Richard Dadd: artist qwa ephelelwe ingqondo yakhe

Ngokuqinisekileyo, uRichard Dadd - enye abanegama kwihlabathi zobugcisa. ngobomi bakhe nangoku ebangela eninzi ukubambana mpikiswano phakathi abagxeki kunye nabathandi vutshila iinkosi zobugcisa omhle elidlulileyo.

Imbali artist crazy

Wonke umntu uqhelene ubuncinane inxalenye encinane imisebenzi yalo inkosi, siyazi yaye njani uhambo ubomi uRichard Dadd. Biography of lo mntu ongena nematha kunye nemihlali ngexesha elinye, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, kuyaphawuleka. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isigaba bokuzoba, nto leyo eza kuxutyushwa ngakumbi, wahlala ekhoyo ababukeli ixesha elide. Kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, imbali wegcisa enkulu wayesazi lonke ihlabathi eyayinceda kutsala umdla kawonke-ingxaki nokufezekisa amandla nobuchule babantu, impilo yengqondo zehla ngendlela efanayo njengoko yenzeka Richard Dadd.

Namhlanje, kunye kumaziko ezizodwa zonyango kunye nobuchule ezifanele oomasifundisane evulelekileyo apho izigulane bakhululekile ukupeyinta, sculpt, abaze iinkuni. Eyona waze wabuza, ngexesha apho iingcali zobugcisa ukuthengisa obukhulu ezizodwa yokudweba, ebhalwe ngesandla sabantu abagula ngengqondo.

Imifanekiso umntu ugula ngengqondo

nempumelelo Commercial, ngasendleleni, elinde mfanekiso, nto leyo yenza uRichard Dadd. "Genius Mad '- ngoko wathetha ngaye ababephila. bathetha nje ngalo unanamhla. Inxalenye enkulu yobomi bakhe ndayichitha master esibhedlele engqondweni. Ngexesha ubomi italente yakhe ayikwazanga ukufunyanwa kakhulu, xihinga engundoqo ingqalelo yokugula kwakhe. Kodwa emva kwamashumi ambalwa indlela creative Richard Dadd ndifumene fans zabo. Le mizobo yale igcisa inkulu into umnqweno berhafu iingcali yokudweba, ngoko ke ngoku ngasinye ukuba imali enisinike ngokwenene imisebenzi yakhe.

About "bedlam" igama abaninzi baye beva, kodwa akukho namnye wacinga ukuba ibali enxulumene nale gama. Enyanisweni Bedlam wabiza Hospital eBhetelehem, abekho xa abantu abagula ngengqondo kunye ekhulelwa nasengqondweni. Le ndawo ibekwe malunga edume Tower of London. Ukususela ngenkulungwane XVIII zasiwa kule ndawo bonke abemi zabagula ngengqondo, yaye ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane elilandelayo, ngowe-1815, kwakukho sele isibhedlele zonyango ngokupheleleyo-epheleleyo kubantu abafuna microclimate ezikhethekileyo engqondweni uhlobo lonyango.

Bedlam kubomi Richard Dadd

Ngenye imini ngo-1844, izintlu izigulana ngamageza wajoyina edume uRichard Dadd. "I Fairy Lenze-Master-Stroke" (isebenza kancinane ngaphambi) - enye edumileyo nezaziwayo yemisebenzi yakhe, kufanele kuqikelelwa ziingcali kummandla nezifundo zenkcubeko, ukupeyinta, kunye nobugcisa, iye ivela kwi ngelaphu apha ekliniki. Ngowe-1844 umzobi wasiwa kwisikhululo samapolisa, apho baphathwa kwabenzi amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho.

Richard Dadd waba apha emva kokubanjwa kwakhe. ukuthotyelwa komthetho bambamba kufutshane capital French ngalo mzuzu xa umzobi waxhuma kwelinye abakhweli stagecoach. Ngexesha ngemibuzo, ngumtyholwa waphendula ukuba uza kutyelela eVienna babulale umlawuli we Austria. Kwakhona wavuma ukuba ukubulawa kayise wakhe. Kubonakala ukuba lo nyaka kuthimba umfana oneminyaka eli-27 ubudala ngokwenene wabulawa ehlathini kayise. Sivuma onke amanyathelo ale mthetho, Duddy anika imbonakalo umntu mpilweni. Esi sizathu siphambili yokugqithisela kwisikhululo samapolisa yaba ikhaya ngenxa ngamageza.

Kakade ke, Richard Dadd e Bedlam akazange kuphela ngamageza criminally. Noko ke, Isiphelo sakhe esisodwa kangangokuba ngokuyifunda, ungenza ngokukhuselekileyo umngeni inkolelo ithandwayo nakwenzeka ubukho yingqondi kunye avezwe onke golokongqo zibe omnye.

Esakhula wegcisa

Wazalwa igcisa kwi UK ngo-1817, kwidolophu Chatham. Nangona ukuba idolophu encinane, ukuba ngokwaneleyo kakuhle eyaziwayo ngelo xesha kuloo mmandla wonke Britain yanamhlanje. Chatham wawuyinxalenye Royal Navy izithuthi. Abazali Daddah waba ishishini lamayeza eqhelekileyo - ababenako ekhemesti kumbindi wesixeko.

Education Richard waba kwisikolo sengingqi. afa 20 Duddy kuqatshelwe sele eLondon, ngenxa yokuba ixesha utata unako ukuvula studio lakhe apho. Ukuganga phezu kweenkuni nangokukrola kunye gilding kwezihombo oqingqiweyo, lo mfana ngokunxuseneyo baya kwizifundo zenqanaba le Art Academy kwinkundla yakomkhulu. Eli ziko kuseyinto isikolo kunayo yonke Arts Fine e Albion.

uhambo obulalayo

Emva kweminyaka nje ezimbalwa Richard Dadd sathetha ngayo njengoko ukuphuhlisa umdali abanetalente. Sir Thomas Phillips, wamcela ecaleni uhambo ukuya eYiputa kunye noMbindi Mpuma. Kukholelwa ukuba olu hambo ludlale indima esibulalayo ebomini lo mfana.
Uhambo kwakungelula. Emva indlela ende amandla karhulumente yakhe endivakalelwa ngxelo imbi kangangokuba Duddy uvumile ngoonobumba umhlobo utshintsho yakhe ephathekayo. Khombo belele, ukuyila esikhukulayo wabiza Richard ukoyika uxolo lwabo lwengqondo.

Mhlawumbi, igcisa wafumana yahlala ezingqondweni ngexesha lotyelelo lwakhe eYiputa, "isixeko kwabafileyo." Ukususela ngoko, waqala ukukholelwa ukuba Osiris enamandla waqalisa ukulawula phezu kwabo. Ngenxa self-ngomlingo Richard Dadd waqalisa ukuba yinyoka kunye needemon. Yena ndachukumiseka ngumnqweno elingcangcazelisayo; umzekelo, endleleni egodukayo, kanye Italy, yavuma ukuba angathanda ukuba ukubulala Pope.

Sunstroke okanye kwengqondo?

Sina iingxelo ezinjalo akukho namnye wamthabatha umntu aselula aneziphiwo, ukufumana iimpawu zokuqala impambano yokuqhula osisiyatha ayiphumelelanga ngenxa wayedinwa ngokugqithiseleyo. Ukongeza, ekufikeni kwakhe eLondon, yaye ngokubhekiswa specialists akhonto ibitheni yafunyanwa yokuziphatha yesigulane. Oogqirha kwafunyaniswa ukuba "sunstroke."

Izalamane nabahlobo wegcisa, ndaqonda ukuba le nkwenkwe inkom yaye ngandlel lukhuni kakhulu nexhala. Richard Dadd (photo igcisa ayikwazi ngokuchanekileyo ukuveza iinguqu ezibangelwa imeko yakhe kakubi engqondweni) zigcinwe kwigumbi lakhe amaqanda ezilikhulu ambalwa, kwaye usoloko enxibe iiglavu ezenziwe ngesikhumba yebhokhwe. Umntu wokuqala yokususa intsomi uxilongo yokuqala ezikhona, waba wengqondo uAleksandr Sazerlend. Yena ngokoqobo igwebe mfana intsapho: artist abatsha abanetalente Richard Dadd ogula ukuze babe noxanduva ngezenzo zakhe, yena akakwazi. Iingcebiso ezenziwa Richard waba bodwa evela kuluntu kunye kweliso unyango rhoqo.

Okubulala lo uyise bodwa ubomi

Kwaye kwakungekho ingozi ukuba kungekudala ngokwenene kwenzeka noqhekeko. Robert Duddy wabulawa ngunyana wakhe. Xa mbhiyozo ngumkhosi Chatham yinkwenkwe egulayo engekho nemincili ayihlasela uyise. imela matiloshe kaThixo wabetha uRobert Daddah esifubeni koko usike emqaleni wakhe. Ngosuku olulandelayo, wafunyanwa umzimba ongasekhoyo, kodwa iindaba kokuba kuthinjwe igcisa hambanisa na obalaseleyo iye yabhabha eNgilani kamva kuphela konyaka.

Bonke ubomi bakhe Richard Dadd wachitha ekliniki. Bedlam yaba indawo yokugqibela kuye. Ngaphandle kokuba apho anqamka angabikho ehlabathini kunye noluntu ngokubanzi, igcisa ayikho wayichitha italente yakhe. Isifo awukuchaphazeli ukusebenza ingqondo inoxanduva lokusungula yakhe. Kude ekupheleni umsebenzi wakhe umzobi waqhubeka yobuciko omnye emva komnye.

Ukunakanwa kwetalente creator yempambano

Richard Dadd indlela ubugcisa kwatsala ingqalelo phantse nenkulungwane emva kokufa umbhali owaziwayo. Lo mfanekiso yokuqala, wayithenga ngenxa 500 amawaka eekhilogram, "Impikiswano: oberon and Titania" ngo-1984 wavula nomdla eminye imisebenzi umdali. Emva kweminyaka embalwa phantsi ihamile zathengiswa omnye umsebenzi wobugcisa - "Ukuba i igcisa entlango" ngenxa 100 lamawaka eekhilogram ubunzima. Ubungqina ukuthandwa lombhali ye Bedlam yinto yokuba uninzi imisebenzi yakhe isagciniwe nangoku zobuciko inkulu ehlabathini.

"Bahlunguzele mgawuli enisinike" kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo uRichard Dadd. Umzobi wadala womzobo iminyaka 9 kwisibhedlele sabagula ngengqondo. Kulo mfanekiso edume - enye obukhulu ezininzi eyenza uRichard Dadd. "I Fairy Lenze-Master-Stroke" yaba isiseko kwakudalwa ezinye imisebenzi emininzi ezixabisekileyo kuphela ubugcisa ezintle. Umzekelo:

• ngo-1988 ukufumana ingcaciso yakhe Oliver Knussenom kubhaliwe kwathiwa maphupho musical ebizwa ngokuba 'Kuchuma kunye umlilo ";
• kwinoveli "The Wee Free Men" icherri Pratchetta kukho kukhankanywa womfanekiso;
• Enye hits of the band rock iKumkanikazi unalo igama elifanayo.

A amagama ambalwa malunga "Betha ye lasentsomini imithi"

Inkcazelo emfutshane oku ufanelwe ingqalelo. Xa wommameli utyani. Kuba iintyatyambo kunye imifuno umbukeli kulula ukubona ihlabathi ongekhoyo zabalinganiswa etsomo. Kweli bali, bonke abalinganiswa nentsomi balindele mzuzu xa mgawuli hit hazelnuts. Isiqhamo usembindini yonke ekwakhiweni, "Nkosi ujingi iintsomi mgawuli." Richard Dadd ngokungathi eyaziyo, ngokukodwa kuye amandla omlingo. Kubonakala ukuba kamsinya nje izembe uwucandile, into ebalulekileyo abalinganiswa umfanekiso kubopheleleka ukuba yenzeke.

"Bahlunguzele mgawuli enisinike" Richard Dadd kuqala iyalela umphathi jikelele Hospital Royal. Genri Gayden ngokuphindaphindiweyo iyayithanda italente amagcisa abagula ngengqondo. Ukuze namhla ngelaphu ezukileyo bangena umsebenzi Tate Gallery. Imbongi IsiNgesi uSigmund Sassoon thaca umsebenzi kwinkumbulo komhlobo wakhe (endleleni, ntukulu-xinguwe wa Richard Dadd) uJulian Duddy.

Njengoko Daddah wachitha iminyaka yakhe esibhedlele: oogqirha amanqaku

Le mfihlelo inkulu kubaphandi namhlanje kukuba inkosi unako ukudala kwiimeko ezinjalo ezoyikekayo. Xa ucinga ukuba Bedlam, xa kuthelekiswa kunye namaziko onyango efanayo, kuye kwaqwalaselwa yi nemigangatho elo xesha, eyona nobuntu, kunzima ukuyiqonda indlela ophambene ingqondo whiled kude imihla zabo kwenye indawo. Chamber, leyo kuyisombulula ekuthiwa-criminally ngamageza (nakwabo kuthwalelwa Daddah), ngokutsho amangqina, iiseli yayifana ngakumbi ezidla yingozi.

Ukufumaneka kolwazi malunga nendlela umculi wachitha iminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 Bedlam - ngokwemfanelo Charles Hood. Le ndoda nge 1852 wakhonza ugqirha oyintloko ekliniki. Nalo kuza kakhulu ekusebenzeni amaziko onyango litshintshile kakhulu. Ngokukodwa, ivela ezinxulumene ne ekuqaleni yokwenza imbali. Kuba kwimeko nganye clinical abongikazi baqalisa ukuba aphathe okuninzi kakhulu ngakumbi. Malunga Richard Dadd yaziwa kancinane, kodwa ngokutsho Charles Hood, wayengomnye izigulana oyingozi ndlongondlongo. Ngelo xesha, ugqirha kuqatshelwe ukuba interlocutor kumnandi kwaye umdla ngaphezu lo mntu, akazange wadibana ebomini bakhe. Not kubonakala ekuhambeni incoko ingqondo yakhe brilliant, Ukuntsonkotha kwi bokuqonda izinto azithandayo akanakuyenza.

Le igcisa kuphela unyana okuphela Roberta Dadda. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, lo umninawa ka-uRichard George naye wazifumana Bedlam kwexesha elithile emva kokufa kukayise. Bekucingelwa ukuba abazalwana ababini baye wabandezeleka ngenxa yokugula, ezifunyenwe yi lilifa. kwempilo ngokweemvakalelo yengqondo, uRichard noGeorge kangangexesha elide akazange abonise ngokwayo, elibaleka ngendlela afihlakeleyo, kodwa xa zibethwa izinto ezithile, indlela ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo sele zifakiwe.

Ukuya ku Broadmoor kunye kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe

Ngowe-1864, emva kweminyaka engama-20 e Bedlam, Daddah uthuthwa Broadmoor. esibhedlele Modern bakha apho imini ngaphambili, ukuze ubone ugqirha indawo efanelekileyo ukuze ahlale artist abanetalente. Kwafuneka ezininzi ezilungileyo kuthelekiswa Bedlam. Ukufudukela apha kube nefuthe elihle ngobume engqondweni Richard Dadd, nangona kwenziwe utshintsho mpela abakhange yenzekile.

Ubuchule Richard Dadd, oye wahlala phantse 70 iminyaka yaye wafa ngowe-1886 sephepha ngobambana namhlanje. Bengqondo kunye kwengqondo baye bazama ukufumana naziphi na iinkcukacha ngemizobo yakhe, ubungqina nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo yakhe. Hi ndlela leyi, "Eksodus eYiputa", "Crazy Jane", "isiva" iqulethe eninzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo ukuba iingcali ngokuyinxenye ukusombulula intsinda-badala iimfihlelo yengqondo buchopho ukugula.

oogqirha Modern akukho mathandabuzo ukuba isigulo eso womzobi ubengayi kukha abe isigwebo namhlanje. Abafanelekayo ukulungiswa imeko yengqondo isiguli wamnika ithuba ukucima bodwa. Ngendlela eqhelekileyo, ubomi mda, mhlawumbi ukubuyiselwa babesenza kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. Ngelo xesha ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinga womeleleyo amayeza psychotropic kuba nafuthe emsebenzini wakhe wokudala, akukho mntu. Italente inkosi wahlala kubulela linakho unyango ubukhulu becala ekhuselekileyo nokungaphumeleli ngelo xesha.

ulwazi Medical malunga Richard Dadd iqulathe ingcaciso ebonisa ukuba ilahleko yokugqibela kuqonda wegcisa 1869. Kwangaxeshanye, waqhubeka ukupeyinta phantse de kwasekufeni kwakhe. umsebenzi lwakutsha yi umdali yomhla kunyaka 1883. Kwiminyaka embalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ingakumbi nzima zanikwa wegcisa-buchopho. Njengoko bonke kulityalwa ishiywe, yena ezibhityileyo ngokwasemzimbeni, ogula ukukhohlela severe ligazi. Ngowe-1886 wafa Richard Dadd ukupeyinta leyo nanamhlanje kutsala amehlo kwaye yenza oyithandayo.

ityala Richard Dadd njengobungqina ukusebenza iindlela "banga esebenzayo"

Art iye yaduma elininzi kunyango lwe abagula ngengqondo. ukusebenza indlela "ngqondweni esebenzayo" singqiniwe phakathi kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, Karlom Yungom. Developer esekelwe kubungqina bakhe phezu ukusebenza ubuchule lwangaphakathi ukukhuthaza ukudalwa kwemisebenzi yemifuziselo of ezizenzekelayo. Fumana imvume ungquzulwano izangoma kwimeko nganye ngamnye kunokuba kuphela ngendlela zingqondweni, ecacisa amagama ezinqwenelekayo, umculo kunye nemifanekiso.

Ngelishwa, kwinkulungwane XIX kwi indlela "ngqondweni esebenzayo" lalingekafiki kwaziwa. Okwangoku, eli candelo lwe Unyango aza kusetyenziswa kumaziko zonyango ezininzi eYurophu, kubandakanywa Italy, eNgilani, France, njl Iziphumo zabonisa ukuba indlela Carl Jung, musa ayeke sekufika kwaye namhlanje: izigulana, ndiphulaphule umculo okanye ukubhala inks, luzole phantsi izihlandlo ezimbalwa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ukuthatha amachiza.

Le ndlela abasali inceda isiqabu ukutyabuka kunye ukunganeliseki, baphumle kunye Tune kwi kwindlela ngokomoya embilwini. Mhlawumbi le nto ayikho Richard Dadd, artist brilliant, isityholo enamandla yokuyila ayikwazi kodwa ukulincoma.