhe "Le Ute of Christianity," Feuerbach uthi uhlobo kwaye ingqondo yomntu zohlukile enye kwenye, yaye unqulo ephezulu udalwe kunye nomfanekiso- kwabantu, kubonisa ukuba ngamnye uqobo lwakhe. Le mbono iphefumlelwe gqitha yi Chernyshevsky, waza wafumana kuwo oko ikufunayo.

Nokuba elubhacweni, wabhalela noonyana bakhe malunga ogqibeleleyo kwintanda-bulumko Feuerbach , nokuba ngumlandeli bakhe abathembekileyo.

Kakuhle eli ngobhalo egoism nenengqiqo

Imfundiso olwamkelweyo self-umdla imisebenzi Chernyshevsky wawusalathiswa unqulo, isimilo kunye yimibono zenkolo. Ngokutsho umbhali, umntu uyamthanda yena kuphela. Nokuba ukuzingca ushukumisa abantu ukuba bathabathe amanyathelo.

UNikolay Gavrilovich emsebenzini wakhe kubonisa ukuba iinjongo abantu ayisekho impilo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ke lonke uluhlu abantu unqwenela ukwenza ngenye kwindalo, ngokomthetho efanayo. Igama lalo mthetho - egoism efanele.

Zonke izenzo zabantu zisekelwe iingcamango zomntu kwinzuzo wakhe buqu kunye ntle. Umzekelo, i-self-inzala olwamkelweyo kungathathwa njengombingelelo babantu ubomi bakhe ngenxa yothando okanye ubuhlobo, ngenxa inzala. Nkqu isenzo esinjalo kuba ukubala kunye flash ukuzingca zobuqu.

Yintoni na le ngcamango egoism olwamkelweyo ngokwe Chernyshevsky? Isibakala sokuba lobuqu neminqweno yabantu aziphikisani kunye noluntu kwaye ayikho ngokubachasa, nabanye bazuze. Kuphela imigaqo enjalo yamkelwe yaye wazama ukuba badlulisele kwabanye ababhali.

Imfundiso egoism olwamkelweyo gqaba washumayela Tchernyshevskiy njengoko ingcamango i "ngabantu abatsha."

Le ngcamango theory

Imfundiso egoism olwamkelweyo ivavanye inzuzo ubuhlobo babantu kunye ukhetho yabo inzuzo. Ukususela ngokombono thiyori, njengokubonisa ukungazingci kunye nothando kukhona lutho ngokupheleleyo. Baye intsingiselo kuphela ezo mpawu zezi mpawu, nto leyo ebangela PR, ingeniso, njalo-njalo. N.

Phantsi egoism kwande ukuqonda ukukwazi ukufumana indawo ephakathi ubuchule zobuqu kunye neemfuno zabanye. Ukongeza, ngamnye isekelwe kuphela self-uthando. Kodwa ingqondo, omnye liyaqonda ukuba kukho ukucinga nje yena, siya kukhangelana ezahlukeneyo enkulu imiba, befuna ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zakho kuphela. Ngenxa yoko, abantu beza ukulinganiselwa zobuqu. Kodwa oku kwenziwa kwakhona, kungekhona ngenxa yothando kwabanye, kodwa ngenxa self-uthando. Ngoko ke, kule meko kuyacetyiswa ukuba bathethe egoism efanele.

Ukubonakalalisa ingcamango kwinoveli "Yintoni ntoni?"

Ekubeni ingcamango usembindini kwithiyori Chernyshevsky kwakukho ubomi egameni lomnye umntu, ngoko oku koko simanyene abalinganiswa inoveli yakhe "Yintoni ntoni?".

Imfundiso olwamkelweyo self-umdla kwinoveli "Yintoni ntoni?" Ukuvakalisa nto na eyenye, zonke ngaxeshanye malunga ethical, imfuneko yoncedo macala kunye ukuzisa nabantu kunye. Heroes yenoveli koko exhuma. Umthombo ulonwabo kwabo - ukukhonza abantu kunye nempumelelo unobangela, nto leyo ke intsingiselo ebomini babo.

Imithetho-siseko ye-theory zisebenze kunye ubomi ngayo abalinganiswa. Chernyshevsky wabonisa ukuba ukuthanda indlela ngokupheleleyo wabonisa uluntu ngamnye ubuso.

Man unenlightened kubonakala ukuzingca emxinwa-nye yenoveli Maria Alekseevna Heroine lisondele kakhulu kukuzingca le "ngabantu abatsha." Kodwa umongo walo kuphela ukuba ejoliswe kwiziko mvelo kukulunga kunye nolonwabo. inzuzo kuphela ngamnye kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno zoluntu, ezichongwe kunye neminqweno yabantu abasebenzayo.

ulonwabo Lonely ayisekho. Uyolo lomntu ngamnye kuxhomekeke ekonwabeni zonke ntle ngokolawulo uluntu.

Chernyshevsky njenge sobulumko akazange bakhusela ukuzingca kwintsingiselo yalo ngqo. Amaqhawe egoism ubengo kwinoveli uchonga iingenelo zayo ukuze kuzuze abanye abantu. Umzekelo, ukhupha Vera kwingcinezelo sasekhaya, sibakhulule ukusuka imfuneko ukutshata kungabi ngenxa yothando kunye ngokuqinisekisa ukuba uthanda Kirsanov, Lopukhov ungena izithunzi. Lo ngomnye umzekelo ngokubonakala egoism ubengo, xa inoveli Chernyshevsky kaThixo.

Imfundiso egoism olwamkelweyo - isiseko zeentanda-bulumko kwinoveli, apho kungekho ndawo kukuzingca, ukubawa entsha exabisekileyo. Iziko yenoveli na umntu, amalungelo akhe, impatho yakhe. Le umbhali ubiza ukuba bashiye kwoqwebo etshabalalisayo ukuze kuphunyezwe ulonwabo lokwenene babantu, enoba iimeko ezibi okanye undikhonzise ubomi bakhe.

Nangona eli bali labhalwa kwi ngenkulungwane ye-19, iziseko zayo ezisebenzayo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.