Sodium carbonate: ifomula, izakhiwo, ukulungiselela

Soda ash - lento ngu ngokuqinisekileyo abazaziyo wonke yaye phantse wonke umntu uyazi imizekelo ubuncinane ezimbalwa apho balusebenzisa. Igama elisemthethweni ukwimo - carbonate sodium, ifomula - Na2CO3. Ngaphandle soda ash yi ngumgubo emhlophe, oko kumelwa ngokohlobo granules umbala ofanayo. Kukho elinye igama ngenxa yale ezimbaxa - yesoda uthuthu, kodwa ngesi sihlandlo kufuneka kungabikho zimpazamo ngengqiqo yokuba lowo eziqhelekileyo kuthi kubomi bemihla ngemihla, soda akunjalo. Ngaloo ndlela kuthiwa kwakhona kuba into enxulumene lokulungisa - calcination - emzimbeni sodium crystalline kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu.

soda nezihlwahlwazayo - enye izinto oludala kwimbali yoluntu. Okuninzi zakudala Egypt yaMandulo iqulathe ulwazi malunga ubuncwane sodium carbonate, ifomula apho, kakade, kakhulu kamva yarekhodwa. Yeengcongolo, sinika ingxelo ukuba eYiputa Le ezimbaxa yalungiselelwa namachibi, kwakunye ukusuka uthuthu olufunyenwe izityalo ukutshisa equlethe kwealkali. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iYiputa wahlala umlimi kwelikhulu umniki soda kwi kwimarike yehlabathi de ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVII, waba namandla olwandle lwehlabathi, ukuya eYiputa sele ujoyine Spain njengomnikezeli phambili soda uthuthu. Mveliso, uphuhliso lwamashishini amatsha lifune imilinganiselo yale ubuncwane obunqabileyo, kodwa kuba 1775 i-French Academy phezu kulinyathelo encyclopedists odumileyo aququzelela lokukhuphisana livulekile kuphuhliso kwenkqubo yezoshishino ukuvelisa soda nezihlwahlwazayo. Ophumelele lo "iziganeko yemichiza" iye yaba edumileyo unale French-nzulu yokulinga uNikolay Leblan, ngubani okokuqala ngqa ngo-1792 waba namuhla kuveliswa isodium carbonate, formula koko oko kwabhalwa njengoko Na2CO3. Sebenza Leblanc emele enze indlela ukuvelisa osisiqu esinye chloride sodium ngetshokhwe zendalo kunye nemixube sodium sulfate. Le zinyibilikile basabela ifunyenwe, enoluya Na2C03 ne-CAS, apho amanzi leached kunye sodium carbonate, umchiza ubisi - Na2CO3.

Leblanc indlela ixesha elide, waba kwishishini enkulu. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, ukwakhiwa iifektri ekuveliseni yesoda kwakhokelela ekukhuleni agglomerations zasezidolophini kunye ingqalelo abantu kwiindawo ezisezidolophini. imveliso soda kunye negalelo kuphuhliso kwezinye iinkalo lweshishini lemichiza, ezifana ukuveliswa kwe-sulphuric kunye nitric acid.

Uphuhliso imveliso soda negalelo kuphuhliso imithombo zempahla ekrwada ekuveliseni pyrites zesinyithi, ityuwa, saltpeter.

Kuphela isiqingatha senkulungwane kamva indlela Leblanc yabonakala eyimbangi - ammonia indlela yemveliso soda. Yaba linyathelo phambili, njengoko kufuneka yabasebenzi ngaphantsi, ubushushu, izinto, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ayibizi kakhulu.

It cheapening imveliso negalelo ukuvela iikhompawundi ezifana sodium, ukulungiswa apho negalelo ukwanda isicelo ngayo njenge imveliso ukutya, ngoku ezaziwa yi igama additive ukutya E-500 - ukubhaka soda.

Iipropati lwemichiza calcium carbonate ash elilandelayo. Le nto ke hygroscopic, oko kukuthi ibizela ukufuma kakhulu kakuhle, yintoni na, kuba ngokuqinisekileyo, ngaphezu kanye, ngamnye uyaqiniseka.

Ukongeza emanzini, kwaye ibizela carbon dioxide, nto leyo ibekwe emoyeni nokwakheka. Oku kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa kugcinwa iziyobisi. Character okwenziwa soda ulwelo luxhomekeke kwinqanaba ukufuma kunye obushushu.

Xa itshiswe, lo ephindeneyo ibolile carbon dioxide kunye oxide. Soda awasabela ngayo kunye iasidi, umzekelo, carbonate sodium, zehydrochloric acid evela intsebenziswano phakathi ifom carbon dioxide.

Sodium carbonate isetyenziswa nokwenziwa industrial zeglasi, iipeyinti kunye ivanishi, iisepha kunye iisepha. iimpawu zayo uvumele ukusetyenziswa kwale ezimbaxa kwi kungengokwentlambululo yendawo imveliso abuhlungu soda kesodiyam iityuwa neoli, iphepha,.