Positivism in Sociology

Positivism kwi kwabantu yaba kwicala yokuqala, nto leyo iye yaphuhliswa kwinkulungwane XIX. kubume bayo siyifumana ukuyilwa inkqubo entsha ulwazi malunga uluntu ngokusekelwe isicelo iindlela kunye nemithetho yezenzululwazi.

Ekuqaleni positivism in isosioloji uthelekiswa esithile lentelekelelo ngumyinge. Yavele ngenxa ukwala iingxoxo ezilula malunga kuluntu, ngokunjalo umnqweno yokudala theory lwentlalo okungavela kuzo zonke engqinelana mbono yesayensi.

kwabantu Injongo Positivist iphambili uqeqesho luthathwa nangokucazululayo kwaye empirically, esekelwe izibakala, hlola ngezenzeko ezenzeka ekuhlaleni. Kuphela kule meko oko bathi "HIV", okuthetha ubuchule ngempumelelo yaye ngokuqinisekileyo nokusombulula iingxaki ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo ubomi yoluntu.

Owaseka yokuhlalisana positivist yi Comte. Ngokutsho sisazinzulu zentlalo French, theory loluntu wayeza kuba "isayensi ngqo", olusekelwe phezu ngeendlela zobunzululwazi.

Comte wayekholelwa ukuba uluntu ulwazi kufuneka kuba ngqongqo, ezisekelwe kwiinyaniso ezithembekileyo nolunyanisekileyo, ezifana nolwazi ngendalo. Xa Comte "uMoya bulumko HIV," wabhala ngokubaluleka elithi "positive". Le mbono kwakuthetha inkcaso yokwenene zexeshana, ukusebenza - esi sithixo, oluthembekileyo - ezingaqondakaliyo, ngqo - akuphuhlanga kakuhle - negative.

imithetho ukusebenza uluntu zaqwalaselwa positivism njengoko nokuqhubekeka imithetho yendalo. Ngoko ke, oko azinakwenzeka ukungena kulo umongo ikwabangela zonke iinkqubo zentlalo kunye nezimo.

Abameli positivism wafunda uluntu hayi izikhombisi static njengoko kwakunjalo phezu nasemphakathini ngesixokelelwano zilingana nozinzo.

Positivism in kwabantu umisela ukuba ulwazi uluntu kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno leyinene kunye nenzululwazi, ngoko ke kufuneka bavelise ngoncedo iindlela zendalo. The main iindlela ingqalelo kule kuhlola, experiment uthelekiso, zembali kunye neendlela zemathematika.

Positivism in kwabantu ngoyena ngokucacileyo wabonakalaliswa emikhondweni yabo (kudla kuwo iimpawu positivism), ezifana naturalism, evolutionism, organicism. Ukongeza kwezi ntsingiselo zinxulumene indlela positivism, kaDarwin kwezentlalo, ulwalathiso ngokobuhlanga-yabantu, Determinism geographical, kunye nabanye. Yonke imiyalelo positivism hlukile kwenzeke siseko jikelele. intsingiselo yawo kukuzama ukuba achaze izenzakalo kubomi ngokwembono into eyodwa, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba (omzeleyo, ubuhlanga, ngokwezelizwe, njalo njalo). Ezi imisinga zibizwa ngokuba 'zizikolo enye into. "

kutyhilwa kakhulu ngokupheleleyo iingcamango positivism emandleni akhe indlela yokuhlalisana iniyo. Eli tyala phakathi kwicala engundoqo yokuhlalisana kunye bulumko ngayo kwinkulungwane XX., Leyo yayisekelwe kwimigaqo emisiweyo positivism ubhalo. isebe ngalinye zeniyo-nokufundisa a unique, abayinqobo kuphela kuye ngokukodwa kwinkalo iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Neo sathanda ingqalelo ngezenzeko kwezentlalo, esekelwe kwimithetho jikelele bemvelo, nangenxa leyinene kwezentlalo. Oku kungqinwa esikolweni yendalo. Scientism lujolise kakhulu ngokusetyenziswa zentlalo iindlela zophando zenzululwazi zendalo. Objectivism wathi inkululeko yayo ngokubalulekileyo. Operationalism ichaza ingqiqo yentlalo zokusebenza. Behaviorism iphandwe yimiba luluvo ngenxa yokuziphatha. Quantification wafuna ukuchaza ngezenzeko ekuhlaleni kwindawo isici oluninzi.