Psychophysiology - yintoni na le nto? Age zomzimba psychophysiology

Psychophysiology - kukufunda zeenqwelwana nokomzimba yokuziphatha kunye nomsebenzi engqondweni. Eli nqaku lithetha inkcazelo esisiseko ngalo. Uza kufunda ngembali imvelaphi yayo, ingakumbi indlela ixabiso layo, kwakunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo malunga nale ngenzululwazi.

Psychophysiology - icandelo ekhethekileyo kwengqondo amalungu, leyo lifunda indima izinto eziphilayo (zibandakanya iimpawu e-nervous system) ukunika umsebenzi engqondweni. Abaphengululi baye psychophysiology umahluko, intetho kunye iingcinga, imvakalelo kunye imbono, ingqalelo, imvakalelo, inyathelo ngokwesigqibo esicalanye. Okwangoku, zonke ezi nkalo nobuchule ngenkuthalo ziyaphuhliswa.

Imbangela psychophysiology

Namhlanje, umbuzo wokuba ingaba, ziziphi iinkalo ezi ngezengqondo amalungu, namanje evulekile. Umntu ayitsho ukuba inxalenye yokuqala yesibini okanye yesibini - okokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, akukho mathandabuzo kwinto yokuba inkqubo yokubala ngentloko kwaye komzimba - yinxalenye yonke psychophysical. Kananjalo akukho mathandabuzo ukuba ingcamango eli lonke, mfuneko ngeenjongo ezithile, awukho ngamnye okanye amalungu okanye bengqondo. Loo nto ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ulwazi umntu lilonke ethile, kungekhona nje izizathu yequmrhu okanye lombutho, kwaye sele kwakhiwe isebe elitsha eziphilayo ekuthiwa psychophysiology. Ibona ukuba uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu kwimiba. Inqanaba mbaxa iingxaki ofunde ngayo iphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo ngengqondo okanye zomzimba yedwa.

Interdisciplinarity psychophysiology, indlela probabilistic

Psychophysiology - intsimi lolwazi, nto leyo ahlukeneyo. Kuqwalaselwa lombutho parameter nxulumano iziganeko ngokwasengqondweni, emzimbeni nangokomoya nabantu. Psychophysiology - eyagcina esebenzisa ulwazi ukuze iseti olusebenzayo siseko, ngumba, izibonelelo kunye nolwazi iindlela ezivumela ukuba izazinzulu ukuba ukuhlola isifundo esithile, oko kukuthi umntu. Ngenxa yoko, indlela probabilistic ezisetyenzisiweyo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba bathi amagama ambalwa ngayo.

Psychophysiology - isayensi ufunda abantu ngokusebenzisa indlela probabilistic. Ekuqaleni yokugqibela kwabekwa 1867 yi yamachiza IsiNgesi James Clerk Maxwell. Indlela probabilistic kumabango ukuba yesayensi. Maxwell-nzulu yokuqala ofake isicelo iindlela zakhe probabilistic ngenxa eziphawula ngokwenene emzimbeni. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba uMdali physics zamanani. Indlela Probabilistic uye wasebenzisa enye ebalulekileyo phezu deterministic (traditional). Inika ulwazi epheleleyo kakhulu yento zivavanywayo.

psychophysiology ukudala

Ngokusemthethweni, oko kwasekwa kwinkulungwane ye-19. Obonwa yi kumdlali wayo A. R. Luriya, sesayensi obalaseleyo Russian (ingasentla). Ngemfundo ezimbini (psychological kwaye luvo), waba nako ukudibanisa impumelelo ibalulekileyo kwezi nkalo zibe yinto enye. Isiphumo sale msebenzi yaba uqhagamshelwano lwe psychophysiology kunye neuropsychology.

Ukuze ixesha elide bekucingelwa ukuba umphefumlo engaphathekiyo. Ngamanye amazwi, ingqondo ayinanto yakwenza naloo nto. Kamva, oosonzululwazi baye baqala ukubeka imisebenzi yengqondo ventricles ezintathu ebuchotsheni. Ukongeza, ngamnye ventricles yayigqalwa indawo ukugcina uluvo kuboniswa komphefumlo. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba ehlala imifanekiso efanelekileyo. Ubuchopho ithathwa nomzimba, ukusuka apho amandla ubomi aphuma phantsi kwempembelelo lo myolelo ilungu lomzimba ngenxa ngamajelo ezizodwa, obizwa ngokuba luvo.

Kamva, ngenxa yomsebenzi lwabaphandi ezahlukeneyo, ikakhulu lwasekhaya (I. M. Sechenova, I. P. Pavlova, P. Ya. Galperina, A. N. Leonteva, A. R. Lurii, N. A. Bernshteyna et al. ), zabuya uluvo kuyacaca ukuba zibaluleke kangakanani na CNS (inkqubo luvo) ukuya psyche yabantu.

indlela Scientific IM Sechenov

I. M. Sechenov liphuhlise indlela ekhethekileyo yendalo-lwezenzululwazi. ubuntu bayo bangonakala emiselwe kwimigaqo emibini ilandelayo:

• zonke iintlobo ngezenzeko izangoma - yimveliso kwenkqubo luvo yaye, ke ngoko, ukuba ngokuxhomekeke kwimithetho eziphuhliswe kunye nezinye ngezenzeko zendalo;
• kufuneka bathobele kumgaqo historicism ekufundeni psyche, oko kukuthi, ukuya kwezo fom lisezantsi umsebenzi wayo ephakamileyo, ukususela kokulula ukuya koko kuntsonkothileyo; ukususela ukufunda psyche lesilwanyana ekufundweni Okukodwa yayo ebantwini.

Sechenov, ukusebenzisa le migaqo, weza ekuyilweni ingcamango izinto ze reflection.

Umsebenzi I. P. Pavlova kunye nezifundo

Xa imisebenzi IP Pavlov, a komzimba odumileyo Russian, theory reflex nolwathi lwaphuhliswa ngakumbi. Le Scientist yayisetyenziswa kuqala indlela injongo ukulungiselela ukufunda imisebenzi ngengqondo lobuchopho, nto leyo reflex moya. Ukuthatha ibe inkonzo, Pavlov wafunda iindlela komzimba kwiqela iinkqubo zenza isiseko reactions yengqondo sabaqalayo. Iinkqubo ingcali yenzululwazi, kwakunye nabameli isikolo sakhe wavula iihorizoni ezintsha ekufundeni ubuchopho yi lokulinga.

Kamva, izifundo electrophysiological, intw 'ikhaliphe moya, wanceda ukumisela into yokuba uninzi iinkqubo ze psyche ngokusisiseko kuchazwa umbutho ezisebenzayo izakhiwo ebuchotsheni. Umzekelo, i-memory nga kuthathwa ngenxa excitation yinkqubo kwegazi iziphaluka neuronal evaliwe, kunye nokunyuswa ngakumbi kumgangatho beemolekyuli zezi okanye ezinye utshintsho.

Iimvakalelo zixhomekeke kumaziko athile kangakanani inxaxheba kwimibutho ebuchotsheni subcortical. Okwangoku, ukusabela ezininzi engqondweni kukhutshelwe enziwe. Ukuze wenze oku, kukho iindawo ngokukhethekileyo adikwe yobuchopho banoxanduva kubo. Kwelinye icala, ebuchotsheni liphela emzimbeni buchaphazela zonke oluchaphazela ngokunzulu psyche yethu. Ngenxa yoko, ukudakumba okanye intaba kungabangela zengqondo (ngokomzimba) izifo. Hypnosis kunokunceda ukunyanga okanye abangele ukuphazamiseka somatic. Ubugqwirha okanye waphula umthetho 'abangafuniyo "phakathi kwabantu bakudala Unga ukubulala umntu.

Into ulwazi kunye nento psychophysiology

Psychophysiology Jikelele - inzululwazi ngabantu ukuhlala usempilweni. Clinical efanayo (ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi malunga nayo uxoxwa ekupheleni kweli nqaku) uphonononga abantu abagulayo.

Man, njengokuba sisazi, trehipostasen. Psychophysiology - inzululwazi ethathela ingqalelo onke amanqanaba lombutho wayo. Man unezixhobo ubunye kula maqumrhu mathathu lilonke:

• corporeal (emzimbeni, yenyama);
• izangoma (izangoma);
• ngokomoya.

Ngenxa yoko, psychophysiology into - engokoqobo, ngokwengqondo nangokomoya womntu nobudlelwane kwabo. Le ngqeqesho Bulelani kwimpumelelo ukufunda umsebenzi luvo esengqondweni yezilwanyana, kwakunye ngokunxulumene kuxilonga abantu baqalisa ukuba zingajongwa nokomzimba nje kuphela, kodwa ke iindlela uvaleke of izimo zengqondo iinkqubo, kunye nokuziphatha ezahlukeneyo. psychophysiology Modern libandakanywe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, izifundo kothungelwano zemithambo kunye luvo olunye. Oku kumiselwa mikhwa ukuya ukudityaniswa lwamacandelo awohlukeneyo ukufunda nokusebenza kwengqondo (neurochemistry, neurophysiology, Neuropsychology, Psychophysiology, ezinto eziphilayo, kunye nabanye.) Xa neuroscience enye.

amasebe ezahlukeneyo umdla kuthi ingqeqesho sinentloko yayo. psychophysiology period, umzekelo, ehlola iindlela zokuziphatha kunye neempendulo yengqondo ezixhomekeke imeko bokuphila Ipharamitha izinga abasabela ngayo iinkqubo neuropathy luvo, kwakunye Soma lilonke (kwisistim, inyama kunye nomgangatho zeselula).

isiyalo intsingiselo

Thina abanomdla kwingqeqesho uncedisana psychology, yeenkqubo zengqondo, zengqondo, pedagogy kunye Ezolimi. Psychophysiology - ikhonkco kuyimfuneko, esebenzisa apho psyche yomntu ibonwa nje ngokubanzi, kuquka iintlobo zokuziphatha ezintsonkothileyo, ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ezi eqhubeka kufundwa.

Umzekelo, ukuba uyazi ukuba amanqanaba ontogeny kakhulu novelwano iimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo zokufundisa, kunokwenzeka ukuba nefuthe yophuhliso kwemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu nokomzimba nangokwengqondo-komzimba, ezifana inkumbulo, ukucinga, ingqalelo, imbono, ukusebenza komzimba yokusebenza engqondweni nasemzimbeni, kunye nabanye. ukuba sinengcamango yokuba iimpawu ubudala yomzimba yomntwana, eyona ibonisa amandla akhe ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni, ukuphuhlisa nengqiqo, ukususela kwinqanaba umbono zesayensi, valeological kunye gig Iimfuno nical ngomsebenzi ezolonwabo nezemfundo, ukuba alungiselele indlela imini, umsebenzi motor nesondlo, iimpawu ezifanelekileyo siseko ngamnye kunye nobudala. Ngamanye amazwi, iimpembelelo zokufundisa Singagqibelela kwaye kuphela ukuba bathathe ingqalelo iimpawu kweminyaka abantwana abafikisayo, amathuba yomzimba wakhe.

Age zomzimba psychophysiology

Ubudala zomzimba - kwezesayensi eliphanda iimpawu nokusebenza kunye nophuhliso eziphilayo ngexesha ontogeny. It ufunda imisebenzi nenyama xa iyonke, iinkqubo organ kunye namaziko azimeleyo njengoko bekhula, ukohluka le misebenzi kumanqanaba yobudala eyahlukeneyo.

Ontogenesis - ingcamango ephakathi izifundo ezifana zomzimba yobudala. It yaqaliswa ngowe-1866 yi E. Haeckel. Namhlanje, phantsi ontogeny kuthetha uphuhliso ngamnye we ephilayo ubomi kwayo (ukususela uqala ekufeni).

Age zomzimba psychophysiology kwasekwa kakhulu kutshanje. Eyokuqala ume ngaphandle kude kube kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane lokugqibela. Embryology - isayensi phonononga iimpawu kunye nemithetho ibubomi kumzimba kwi amanqanaba Palsy. Izigaba kamva sivuthiwe kuse ebudaleni, ecinga ngokwaluphala.

izifundo Age zomzimba usebenzisa ubuchule ezahlukeneyo, phakathi kwazo - iimpawu morphological zomzimba (ubude, ubunzima, wedini kunye isifuba zilingane womlenze, igxalaba, njalo njalo). Lo ingqeqesho yenye amasebe eziphilayo - uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu ulwazi.

Iimpawu ontogeny kwabantu

Imvelaphi impembelelo ngabantu iimpawu ontogeny yayo. Kumanqanaba okuqala eye ezifanayo ezithile kunye iimpawu ontogeny of obeku- ngaphezulu. Noko ke, Okukodwa yabantu sikuko yokuba yinto yokuba a kwezentlalo. Kwashiya uphawu wayo ontogeny yayo. Okokuqala, kwanyusa ixesha yobuntwana. Oku kungenxa yokuba umntu kufuneka afunde inkqubo lwentlalo ngexesha loqeqesho. Ukongeza, kwanda ngexesha Palsy. Lokufikisa abantu ngokuhamba ngaphezu koko kwezi lwenkawu enkulu. Amaxesha lokukhula ngokutsiba, kwakunye lenguqu ukuya ebudaleni siye iqaqambise ngokucacileyo, ngokuchaseneyo kwezi zilwanyana. ukusinda Lilonke, sinazo ngaphezu koko kwezi lwenkawu enkulu.

Umda yobudala kunye nezinga lophuhliso

Ke ngutitshala, kwaye ugqirha kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda inqanaba lophuhliso umntwana lowo besebenza. Age zomzimba psychophysiology ukuqonda oko kuthathwa lo mmiselo, nokuba - ukutenxa kulo. Nakuphi na ukutenxa ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso yimfuneko kusebenza kumntu iindlela ezingekho semgangathweni unyango kunye nemfundo. Ngoko ke, omnye wemisebenzi ebalulekileyo psychology kukuseka imida esicacisa kweminyaka.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isantya sophuhliso akusoloko ngamazinga ngencam ngokomgangatho wakhe. Ebamba le nkqubo kukhokelela kwimpumelelo yomntu (nangona kamva oontanga bakhe) Wiz. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, uphuhliso ngokufuthi ekhawulezayo izaliswe kusekutsha kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, umntu wokuqala bafaka ithemba elikhulu, ebudaleni alufumani nemiphumo emihle.

Kakhulu kunqabile kukho ukwahluka elininzi isantya lophuhliso kunye nokukhula. Nakuba kunjalo, utshintsho ezincinane ezifumaneka kwi advance eliphakathi okanye kunamandla, kwenzeka qho. kufuneka sibaphathe njani? Ngaba le ukubonakalalisa ezingaqhelekanga kuphuhliso okanye ukwehluka? Age zomzimba kunika iimpendulo zale mibuzo neminye. Uqala iinqobo zokugweba ukuze bazigwebe iqondo ukutenxa nanjengokwesimo kwaye ke kufuneka athathe amanyathelo lokuphelisa okanye unciphiso.

psychophysiology clinical

Le yinkalo ebalulekileyo psychophysiology isicelo. Lo mhlaba ahlukeneyo lolwazi, nto leyo ethetha ngeentlobo kweendlela komzimba yeenguqu umsebenzi ngengqondo ukuphazamiseka somatic nasengqondweni, kunye nempembelelo yazo enye kwenye.

Psychophysiology lwezonyango - yokuziqeqesha nto leyo ibandakanya isifundo kweendlela pathogenetic, imiba etiological, inkonzo yokunuyiselwa kwengqondo kunye nonyango lwezifo zengqondo. Alikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle ulwazi iindlela eziliqela kunye nezifundo ezinxulumene (neurochemistry, neurophysiology, ukulinga bengqondo nevropsihologii, Neuroradiology et al.). Ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo endle kunye imifuniselo yemigaqo ukufumanisa ukuziphatha ngayo abantu kunye namava isiphumo yolawulo kwi iinkqubo kunye neempendulo nokomzimba. Kule sinako baphethe imithetho yobudlelwane zengqondo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, non-invasively kulinganiswa amaxabiso komzimba abhalwe phezu komzimba womntu (ngenxa umsebenzi iinkqubo ezisebenzayo). Ukusebenzisa abenzi boluvo kulinganiswa ngeempawu zomzimba. Ezi abenzi boluvo okubona ngaxeshanye kwandisa i parameters echaziweyo, ngoko amaxabiso ifunyenwe inokujikwa ibe amaza eziphilayo. Ngokusekelwe kule ndlela, abaphandi bagqibe ukuba naziphi na iinkqubo somatic zezona entliziyweni necacileyo, namandla zabo ngethuba sesichengeni unyango.

Ngoko ke, psychophysiology - inzululwazi, inkcazelo leyo inikwa ekuqaleni kweli nqaku. Sasidla ngokuthetha ngento endaziyo yayo, indlela, imbali kunye nophuhliso, kwakunye inxenye yamasebe ezibalulekileyo. Psychophysiology - isayensi Uphanda ngendlela ingqondo amalungu oluntu, ngoko ine- uhlobo ahlukeneyo.