Pet Arkadevich Stolypin: umzobo yembali kwisiqalo ngexesha

Pet Arkadevich Stolypin ngomnye amanani ezigqamileyo kunye kwembali Russian kwi ngokuvela yasebukhosini. Ubomi bakhe bonke sanikezelwa kwinkonzo karhulumente. Yena wayeyirhuluneli kwiindawo ezimbini, umphathiswa elingaphakathi kunye inkulumbuso, kwaye isigqibo sakhe ukutshintsha ubomi waka abemi beli lizwe.

Esakhula

Stolypin wazalwa ngo-1862. Waye ummeli lentsapho amanene yeengcungcu. Imbongi uMikhail Lermontov ngowakhe umzala yesibini. UPetros wachitha ebuntwaneni bakhe yokuqala kwilifa ipoma, uze apha kwiphondo Kovno. Wafunda kwi Vilna kunye Orel (uyise emkhosini yaye ngokufuthi utshintshe indawo yakhe yokuhlala).

WeMfundo ePhakamileyo Stolypin, umfanekiso imbali ongayi ngaphandle echaza kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, wafumana e St. Petersburg Imperial University physics kanye nakwimathematika nkululeko.

ezisemthethweni ngempumelelo

iminyaka elishumi (ukususela ngowe-1889 ukuya 1902), igosa oselula eyayibanjelwe e Kovno, apho waba yalelani yesithili yezikhulu. Kamva, waba irhuluneli Grodno kunye Saratov. Kungenxa kulo mzi iVolga, Stolypin, nto leyo umfanekiso yembali ngaye ukulwa kunye Revolution, wadibana imfazwe Russian-Japanese kunye luphumelela 1905.

E Saratov, kwakunye kulo lonke elo lizwe, ukuphazamiseka kwavuka. Peter Arkadevich wakwazi ekuthobeni ngempumelelo kwiphondo owayamileyo. Apha, intlokoma revolution itshayelwe siyathandaza kakhulu.

Minister of the Interior kunye noMphathiswa Prime

impumelelo Stolypin kaThixo kwaqatshelwa yi umlawuli. Nicholas wammisa Minister of the Interior. Le posi into yokuba waphupha Stolypin. kwimvelaphi yezembali lo mfanekiso ixesha ithetha ngaye lweli umyalelo omdala. Kungenxa ukunyaniseka kwakhe ukumkani, akaba nako ukwala ukumkani.

Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, waba inkulumbuso. abonakale Historical uPetros Stolypin akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle ukukhankanywa yongquzulwano balo abasisigxina kunye Duma. Socialist akazange avumele ukuba sibeke imithetho. Ngenxa yoko, ababini iPalamente ukuba sele iqhawulwa ngaphambi shedyuli, kunye noMphathiswa iNkulumbuso waba ngumntu kwesigele ukuba benkululeko kunye nezinye eliphikisayo.

Yintoni na umfanekiso imbali Stolypin? Ngokufutshane, wazama ukuba ukugcina inkqubo endala. Noko ke, naye unako ukulalanisa. Umzekelo, kumaphondo wasentshona wabonakala ibhunga lesithili. Ngelo xesha Prime Minister laqalisa ukuzimela eliqingqiweyo Finland ngaphakathi yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

Stolypin Pet Arkadevich (abonakale zembali maxa uqala zibonakala ziphikisana) ukuba eneneni umntu ziyafana kakhulu kwaye siseko kunye nemigaqo yakhe.

ukubulawa

nengxoxo Stolypin kaThixo nzima kwimiba emininzi kuye kwakhokelela nje kuphela nokugxekwa luluntu kwezopolitiko, kodwa isisongelo ngqo ebomini. Kwakunzima 11 iinzame (Ndicinga ukuba eli nani ufana kuphela inani akuphumelelanga abagrogrisi nxamnye Alexander II).

Ukuhlasela yokuqala Stolypin yenzekile ngexesha xa wayeyirhuluneli Saratov. Noko ke, le umzamo kakubi nemibutho waya bakhokele nto.

I-dubulo kwisiqithi avumba limnandi

Xa uPetros Abramovich wafudukela eSt Petersburg, kwikomkhulu babemlindile ngolunya. Ngo-Agasti 1906, i-dubulo kwi-Pomakazi wenziwa igosa, apho wayebambe wondamkela rhoqo ngabemi. siqithi avumba limnandi lathwaxwa iliza enamandla. Abalweli olukhulu wangena yokwamkela iindwendwe phantsi benze ukuqhushumba bavuthela up. abagrogrisi yabiza ubomi babantu-24. Inkoliso yabo iindwendwe weza Stolypin kunye olithandayo. Kwakhona wabulala Governor Penza Sergei Khvostov kunye ukuhlangula ngokuthi lobuqu Peter Abramovich - Alexander Zamyatin. Okuzibonela akhanyele ukuba bavale umfundisi kuqhuma.

Ukongeza, eyonakeleyo intombi Stolypin. Oogqirha Wanyanzelisa uNatalie kwafuneka nquma umlenze. Uyise wamcenga ukuba elinye ukusebenza. Ngenxa yoko, wakwazi ukugcina imilenze yakhe, kodwa intombi yakhe wahlala abakhubazekileyo. Stolypin ngokwakhe wenzakele yi-dubulo: yayingeyiyo nomkrwelo. Bronze inkwell phezu kwedesika yakhe ibubutyobo udonga, splattered kuyo.

iinkundla Military

Indlela abasabela ngayo uhlaselo yayinzima kakhulu. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva urhulumente ubhengeze ukuba iinkundla-karate kuqaliswa kweli lizwe. Babenaso Ilungelo lokuwisa isigwebo sentambo. Oku nakakhulu Haskalah kunye noluntu namaza.

Kuloo ntlanganiso, i-yeCadet Duma Rodichev kwintetho yakhe wasebenzisa ibinzana elithi "Stolypin necktie" (nje lo kuba ndzhendzheleko emthini). Eli binzana iye imbali (ibangwa ubukhulu becala zezifundo Soviet, leyo gadalala Stolypin wabiza zinkuni kwegazi). INkulumbuso waba kuloo ntlanganiso odumileyo ucaphukile yabangela Rodicheva ukuya Kungquzulwano ngenxa gadalala nodandatheko. Kamva, isekela uxolo ngenxa yamazwi akhe.

izilingo endle Military ziye into ukugxekwa yi ingqondo. Umzekelo, Count Leo Tolstoy bachukunyiswa sesi sigqibo wabhala inqaku odumileyo, "Andikwazi tu!", Yiyiphi wagxeka mercilessly urhulumente. Kungekudala, phakathi wababhali kunye iNkulumbuso wathabatha imbalelwano polemical, leyo ngoku kwicandelo likarhulumente. UTolstoy kuye kwaxhaswa ezifana manani indumasi Alexander Blok, Z Andreev kunye kulya Repin.

ukufa

Ukuhlaselwa okujoliswe inkulumbuso, kwaqhubeka emveni kokuba episode kwisiqithi avumba limnandi. Amadela washiywa Stolypin. abonakale sembali yale ndoda kwavela kakhulu kamva, yaye ngemihla yakhe ube engogwetyiweyo zonke iingxaki kweli lizwe.

KaSeptemba 1, 1911 (Old Style), Kiev yayiliziko ingqalelo lonke ilizwe. Kukho wavula isikhumbuzo Alexander II imbeko sikhumbuzo sama-50 ekukhululweni abalimi. Isixeko Stolypin, kwakunye yonke indlu yakomkhulu. Zindwendwe ezibalulekileyo waya Kiev Theatre, apho umdlalo ngafakwa Pushkin kaThixo "I Tale of Tsar Saltan".

iziganeko zifuna amanyathelo awodwa ukhuseleko. isebe Security, nto leyo linoxanduva nkqubo, nje phambi kokuba lifumene inkcazelo ukuba ezinye abagrogrisi balungiselela omnye kuhlaselwa losapho lobukumkani kunye inkulumbuso. Oku ingxelo ngumntu enikezwe imfihlelo nguDmitry Bogrov, yena waye arhente kabini iinkonzo ezizodwa kunye radicals.

Noko ke, ukhuseleko wenza impazamo ebulalayo yokuthembela lo mfana. umfundi bengagqibanga wayefuna ukwenza kude nge Stolypin. Njengomntu enikezwe, got a itikiti le show. Epokothweni ukuba ivolovolo ilayishe. Ngexesha lekhefu Bogrov waya Petru Arkadevichu, ngelo xesha wathetha kunye noMphathiswa eyadini - Fredericks. Lo mfana wenza kabili. I kwibhulethi yokuqala wabetha isandla Stolypin, owesibini inzolo eyayikho umnqamlezo St. Vladimir ngesifuba kwaye ricocheted ukuya esibindini. Behlaselwa kubanjwa ngoko nangoko kwaye wabulawa emva kwetyala.

INkulumbuso, ukopha, umnqamlezo phezu kukumkani, lowo kufutshane, wahlala esihlalweni sakhe kunye ibinzana elithi "banoyolo kulufela Tsar", emva koko wathunyelwa esibhedlele. Apho walala iintsuku ezintathu wafa amanxeba kakhulu. abonakale kwimbali Stolypin yenza kucace - nto yaba wenguquko olukhulu kurhulumente. Kungenxa intransigence yayo kunye nezigqibo ngesiquphe wayeza yokudutyulwa abagrogrisi amaninzi, owokugqibela wona kuyenzeka ukuba ukubulala.

uvavanyo kwanokubaluleka

INkulumbuso wazama ukugcina neNgonyama. Nangona ubudlelwane ezinzima nge Nicholas II, yena usoloko wahlala enyanisekile kumlawuli. wokuguqula baye baqalisa ukuba kuchaphazela phantse nangoko emva kokufa kwakhe. Ekulweni abagrogrisi mbuso iyamcamagusha eli lizwe. yokuvuselelwa kwemihlaba uye wenza ukuba izigidi zabantu ukuya ngasempuma kwaye wenze uqoqosho kukhona uqobo. Eli lizwe ahlanganiswe ngokukhawuleza yaye ngowe-1913 ifikelele incopho yayo kwezoqoqosho. Developed kushishino, ikhula ezolimo kunye noshishino. Nangona uvavanyo polar, kwezinye iindawo urhulumente kunye uDuma baye bafunda ukuba ukusebenza kunye nabanye.

Omnye wabantu owenza kunokwenzeka, yaba uPyotr Stolypin. umzobo ngembali igosa laseburhulumenteni yaqala ivele kakhulu kamva. Kuphela kwiilwimi zesiNtu, kwaye kwacaca ukuba yonke imigudu yakhe baye baba luncedo kakhulu kweli lizwe.

Kodwa loo migudu Prime mPhathiswa baba lilize. Ngowe-1914, i-kokuqhambuka leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Austria weza angavumelani Serbia, leyo eRussia kwemingxilo ubudlelwane. Ekubeni nokuxhela Double phakathi Amanyeneyo kunye namagunya central. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba Stolypin ebeya Akunganqandeki ukumkani ukuya emfazweni, kodwa yena akasekho. iphulo elide kwakhokelela ekukhuleni ukunganeliseki yentlalo ekugqibeleni revolution, abatshabalalisa isimo Tsarist. abonakale kwimbali P. A. Stolypina njengoko ukulwa kunye radicals wayengasulelwanga eminyaka. Urhulumente yiSoviet uye wabona kwi iphambili yasebukhosini utshaba lwakhe ezimbi.