Plateau Iranian: indawo, indawo, imithombo yendawo zendalo kunye neempawu

Highlands, nto leyo eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku zezona lawona kwaye inkulu yonke wasePersi. Wakubeka macala onke aphezulu, zimiswe ngokwemigca eziliqela nasentshonalanga ziyahlangana ngasentshona nasempumalanga, nokwakha i Pamir kunye ezalathelwe yokunqumbana Armenian.

Malunga indawo ye Iran Plateau, izinto awohluke isiqabu wayo, malunga izityalo kunye nezilwanyana zonke ezi ndawo, kwakunye nolunye ulwazi ingafumaneka kweli nqaku.

Total ulwazi neznye

Ngokwakheka ithafa Iranian - enye inxalenye kwipleyiti eYurophu, nto leyo acudisiweyo phakathi Plate Indian kunye Plate Arabiya.

ezintabeni Eyisongile ke Zinokuxutywa amathafa kunye nezitya intermountain. Ukudakumba phakathi kweentaba yazala impahla Ingxenye enkulu nesanti clastic leyo efika apho ezintabeni ezingqongileyo. Imimandla ezisezantsi nemingxuma kanye esiyi emachibini, kudala loma waza washiya iyaxela enkulu gypsum netyuwa.

I indawo okuyo yasethafeni Iranian

Iran - ithafa likhulu kummandla uqhankqalazo i Near East. Yaye uninzi kokuba ibekwe ngaphakathi Iran kunye Afghanistan nasePakistan, ingena ivela empumalanga.

Inxalenye esemantla inabela kwelisezantsi Turkmenistan, kunye nomda osemazantsi kunye Iraq ibamba. babeziindleko ezinkulu ithatha Plateau Iranian. zika yayo: 12.533333 ° - ekwizibanzi, 41.385556 ° - Longitude.

zezwe

Kuba oluchazwe Plateau ngokulandelelana uphawu entabeni umhlaba enkulu, nezihlambo ukuba iintaba, imozulu eyomileyo kwaye ukwanda kwe-semi-entlango nenkqantosi nenkangeleko. Neentsontelo ezintabeni ibekwe kwimimandla umda, siyahlukana iingontsi umhlaba ezisezantsi zogqunyelelwe. Le yokugqibela lukwaquka ngokungaphelelanga ngaphakathi mmandla.

Ezi iintaba engaphandle idibane zase Armenian (kwi-ntshona) kunye Pamir (kwi-mpuma), wakha iindawo enkulu intaba. Kwaye ke uluhlu obhudlayo chain litheni zikude enye kwenye, yaye iindawo therebetween na misinga ezininzi, iintaba agudle.

Imvelaphi yegama Highlands

ihewu Iranian ukuba nentsimi enkulu, ndawo leyo malunga 2.7 yezigidi iinyawo square. khilomitha, ubude baso ukusuka entshona ukuya empuma neekhilomitha 2,500, ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi - 1500 km. Inxalenye enkulu yayo kubekwe phezu kummandla Iran (kuthatha malunga 2/3 yendawo), ngokunxulumene ngayo unalo igama Highlands. Inxalenye yommandla ibandakanya eminye imimandla Afghanistan nasePakistan.

Isikakhulu emaphethelweni wayo emantla ilele ngaphakathi Turkmen-Khorasan Iintaba (inxalenye ezintabeni Kopet Dag), kwaye iinxenye esentshona kuyo - phezu imimandla Iraqi.

ukukhululeka

nsimu enkulu kuhlala Plateau Iranian. Ingongoma eliphezulu nto kwiindawo zayo zangaphakathi.

Phantse yonke le nkqubo kwimimandla ekumzantsi abekelwe uba luphawu, phantse iimpawu ezifanayo komhlaba kunye nezakhiwo. Mount apha unamalunga ukuphakama efanayo (ukusuka ngeemitha 1500 ukuya kuma-2500) yaye kuphela kwisabelo esisezantsi (zeZagros) ukufikelela kubude ngaphezu kwama-4000 m.

Nakummango ezi ntaba enxuseneyo ityathanga, isongiwe yodwa yaye lisongwe Cainozoic Mesozoic amatye, phakathi apho ukuxinezeleka ububanzi (ukuphakama kuyimitha-1,500 ukuya 2,000).

Kwakhona apha kwimiwonyo ezininzi, crosswise, kodwa zasendle yaye emxinwa, ukuba nzima ukuba. Kodwa kukho ezixananazileyo emfuleni ngokubanzi kwaye luvuleleka, ekuthe indlela yokunxibelelana nabanye unxweme kunye eyoyame ihewu nganye.

Inxalenye engaphakathi Highlands lingqongwe kakuhle ajike entabeni. Elbrus ise kwi arc kumantla kunye Damavand mlilo (ukuphakama kwayo 5604 m). Kananjalo apha ke iintaba Turkmen-Khorasan (kubandakanywa i-Kopet Dagh), Paropamiz, Hindu Kush (Tirich Mir waye ukuphakama phezulu 7690 m - ephakeme kunazo yasethafeni Iranian).
Ezinye ezininzi iincopho aphezulu kwiinduli akhiwa mlilo extinct kunye ezibolayo.

Minerals enkangala Iranian

Mineral oovimba ezisezintabeni kancinane bafunda kwaye isetyenziswe kakuhle, kodwa, kuyabonakala ukuba, ukuba zinkulu kakhulu. Ubutyebi iphambili yale ngingqi amafutha, oluninzi zolondolozo bakwezolimo kwaye ziphuhliswe e-Iran (emazantsi-ntshona). Ezi iidipozithi zinxulunyaniswa Mesozoic kunye Miocene yinduli esezantsi kolundi aphambuke (of the zeZagros). Likwayiqonda into yokuba ubukho zolondolozo ezizizembiwa kumantla Iran, kwimimandla nezihlambo zazo South lweCaspian (Azerbaijan kummandla ka-Iran).

ihewu Iranian uye neetyuwa yayo namalahle (kwi nezitya zeentaba umda ingxenye). iidipozithi ezaziwayo ilothe, nobhedu, nesinyiti, igolide, izinc njalo njalo. Ngaba kwiindawo ingaphakathi kwi nakummango abekelwe yasethafeni Iranian, kodwa ke uphuhliso lwabo isekhona zingabalulekanga.

Kunye neetyuwa oovimba emikhulu: isodiyam, potassium kunye Glauber. Xa ityuwa southern iye ubudala Cambrian kwaye uphahla netyuwa enamandla, phezu komhlaba. Kukho Ityuwa kunye nakwezinye iindawo ezininzi, ukanti ezifakwe ecaleni lomlambo amachibi ezininzi kwimimandla engundoqo ye-Highlands.

iimeko zemozulu

Phantse zonke Plateau Iranian phakathi kummandla sikwisubtropic. iinxalenye zayo zangaphakathi, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, singqongwe ziintaba. Oku kugqiba imozulu lehewu Iranian kunye neempawu zayo - ukoma, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ehlotyeni, kunye nemisinga yayo.

Isishwankathelo kwezulu iwela ngaphakathi Plateau kumaxesha ebusika nasentlakohlaza ngaphambili polar, apho umoya le iinkanyamba therealong engena kwi-Atlantic. Kuba inxenye enkulukazi intercepting ukufuma Ibanga GVW imvula iphantsi apha kule ndawo.
Umzekelo, ingaphakathi (. Deshte-LUT kunye njl) ifunyenwe kwi-100 mm kwemvula ngexesha lonyaka, nelamaxandeka zasentshona - 500 mm, kwaye oriental - hayi ngaphezulu kwe-300 mm. Kuphela unxweme oLwandle lweCaspian kunye Elbrus (ithambeka yayo emantla) ukufumana ukuya ku-2 amawaka. Mm kwemvula, wona lawo asondezwayo imimoya lasemantla ukusuka kwiindawo Sea lweCaspian ehlotyeni. Kule ndawo kukho ukufuma olukhulu, yaye kunzima nkqu nabantu basekuhlaleni.

ihewu Iranian ine iqondo lobushushu avareji ngoJulayi ezinkulu zomhlaba - kwisithuba 24 ° C. Kumaziko nelezihlambo, ingakumbi Southern, sukube ufikelela 32 ° C. Kukho kwakhona iindawo apho lobushushu yasehlotyeni kufika kumgomo 40-50, nto leyo ehambisana kunye nokusekwa komoya yetropika phezu kwezi ndawo. Winter kwiindawo ezininzi kummandla kuyabanda. South lweCaspian nelezihlambo (komzantsi) kuphela ukuba i-avareji ngoJanuwari lobushushu kuluhlu 11-15 ° C.

umhlaba emifuno

Umthamo kwezulu, maxesha kunye nobude nokufumba zabo phezu komhlaba, inkangala ingakumbi Chaza ekhula ngazo izityalo zendalo. ihewu Iranian unamahlathi neqhelekileyo kuphela kwiindawo ezithile kumathambeka, kwicala zibheke imimoya efumileyo.

Ingakumbi ubukhulu natyebileyo kumafa amahlathi broadleaf ezimila emathafeni yaseMzantsi lweCaspian namathambeka osecaleni Elbrus ukuba ezinobude malunga 2000 m.

Uninzi afumaneka kwemioki nezompleyini apha kunye nabanye bakhe iintlobo, hornbeam, beech, ubusi inkumbi ibhokisi-imithi lweCaspian, nezentsimbi ekrwada yentsimbi (sikhona eMzantsi lweCaspian), ndimkhathalela. Imithana (undergrowth) - hawthorn, nomrharnate, Plum. Ukunyuka izityalo - uthangazana, ivy, BlackBerry kunye clematis.

Gorilla amahlathi Zinokuxutywa kwiindawo afumileyo, ayegqunyelelwe iingcongolo kunye sedges kunye. zokuhlala Kufuphi ukwandisa iigadi, kumasimi citrus, namasimi erayisi (kwiindawo nokufuma ngaphezulu).

Kumathambeka akumazantsi zeZagros ikhula oki, uthuthu, maple, Zinokuxutywa kwemimirtile ngamandongo-. amahlathi zepistasi, umthi wejunipha apho, yaye kumathambeka kakuhle nisela Turkmen-Khorasan ezintabeni Suleiman kunye Paropamiz. Up ikakhulu kugcwele amatyholo kunye amadlelo zasezintabeni ezintle.

emhlabeni izilwanyana

Plateau Iranian njengenxalenye zezilo sawo izinto Mediterranean, kwakunye kwimimandla angabamelwane: South Asia nase-Afrika.

Emantla, ikhaya ezinye izilwanyana Central Asia. Ukongeza kwezi abemi amahlathi zasentla, ezifana nezamaxhamakazi, ibhere omdaka, wafumana apha kunye amarhamncwa ekweleenjiko - nehlosi kunye amahlosi. Kunye ezime bahlala ematyholweni afumileyo.
Ngomhla ngaphakathi Highlands, amathafa baphila iigusha neebhokhwe zasezintabeni, antelopes namabhadi, iikati zasendle, oodyakalashe nezikrekrethi ezahlukeneyo. Xa yemihlaba Zonke ezi zilwanyana zingentla ahlangana southern namabhadi.

A ntlobo zeentaka bafumana nomkhosi wabo babemise kwezi ndawo, ingakumbi lacustrine kunye riverine ematyholweni nemigxobhozo: amadada, amarhanisi, flamingos, ingabangaba. Kwaye ehlathini of iinkwali zifumaneka kwiindawo entlango evulekile ngakumbi - jay, Ryabkov yaye ezinye iintaka inyama.

Xa ndiqukumbela, ezinye iingxaki inkangala iindawo

Phantse ummandla nzuzo ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamanzi. Kuphela kwiindawo ezimbalwa ezibonelelwa ngayo. imilambo Full-engatshiyo, aqukuqelayo kuLwandle lweCaspian, kwenzeka kuphela ngasentla. Ubuninzi yamanzi kummandla yasethafeni Iranian akukho flow ngokusisigxina lomelezwe ngamanzi kuphela xa kunetha okanye kuvulelwa.

Inxalenye imilambo kwabo eliphezulu abe amanzi rhoqo, kwaye ke ixesha elide ukuba yome kwabo phakathi ngokuhla. E Gulf (Gulf of Oman kunye Persian) eyele imilambo ezininzi ezincinane. Uninzi lwemilambo yasezintabeni (kubandakanywa inkulu, Helmand, ubude balo - 1000 km) bobabo nezitya amanzi lwangaphakathi, baya kuwa emachibini ityuwa okanye zigcine imigxobhozo ityuwa okanye imigxobhozo emathafeni. Indima yabo ayinkulwanga: unnavigable, ifana nje imithombo ye-eneji.

Luphawu kusetyenziswa ezi kwamanzi okunkcenkceshela. Kunye imilambo kwimimandla kwi ephumayo ukusuka kwimithombo yamanzi ashushu kohlaza aluhlaza obalaseleyo.