Russian engange yesilivere; ukuzala nokupheliswa

Nkqu kwixesha pre-Mongol ngenkulungwane XI, iinkosana Kievan waqalisa ukuba bavelise ezabo ezinkozo zodumo zabo. Eyaziwa imali Svyatopolk, Vladimir I and Yaroslav. Inyaniso kukuba ngelo xesha lancipha kokuqhekeka zemali amazwe. Kodwa njengoko imfuneko imali ukwandisa, iinkosana baqalisa ukuba zenziwe ngentsimbi yayo. Nangona kunjalo, zonke ezi ngqekembe yaveliswa hi mpimo lowutsongo hayi ixesha elide.

Ruble Russian: inkqubo ukuzala

Wabonakala kwinkulungwane XIII futhi ofana bar evuthelweyo zesilivere sisinye na grams ngaphezulu kwama-200, cishe sinqunyulwe eziphelweni. Yinto eyaziwayo yemihla kunye neeleta ezinde-amaxolo. Kwezinye imithombo ekuthiwa engange zinqunqwe grivenka, yaye nantsi kutheni. Okokuqala bathulula emxinwa elongate ingot zesilivere, uze uphinde basike lunqamle libe zizabelo - hryvnia. ubunzima wabo ngeenxa 200 grams. Ezi etshe hryvnia-engange ezifunyenweyo ekuthiwa, okanye engange nje. Ezinye izazinzulu uchaze imvelaphi ilizwi eyahlukileyo. Wayekholelwa ukuba evela igama unit wemali ka-India - ". Iinkomo" "rupee", nto leyo ithetha Kungenakwenzeka ukuba lo mazwi.

Kopeynye imali

imali engange Silver sasetyenziswa ukwenziwa zemali ezincinane. Ngokuba lo grivenka Wasolula yaba ucingo yahlulwa ibe ngamacetyana. Ngamnye kubo ngoko atshabalalisa kwaye lenza imali. E Moscow, imali engange Wajika 200, yaye Novgorod ngomhla we-16 ngaphezulu. Ngexesha lokulawula Ioanna Groznogo unina, Elena Glinsky, iinkosana abakwazanga ngokuzimeleyo ukuze zetyeleba iingqekembe yayo nganye. Kuye kwamiselwa inkqubo yemali, ziqhelekileyo onke karhulumente enkulu. Le ngqekembe ngoku kubalwa ngokungqinelana nemithetho engqongqo. Kwase we njengesiqhelo thina kopecks iingqekembe zesiliva engaqhelekanga-ezimise nge umfanekiso okhwele ihashe ngomkhonto. Unyaka zemveliso zemali Russian waqala ukubeka kuphela ukususela ngexesha Tsar Fedor Ivanovich.

Russian engange yesilivere: yokuduka obusemfihlekweni

Ukufunda imbali yehlabathi ibonisa ukuba ngaphambi kokufika eziinkozo badlale indima etshe imali. Kwaye Russia - phezu koko. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane eziliqela, ngexesha imali, kwaye ngesiquphe - kwakhona etshe. Kubonakala amangalisayo, kodwa iyinyaniso. Uphuhliso olulolunye eRashiya lefom yemali iziganeko ezithile zembali kumthwalo. Kubonakala ukuba le XII-XIII eminyaka umhlaba united ngaphambili kwakhona zahlulwe zibe izilawuli eziliqela. Ngokulandelelanayo, yaye wayeka zazinegama iingqekembe, okufanayo lonke elo lizwe. Njengokuba amaqhosha imali yesilivere ngentsimbi isetyenziswe kwakhona. Umahluko kuphela kukuba ngoku ubunzima kakuhle echazwe nemilo.

Russian engange yesilivere: ukubuyiselwa

Ngokuthe ngcembe shwaka ukujikeleza nemivalo, kunye efimki. Imali eRashiya waqhubeka ukukholelwa engange, kodwa ingqekembe ayizange yayingekabikho. Le imali engange kuphela unit ezimiselweyo akhawunti. Phantsi Peter I ejikelezayo ezi iipeni yisilivere polkopeyki. Coins, ingakumbi abo ezincinane, kodwa akwanelanga. UPenny ngelo xesha zibaluleke kangangokuba akukho nto bananise, yaye kwenziwa iziqwenga 2-3. Ngamnye kubo ngasemva yabo. Ngokutsho kummiselo Peter I yesilivere Russian engange ngohlobo eziinkozo okokuqala waqala siyenze 1704. Kwelinye icala elinye oko akrolwa umzobo olawulayo ukumkani nesiginitsha, yaye kwelinye - ephethwe-amabini okhozi kunye nomhla wokukhutshwa. Ngowe-1769, savelisa imali iphepha engange yesilivere yayeka ukuba iyunithi engundoqo lwemali. Kodwa ke uphulukene intsingiselo yaso ngaphezulu. Kwaye ngo 1840 i elitsha iyavalwa kwaye Russian engange yesilivere kwakhona yaba unit wemali engundoqo eli lizwe. Kule ndima, yena waze 1897, xa utshintsho Witte kunye kubhangiswa ngayo.