Ubunzulu obunzulu bokutyala iitapile

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukutyala izitato ngexesha. Oku kuxhomekeke kakhulu kubukhulu bezityalo ezivunyiweyo. Umgama ophakathi kweentlobo, imigqa kunye nobunzulu bokutyala kubalulekile. Olu hlobo luchazwa njengomgama ukusuka kumgca ophezulu we-tuber ukuya kwindawo yomhlaba kwaye kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi:

• Indlela yokutyala;
• Ubungakanani bee-tubers;
• Umgangatho womhlaba;
• Lawulo lwamanzi.

Ukufika kwiindawo ezinqabileyo

Le ndlela endala yokutyala izitato kwihlabathi enzima. Kwindawo ephathwayo, kunye nentambo eqinile, iiprooves zidibene kumgama we-70 cm. Ubunzulu bokutshala iifatata kumagqabha buvela kumitha ama-5 kuya ku-10. Ukuba isichumiso sasingasetyenziswanga kwisayithi, i-humus kunye ne-ash (ngokulinganayo isiqingatha sefowuni kunye nepunipoon) zongezwa kwimida, zisasaza ngamasentimitha angama-30. Iifatata eziphezulu zifakwe kwaye zihlanganiswe nomhlaba, zenze i-comb 10 cm high. Ububanzi bayo buyi-20 cm.

Ngenxa yoko, umhlaba uphantsi kwe-10 cm kwiifatata. Le ndlela ilungileyo kuba izilimo eziyi-tubers zingatyalwa ngaphambilana, iibhedi zifudumala ngokukhawuleza, kwaye iifatati zikhula ngokukhawuleza.

Ikwasetyenziswa kwakhona kwiindawo eziphethe itafile ephantsi komhlaba. Ukuphakama kwe-crest kunokufikelela kwi-15 cm, ngelixa ubunzulu bokutyala kweetatate buyi-6-8 cm.

Emva kokuphakama kwentambo, ukuphakama kweqonga kufikelela kwi-30 cm. Ngelo xesha, umhlaba ususwe kwimigca, kwaye amanzi emva kokuba imvula iphelele kumda.

Ukuveliswa kwanda ngekota. Ukuvuna ngale ndlela yokulima kulula kwaye kulula. Kodwa umhlaba unzima, kuba kufuneka ufake umhlaba omkhulu kwisigaba sokutshala.

Ngaphantsi kwefosholo

Le yindlela elula. Kwintsimi elilomiweyo, ukumba imingxuma ye-8-10 cm, uze ubeke amazambane uze ulale ngumbutho uthathwe kwi-fossa yomqolo olandelayo. Umgama phakathi kweentsika u-30 cm, phakathi kwemigca - 70 cm. Ukuba kuncitshisiwe, akusayi kubakho nto yokutshala izityalo.

Impendulo yale ndlela yindlela yokutyala kamva kunye nexesha elifutshane phakathi kokuba umhlaba usabanda kwaye xa sele usomile. Kwimvula yezulu, izityalo ezinjalo zihlala ziwonakaliswe zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ngenxa yokuba i-tuber inomhlaba omanzi.

Kwii-rollers

Inkqubo enzima kakhulu kunokuba yinto ehamba phambili. Ukususela ekwindla, cima iinqwelo, ubeke kuzo izityalo kunye nokhula (ngaphandle kwembewu), i-sawdust, ilala phantsi. Ubusika bafumana umanzi, kwaye entwasahlobo, ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa, baqala ukuguqula. Kule meko, ukushisa kuveliswa, okutshisa umhlaba. Susa uhla oluphezulu lomhlaba, ubeke iingcambu ze-tubers uze wenze ifom. Iifatata zisezantsi, kwaye zihlanganiswe ngo-8-10 cm. Isivuno sikhula ngo-45% ngale ndlela xa kuthelekiswa ne "fowuni" yokutyala. Ukuqokelela iifatata zicocekile, ezingenasifo. Inobomi obuhle.

Kwi zi gulana

Unomdla kakhulu, kodwa kwangexesha elifanayo elinzima. Se tyenziswa kwiindawo ezincinci. Kwizinto zokwakha, iindonga zebhotile ezizayo zakhiwa. Ububanzi - ukuya kumitha, ukuphakama - ukusuka ku-30 kuya ku-50 cm Ubude bawo bube buvela kumntla ukuya kusezantsi. Iimigangatho phakathi kweibhedi zibanzi, malunga ne-80 cm. Ngokukodwa kulezi bhokisi kuya kuba nenkqubo yokuququzelela i-composting evela kwintengiso. Iintshaba zengca, amaqabunga, utshani, i-sawdust zifakwe kwizantsi. Ukusuka ngasentla kukho uluhlu lomquba, umquba okanye i-humus. Konke oku kuhlanganiswe nomhlaba othathwe kwi-esiteyile okanye kwenye indawo. Umbhede ulungele ukusetyenziswa. Xa unokukhathazeka kanye, ungayisebenzisa iminyaka emininzi. Kufuneka uhlaziye ii-compost components.

Izilimo eziyizigaxa zityalwe kwimigangatho emibini kwinqanaba elincinci. Oku kwenza kube lula ukukhanyisa izityalo, okwandisa isivuno. Zizihlandlo ezimbini okanye ziphindwe kathathu ngaphezu kweendlela zemveli zokulima. Kwaye uza kuba nekratshi elingakanani, ubonise abahlobo bakho umyezo omangalisayo!

Ukunyamekela amazambane kwididi encinane kwinto elula kwaye efanelekileyo. Umhlaba awudingi ukutyalwa. Kwanele ukukhulula kwi-7 cm. Unokuhlwayela kakhulu kusasa. Awudingi ukukhusela. Ukunyamekela ukunyamekela akuyi ku funeka. Iibhubesi azithathelwanga, zihlambuluke zigcinwe kakuhle.

Isetyenziswe kwiindawo ezinomxholo ophezulu.

Ngaphansi kwe-agrofiber emnyama

Ngale ndlela, iintlobo zepatates ziqala ukukhula . Lungiselela umbhede. Yimboze nge-agrofiber. Sika kuyo umgama wokuphambana kwesantya se-10 cm Ubude obuninzi bokutsalwa kweetatate bu malunga no-8 cm. Ukuze ubeke emhlabathini, imingxube ikhethwe ngomqolo omncinci ukusuka emingxeni. Beka izilimo eziyizigaxa, ulale ebusweni bomhlaba. Musa ukugquma, ngenxa yokuba umswakama ovela phantsi kwehlathi awuyi kuphuma ngenxa yefilimu. Xa lixesha lokuvuna, iziqu ziyacinywa, kwaye ifilimu isuswe kwaye iifubers ziyasuswa.

Le ndlela ikhawuleza ukuvuthwa kwamazambane kwinyanga.

Ukutyalwa kwesithuthuthu

Iibhulogi zeenqwelo-mafutha zisetyenziselwa abalimi beloli. Benza lula kakhulu ukufezekiswa kwezinto ezisemgangathweni zomsebenzi kwi-garden. Ngosizo lwabo balima, bakhululwe, bahlakulele umhlaba. I-motoblock iya kunceda ekutyaleni iitapile. Ukwenza oku, faka iivili zensimbi kunye ne-bushings kunye ne-bipod. Yilungiselele ukusasazeka okuphakathi. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukudlula umlambo wokuqala ngokufanelekileyo ngokusemandleni.

Ukubeka ivili le-motor-block kufuphi nomda womsele, udlule okwesibini. Umgama uya kuba malunga no-70 cm. Ukuba kuvela ngaphantsi okanye ngaphezulu - guqula ububanzi bokusasazeka kwamaphiko. Ukugxinwa emifutshane yee-tubers kude nomgama we-30 cm. Ukujongwa kokutyala kweetatate nge-motor-block kuyinto 10-12 cm.

Ukucoca iipilisi ngomhlaba ingaba yi-motoblock efanayo. Ngenxa yoko, iivili ziya kutshintshwa zibe yirubha kunye namaphiko aphilileyo aya kubalwa ukuya kumgama omde. Ivili le-motoblock liya kuhamba kunye neetayibhile, kodwa i-rubber ayiyi kulimaza (ukuba amahlumela amancinci), kwaye amaphiko aya kugcwalisa i-furrow.

Unokubeka iifatata emva kokudlula ezimbini kwe-motoblock. Emva koko ububanzi bemigqa buya kuba ngaphantsi kwe-55 ukuya kuma-60 cm.

Iteknoloji yaseDutch yokukhupha izitato

Iintlobo zaseDutch namhlanje zizona zivelisa kakhulu. Ngoko ke, bazama ukukhula kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, apho iitatata ngokubanzi zinokukhula. U-Ogorodniki waqala ukunyamekela oko amaDatshi asetyenziswayo, yiyiphi inzulu yokutyala kweetatate kugcinwa. Yonke inkqubo inqunyiwe ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuhamba kuyo nayiphi na indlela, kuba oku kuya kubachaphazela kakubi isivuno.

Kuvela ukuba bahlawula ingqwalasela ephambili kwi-aeration yezityalo zengcambu, oko kukuthi, ukuphucula ukufikelela kwemoya kubo.

Iiyunithi ezizodwa zokugaya zisetyenziselwa oku. Banobugcisa becala ukuvelisa umhlaba. Xa utyalwe ngokukhawuleza uthelela inqanaba ephakamileyo, okuyi-tuber yamazambane. Ngenxa yoko, ubunzulu bokutyala kweetatate ngokubhekiselele kobuchwepheshe beDutch bukhulu kakhulu, malunga ne-15 cm.

Kwintsimi ephathwa ngayo ngale ndlela, iifatata zicwangciswe emigqeni emibini, umgama ophakathi kwe-30 cm. Okulandelayo ukwahlula umqolo we-1 m 20 cm.Umculi uhamba kuyo, ozinakekela izityalo.

Ukuxhomekeka kokubunjwa komhlaba

Ukuba umhlaba uhlambulukile, kwaye ude umanzi, ungashushu, ke ukutsala ngokugqithiseleyo kwiibhulayizi akunakucacisa. Rostkam kuya kuba nzima ukuphuma apho. Ngoko ke, ubunzulu obunzulu bokutyala kweetayibhethi ukuze inhlabathi enjalo kufuneka ibe yi-4-5 cm. Ngako oko, iintlobo zokuqala ezithengiswayo zityalwe, ezihlala zihlanganiswa nge-agrobiol emnyama.

Xa umhlaba ubomile, ubunzulu bokungena kwiitatate ngexesha lokutshala liye landa kuma-6-8 amentimitha.

Ukuba umhlaba ufudumala kwisiseko esaneleyo, sinikwe kakuhle ngomoya, izilimo eziyi-tubers zinyanzeliswa yi-8-10 cm.

Ngomhlaba onesihlabathi esilungileyo, isityalo sityalwe ngo-10-12 cm ebusweni bomhlaba.

Ubunzulu bokubekwa kwama-tuber tubers kwanda emva kokuphakama. Kuqhutyelwa ukuze umhlaba uphepheke, i-aeration iphuculwe, ukubunjwa nokukhula kweziqhamo kuphuculwe.

I-Uplink iboniswa kwihlabathi enobumba obunzima, apho ukutyala kwaqhutyelwa kwangaphambili, kwaye ngenxa yoko ayikho into ephantsi. Ngenxa yoko, uluhlu lomhlaba luya kwanda ukuphakama kwamasentimitha ama-4 ukuya kuma-6.

Ukuba imeko yemozulu iyomile, kukho imvula encinane, okanye kukho rhoqo ukulela isomiso, kucetyiswa ukuba ungasebenzisi imali. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwezinto eziseleko kunye nokunciphisa isivuno. Kodwa ke ii-tubers zingafika kumgangatho kwaye ziphendulele. Ngoko ke, unokuyikhupha umhlaba kwaye utshale izityalo ezimbalwa zamentimitha

Ubunzulu bokutyala izitato kwiindawo zeChernozem kuxhomekeke ekukulungeleni komhlaba. Kwihlabathi elifudumalayo izityalo ziyancwina ngo-12-15 cm.

Ukulula umhlaba, ukufudumala kunye nokutshisa imozulu, ukujula kwee-tubers zibeke kwaye zingaphantsi.

Kwinqanaba eliphakathi, kuqala ukutsalwa phantsi kwefowuni okanye i-motor-block, kwaye iinduli kwaye zifumane, eqinisweni, ukufika kummandla.

Iibhululo ezinkulu zihlonyelwe ngaphantsi kuncinci.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezithandekayo zokukhulisa izitato. Unokuwufihla ngotshani. Kule meko, ubunzulu bokutyala kweetatate buyi-7 cm.

I-straw ibanjwe ngamabini amabini: emva kokutshala, u-10 cm uphakamileyo. Emva koko, xa iziqu zikhula, yongeza ngaphezulu. Ngokubanzi, uluhlu olukhuselayo lufikelela kuma-25 cm. Ukuba lincinci, i-straw ayiyi kuba yi-pereprevat, kwaye ukhula luyakwazi ukuluhlula.

Ukukhula emgqonyeni

Le ndlela iluncedo kulabo abangenasicatshulwa, kwaye badle izitato ezikhulile ngezandla zabo, ndifuna.

Kwimitha yezinto eziphathekayo okanye ibhokisi ephakamileyo, umgca womhlaba we-15 cm uthululwa kwizantsi. Izilimo ezinamahlumela ezinezihluma zifakwa phezulu. Xa bephakama ukuya kwi-5 cm, bafefe ngomnye umgca womhlaba baze balinde ukubonakala kweentlobo. Ukuzalisa ngale ndlela inxenye yombhobho, ngoko kuphela ukuba enye yesithathu yokuphakama ihlala, bayeke ukuzalisa umhlaba. Ukunisela, ukutya. Ukuvunwa kususwa ngokuthe ngcembe, kuqalwe ngqimba oluphezulu. Unako ukuphakama kwiibhakethi ezine zeebhatateshi ukusuka kwibhere.