Reactance - ntoni na?

Umntu liye lasetyenziswa iimfuno zabo zombane, iikhemikhali, kunye namandla enyukliya. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo lobugcisa ngalunye kuzo kukho iseti kweekhonsepthi evumela ukuba ukuchaza ubuntu babo. Umzekelo, iimpawu ezifana amandla, ubunzulu, ukuxinana, et al., Lisetyenziswa kwizifundo kuphela zombane, kodwa ezinye iintlobo ezaziwayo zamandla. Esinye jikelele ezifana isetyenziswa ngokubanzi, ibinzana elithi "ukuzabalaza" umbane. Kwezinye iindawo, kukho analogue - edalwayo, nokuphalazeka kwelifu, reflection, njl "Ukumelana" - kukuthi, enyanisweni, uphawu ilahleko yasendle amandla. Injongo inzululwazi nobugcisa amanga neqiniso ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na unobangela uxhathiso.

Resistance kwisiphaluka kukho uhlobo mbini - nithi, nemithi kunye reactance. Kuba uxhathiso wombane umqhubi yeyona iimpawu eziphambili kunye nokumelana ebangelwe intshukumo abathwali eziphathekayo umqhubi. Izizathu lesi inokuba ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo echaza igama layo ezahlukeneyo. Ukumelana njalo luhambisana ngokuguqula olunye uhlobo lwe-eneji omnye ngokunciphisa mthombo uphambili wamandla. Kuba kwimeko umbane supply kusho amandla, le conversion energy waqalisa ukusebenza thermal electromotive magnetic okanye amandla ombane.

Ngokwembali, lo ngobomi ukumelana yokuqala yaba isifundo lovukelo, apho kungenxa uguqulo kwemvelaphi kumqhubi amandla ubushushu. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba izityholo (electron yaye) uphantsi kweempembelelo intsimi EMF umthombo isiwe guidewire, ngathi, 'ibhekisa "ziikristale okanye molecule mba. Ngenxa yoko, exchange efanayo yokhutshelo lwamandla kukhokelela ekwandeni lobushushu umqhubi, ngamanye kukho ukuguquka amandla ombane abe ngamandla thermal. Ukuba umthombo amandla electromotive akuthethi ukutshintsha indlela yayo ubukhulu U, lo ke ngoku kwisiphaluka ekuthiwa rhoqo, kwaye ukuxhathisa R yale zeesekethe ibalwa umthetho Ohm esithi: R = U / I.

Resistance DC wesekethe angaba abakhuthele kuphela. Reactance "yenza ngokwalo waziva" kuphela kwiisekethe AC, leyo eziqulathe ezithile kakhulu inductance (coil) okanye capacitance (capacitor). Ngokwenene, nayiphi na umqhubi inamcebiso inductance kunye capacitance, kodwa idla ngokuba okungenamsebenzi kangangokuba indiva. Le inductance kunye capacitance xa elibaleka kulo iindleko zombane baguquka amandla abo kwintsimi kazibuthe Ikhoyili nokuba yintsimi yombane le Heating. I-eneji agcinwe ngoko, xa kutshintshwe umqondiso umthombo EMF, ibuyiswa ngohlobo iintlawulo lwamandla agciniweyo, kungoko igama - "reactance".

Inductance kwi AC yesekethe "uyabachasa" ukuhamba yangoku ngalo isenzeko self-induction: utshintsho kwi yangoku eveliswe yi utshintsho umthombo EMF ibangela utshintsho endle magnetic kangangokuba izama ukugcina ngoku kwisekethe ngenxa amandla agcinwe lo mhlaba otsalayo. Umlinganiselo amandla agcinwe ngumlinganiselo kaNdikhoyo inductance wesiphaluka, nto leyo ixhomekeke rhoqo f AC. Le reactance le inductor umiselwa ifomula kulandelayo:

XL = 2 * π * f * L.

A capacitor ezihamba nesekethe AC oluhlala ukuba amandla yentsimi yombane yi kwentlawulo Heating. Xa ukutshintsha ubukhulu kunye / okanye ulwalathiso yomthombo EMF ombane kuzo iipleyiti capacitor exhaswa nothuke owa, apho ixesha elide, kokukhona capacitance C capacitor.

I izidubuli ukuvimba le capacitor, naye rhoqo ixhomekeke, siyinikwe:

Xc = 1 / (2 * π * f * C).

Ukusuka eli binzana kucacile ukuba ukunyuka kwi rhoqo kunye / okanye capacitance amanzi ucutho. Ngoko ke, ngokuba wesekethe AC, apho kukho resistor, i inductor kunye capacitor, kuyimfuneko ukuchaza ukumelana ethile iyonke kunye reactance. Ngokubanzi, ifomula yokubala ukuvimba uye "pifagorovsky isongo":

Zv2 = Rv2 + (XL + Xc) v2

* Qaphela: Xa «v» kufuneka ufunde «Z ophindwe kabini", njl

Kwaye ifomula ekugqibeleni amanzi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Z = √ (squarte) Rv2 + (XL + Xc) v2.