Romanov Minor. Coat of iingalo Romanovs (B. V. Kene)

Ookumkani Romanovs - le Moscow usapho endala boyar. Andrei Ivanovich Mare - wokuqala wabhekisela ngukhokho ikamva ohlanga. Wayephila kwinkulungwane XIV baza bakhonza njengoko Grand Duke Vladimir kunye eMoscow noSimon abakhukhumali, unyana omdala Ivana Kality. Andrei Mare, kunye Alexei Bosovolkovym, wenza njengekhonco ekuqukunjelweni umtshato phakathi inkosana eMoscow Mariey Aleksandrovnoy, intombi yenkulu saseTver. Le laseMelika waba yimpumelelo.

Malunga Andrew eemazi zamahashe encwadini yeembali ayisendim ekhankanywe, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuba inzala yakhe baqhubeka bekhonza iinkosana eMoscow. Oonyana bakhe baba lusungulo yamagama eziziingangamsha, kodwa Fyodor Izinja kunye wathabatha Romanov tsars. Igama ngokwayo ilifa praprapravnuka Andrei eemazi - Romana Yurevicha Zaharina, ngamagosa kakhulu odumileyo noomantyi. Intombi yakhe, Anastasia Romanovna, umfazi wokuqala kwaye bathandiweyo Ivan IV labangcangcazelisi.

Kwaziwa ukuba Anastasia isimo sakhe ngobubele nonobubele soloko ukuzidambisa indoda yakhe. Ukuba ukufa kwakhe itshitshisiwe ezikhethiweyo nemihlali, okuphinde nangawathembanga ngayo la yokumkani izinduna. Umtshana Jurevny Anastasia waba Fedor Nikitich Romanov, ubuntu kubalulekile kwimbali Russian. Yaba nguye lowo yathatha inxaxheba kwezopolitiko Ngexesha Iingxaki, naye ngenkani tonsured yimonki Borisom Godunovym.

Xa ekuqaleni kobukumkani the Romanovs? kwenzeka njani? Kangakanani mcimbi? Zonke ezi mibuzo uza kufumana iimpendulo kwinqaku.

Unyulo uMikhail Romanov ukuya etroneni

Xesha sikulo, xa ubukumkani Romanovs, kwaba nzima yaye wamagazi. In Russia ekupheleni XVI ziyashukuma ukuchithwa, eya isiba Smoot. Unyana Ivana Groznogo, Fyodor wafa engenabantwana, umntakwabo Dmitri wabulawa Uglich, omnye Ivan Ivanovich, ukuba wafa ngexesha ubomi kayise. Sika loo Rurik ubukhosi, kwakukho ingxaki dynastic. Emva koko waye utshintsho rhoqo karhulumente, ezemisebenzi Godunov kunye Shuisky akaba nako ukuyenza itrone. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba abantu abamthandi ookumkani ezintsha, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa nkqubo zabo aluphumelelanga, kodwa ngenxa yokuba Godunov kunye Shuisky zinyulwe abalawuli musa ilifa itrone.

Ezifana imiphumo yokoyika kwi Zemsky Sobor ngo-1613, nto leyo kwakhona kwaphakama umbuzo yookumkani. kwafuneka ukuba ukukhetha umntu ongenzanga kuluhlu lwabantu abaziwa ngokungahlawuli igama layo ngexesha Troubles. Kubalulekile ukuba ndothulele umnqwazi Cossacks, badlale indima ebonakalayo konyulo uMikhail Romanov. Akuphelelanga apho, baba ukongama ngokwamanani, le Cossacks wahlala ngokungenakonakala. Prince Troubetzkoy, efuna ukufumana itrone, musa sinayo, saliqengqa oontanga bakhe ukuba ukufumana inkxaso phakathi Cossacks. Nabo ke, zange ale izipho, kodwa musa bangakwicala nesikhulu.

Kwakhona indima egwebayo ekukhetheni uMikhail Fedorovich wadlala akukho pretender kwitrone e Moscow, njengoko oku kunokukhokelela ngesihelegu, kwaye ukuphazamisa Zemsky Sobor. Izinduna Romanov wayamkela candidacy, kuba babekholelwa ukuba usemtsha (ngexesha lo mfana wayeneminyaka eli-16 ubudala) kwaye iya kuba 'ngukumkani pocket ", unopopi ezandleni zabo. Xa wagqiba ukuba ukucela ibhodi ukuthatha uMikhail Fedorovich, ekhumbula ulwalamano lwakhe kunye Rurik ubukhosi, njengokuba noyise wakhe , uMphathi Filaret i umza Tsar Fedor Ivanovich.

Igqala le ngemvelaphi ubukhosi

Yayiyintoni Umfuziselo usapho Romanov? Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngawo, makhe sifunde kwebali ngemvelaphi ubukhosi.

Ekuqaleni kwefom ngenkulungwane XVI kokufika Vikings eRashiya, echazwe kwi "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka", oko engasekho acatshulwe kwaye akukho ndlela walomeleza iwonga ngezizwe Russia. Ngelo xesha, kukho ingcamango "eMoscow - i Rome Third", ukomeleza indawo yelizwe njengeziko Orthodox. kwafuneka ukuba beze ilivo le Tari_pedigree ubukhosi elilawulayo. Luphawu eyaziwa ngokuba waseRoma Augustus. Ngokutsho legend, isihlobo sakhe, Prus, wathunyelwa eYurophu uphuhliso lomhlaba kunye nokusekwa karhulumente. Ngoko ke waba ngukumkani Prussia, yaye kanye ihlalwa nokuxubana.

Inzala Prus baqala ukwandisa intsimi wayo empumalanga, ziye izinziswe kunye namazwe Russian. Ngoko kwakukho indlu Rurik. Kodwa le ilejendi unxulunyaniswa Romanovs? elula kakhulu. Ngowe-1722 uPetros Kwakhona ndagqiba lokuvuma ukuba semthethweni kwamandla abo "uqiniso" ye nemvelaphi yakhe. Mlawuli wayalela ukuba ukuphuhlisa olu guqulelo lwe uKumkani Arms Stepan Andreyevich Kolycheva. Ngoku Kuthathwa ukuba ngexesha bamaRoma (373 okanye 305 kwiminyaka), uKumkani Prussia Prouty ocande ilifa ubukumkani kumzalwana wakhe Veydevutu, waza waya esixekweni yobuhedeni Romanov, apho ubezukile yena njengoko umbingeleli omkhulu. Le ndawo yokuhlala ibekwe ngasechwebeni Dubissy kunye Nevyazhi apho embetha oki bayo bakhula. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, ubukumkani Veydevut yahlulwe ziinxalenye eziliqela.

Omnye woonyana bakhe, Nedron, waba ngukumkani kumazwe zhmudskih (ummandla Lithuania namhlanje). Kwiinkulungwane kamva, ngenkulungwane XIII, owayeyinzala Nedrona, nobubovu Cambio, weza eRashiya, apho wakhonza njengoko Prince wokuqala Moscow, Daniilu Aleksandrovichu. Apho waba ngumKristu, yaye igama lakhe lokuqala yayisisiteketiso - eemazi zamahashe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi iinguqulelo akukho nyaniso, imizamo emininzi-mbali ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubunyaniso yabo yaba lilize. Noko ke, uninzi wakubaphathi Romanov ubukhosi ezinkulu ngokwenene, ukuthetha malunga nelona galelo eziza kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

Mihaila Fedorovicha Romanova wobukumkani

UMikhail Fedorovich walawula 1613 ukuya 1645. Wenza umsebenzi onzima kakhulu - ukuzinzisa le meko kweli lizwe, ezichithakeleyo emva Troubles. Misa babebanga abalawuli. "Vorenok Ivashka" unyana nguDmitry False II, ngubani ukuxhamla ukulawula lokumkani omtsha ndinganelisekanga, wabulawa. ukudla Fixed yama- etroneni Russian. Okokuqala, impumelelo yaba nkqubo angaphandle kaMikayeli. Ngowe-1617 wenza Stolbovsky uxolo Sweden, ubebuyele Novgorod apho eRashiya. Ngo-1618 i asayina isivumelwano Deulino kunye ePoland, nto leyo eya kukhokelela ekubeni imeko ngaphakathi ngenxa yokungabikho ingozi evela ngaphandle. Noko ke, kule ESmolensk War (1632-1634) eRashiya wahlulwa.

Alexis

Ebudeni bolawulo Alexei Mikhailovich, kuye kubekho iziganeko ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, kodwa ke ukumkani ngomthunzi unyana wakhe, uPeter I Omkhulu. Nangona Alexis ngelika ifrequency, ubudala wobukumkani bakhe ngokuba "buntashnym". Ngeli xesha (1645-1676) wawa ukunganeliseki ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezithandwayo: Salt Riot (1648), ibhrasi Riot (1662) kunye imfazwe neyabalimi elikhokelwa Stepan Razin (1670-1671). Ngenxa iziganeko ikhowudi yokuqala imithetho yamkelwa - Conciliar I-Code (1649), njengoko apho abhalise serfdom ngokusemthethweni. Famous ngenxa yotshintsho ka uBhishophu Nikon, owafuna ukubalelana izithethe zonqulo kunye neencwadi nezokuqala zamaGrike. Nangona amanyathelo ngokutsha zazingabalulekanga (iseti kwindawo troeperstiem, ukubhala igama likaYesu, njalo-njalo. D.) Kwakhona zabangela elininzi ukunganeliseki ebantwini.

Peter I A.

Wonke umntu uyayazi lo umlawuli wokuqala Russian, a wenguquko enkulu umphathi abanetalente - Peter I Alekseevich. Amanyathelo okuqala ezimeleyo baba amaphulo ukumkani Azov, sibonga ngalo eRashiya zifumana ukuya kuLwandle Azov kunye Umzi wommeli-Great, apho uPetros ngokwakhe yathatha inxaxheba. Russia yamkele amasiko amaninzi aseYurophu, uMbumbi kuMntla Alliance for impi Sweden. Ngexesha Enkulu Northern War (1700-1721) eRashiya zifumana ukuya kuLwandle eBaltic kwaye uye wafumana iwonga bukhosi. utshintshwano abaliqela uPetros negalelo kuphuhliso olukhawulezayo capitalism kweli lizwe, imfundo, inkcubeko, inzululwazi, njalo-njalo. D.

UCatherine II Alexeyevna

UPetros I safumana umyalelo yokulandelelana, njengako kuyo inkosi lityumbe ezihlangwini, kodwa umlawuli akazange abe ixesha ukulahla kule nkalo, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni lika kwibhotwe elide apho abaviwa etroneni, ukuthembela Yabalindi, bambamba amandla. Inkoliso yabo ayikwazi ukuba bakhwele, kodwa oku akunjalo n II, umfazi yabantu Russian wamthiya uPetros III, umzukulwana ka-Peter I. kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yangaphandle nangaphakathi ka-Catherine linokuchazwa ngokuthi yimpumelelo. Yena amazwe ibandla nenkolo (1764), kubhangise hetman e Ukraine (1764), kwenziwe utshintsho weNdlu yeeNgwevu (1763), zamaphondo (1775), isixeko (1785). Kube ziziphumo nkqubo lasemzini ukuba afumane ufikelelo kuLwandle Olumnyama ukulawula losingasiqithi iCrimea.

Alexander I Pavlovich

Alexander I - isafobe kunokuba impikiswano kwimbali Russian. Ukuqala kobukumkani bakhe bethembisa - IKomiti Private, eziquka umlawuli omalunga wakhupha ummiselo sokuxolelwa kwezopolitiko (1801), inguqu iiplanga yoMphathiswa (1802), ngomhla kubalimi mahala (1803). Ngowe-1812, eRashiya iphumelele uloyiso olukhulu emfazweni, waqinisa amagunya igunya yamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa kwisiqingatha sesibini wolawulo Alexander sengqondo zobunene ngendeb 'itshintshiwe, kunye nokuba wayengomnye ezibangela kwimvukelo le Decembrists ngo-1825.

Alexander II Nikolaevich

UMkhululi Alexander II wabiza ukuba iinguqu ezinkulu olwenziwa ngo-1861, - ukupheliswa serfdom. Loko Alexander II ingubo Romanov usapho iingalo sadalwa, nto leyo eza kuxoxwa ngezantsi. Ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe, utshintsho ezininzi zaphunyezwa: inkundla (1864), isithili (1864), isixeko (1870), emkhosini (1861-1874) kunye nezinye iinguqulelo. Noko ke, nesiguquli enkulu, wabulawa 1881 narodovolnikom A. I. Zhelyabovym.

Romanov Last

On lokulawula Nicholas II kaThixo yaba lixesha nzima. a lot of igazi elaphalalayo ngexesha nentlekele Khodynka Field (1894), kwi-Russian-Japanese War (1904-1905), kwi-Revolution (1905-1907), iMfazwe Yehlabathi I (1914-1918) kunye February Revolution (1917). Nangona kunjalo, ebukumkanini uNicholas kwakukho kukho ukwanda kakhulu kwinani labemi, iirhafu phakathi kwanala aphakathi eYurophu, ezandleni amafama yaba malunga ne-80% yomhlaba olimekayo. Ngelishwa, ukunqongophala ukubamba ngesandla ukusilela ozimeleyo nkqubo angaphandle kunye elinamandla umdala UGrigory Rasputin kukhokelele ukubhukuqwa * uKhesare ngoMatshi 1917 yaye wadubula nentsapho yam ehlobo elizayo. Loo Romanov ubukhosi yokugqibela iye yaphela.

Owasungula le Russian Zakudala Society

Berngard Vasilevich Kene - heraldist enkulu uBukhosi Russian, umseki yaseRussia Archaeological Society. On ngokwakhe, gerbotvorchestva eyalela eRashiya yabanjwa. Ngowe-1857, uBaron Koehne nokumisela imithetho imifuziselo ubuciko. Bernhard yaba uMdali yesibini Big ngumfuziselo yoBukhosi baseRashiya kunye Crest, intsapho Romanov ubukhosi.

Coat of iingalo Romanovs: kwimbali

Ekubeni ndifikile amandla ngo-1613, bonke abaphathi Romanov ubukhosi wasebenzisa xifaniso xa tiko, oluveza ukhozi-headed ezimbini. Kodwa i-s 60 kwinkulungwane XIX, Alexander II wayefuna ukudala uphawu lobuqu. Njani ingubo yentsapho iingalo Romanov ubukhosi? Kuba isiseko saso ngumfuziselo izinduna Romanov. Kodwa kukho kwakhona uphawu lwe Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov, njengoko isebe ngqo liduna eligqibeleleyo ubukhosi kunqunyulwa elifutshane 1730 kunye nokufa umzukulwana kaPetros I, uPetros II, nabafazi - ngo-1761 kunye nokufa intombi yakhe Elizabeth. Ummeli yokuqala indlu ka-Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov uPetros III. Umama wakhe, uAnna, intombi ka-Petra Velikogo, noyise, Karl Friedrich, waye iNkosana Holstein-Gottorp. UPetros, kubonakala ukuba, akazange abe nexesha ukusombulula igama elisemthethweni labalawuli, kunye nomfazi wakhe, uCatherine II, akazange ukutsala ingqalelo umba kakhulu imtyibilizi, kuba ekuqaleni indawo yayo phezu kwetrone kwaba kuhle iyaxokozela.

Imiqondiso imifanekiso-Holstein Gottorp-Romanov

Ntoni ingubo ka iingalo Romanovs? Ixabiso izicacele; kuba amandla negunya.

Ikhaka waba zahlulo ezimbini. idyasi Ilungelo iingalo Romanovs. Lo mzobo intamo ebomvu, ephethe iinzipho zayo ikrele kunye namakhaka. Eyona iinkcukacha ibalulekileyo - i encinane ukhozi emnyama ehleli phezu kwebhodi. Elunxwemeni kophawu lwesizwe ezihonjiswe iintloko weengonyama. Kukholelwa ukuba Yimbonakaliso Romanovs belibolekiwe ngabo ukususela Umfuziselo Livonia, njengoko Griffin - inani eliqhelekileyo kwi heraldry yaseYurophu. Coat of Arms Schleswig-Holstein kubekwe ekhohlo wahlulwe ube zahlulo ezintlanu, ngaphandle ikhaka encinane embindini. Emphethweni, uyakwazi ukubona ingubo iingalo Schleswig, Holstein ingubo lwesizwe, kophawu lwesizwe stormarnsky, idyasi ditmarsensky. Ikhaka engaphakathi nayo yahlulwe kabini: Oldenburg kunye imifuziselo delmengorstsky.

House of the Romanov izinduna

House of Romanov Ophethe - isakhiwo kuphela iye yasinda ukususela amafa omkhulu Romanovs. Wavele, yayakhiwe kwinkulungwane XVI emva kwexesha. Ngenkulungwane XIX, Alexander II wavakalisa ukuba iNdlu waba museum ukhululekile ukutyelela. House of Romanov kwakhona langutana ni ngenxa yokuba kweendonga zayo umfanekiso Griffin ngayo umlinganiswa ophambili lentsapho Romanov.