Test Blood. Blood ekunqandeni. Kokuhlaziya yegazi: coagulation

Igazi - kodwa ikwadala engundoqo emzimbeni womntu. Ngokuqhubekayo elijikeleza kuyo nokuhambisa neseli oksijini zonke metabolites kubalulekile, nto leyo isenza imisebenzi yayo engundoqo. Ukongeza, igazi naye nokukhuseleka ukusungulwa ezininzi kwamagciwane kwezifo ezosulelayo, kwakunye kuyenze ukopha kwimeko umonakalo nayiphi na inqanawa. Ngaphandle yinkqubo coagulation eyodwa kuqulethe iseti oluntsonkothileyo iiprothini. Ngoku njen iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

Ubume hemostasis

Kufuneka afumanise ukuba inkqubo hemostasis. It iqulathe amacandelo amabini zingavisisani kwezinye ngamnye - coagulation kunye anticoagulation. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, ukuba baphelelisane enye, kangangokuba igazi ayizange iguquke qualitative parameters zayo, yaye bakwazi ukondla kwezinye iithishu. Eyokuqala ufumana ukugqithisela kunye nokopha xa kuyimfuneko ukwenza ihlwili legazi obturation sayo ivulekile eludongeni inqanawa. Elesibini luvuliwe ngoko nangoko emva kotyando yokuqala, nto leyo ethi ithintele kwamahlwili kunye nophuhliso olongeziweyo thrombosis neziphumo ezibi, ezifana kobetho iposi engabalulekanga.

Ngoko ke, ngo izifo ezininzi kwenziwa uhlalutyo jikelele igazi. Blood ekunqandeni kunye imbewu yayo bacteria - injongo yesi sifundo. uyakwazi ukwenza uxilongo echanekileyo unyango olufanelekileyo ngokususela kwidatha yayo.

Awona macandelo kwi Ucazululo ngokupheleleyo igazi

Phakathi amacandelo kwenkqubo coagulation uphethe indawo ebalulekileyo njengoko iiseli kunye neeproteni. Oku kuqala zegazi, leyo, ukongeza umsebenzi wayo ophambili, kwakhona ukunika endothelium ukutya ngakwimida ngaphakathi beempahla zonke yegazi. Inani labo inokufunyanwa abaphumelela lwezonyango wegazi. Kwamahlwili, ke, kuxhomekeke nje kuphela inani labo, kodwa umgangatho wabo. Ngoko, xa ukungahambisalani umsebenzi semvelo ezi seli ukuphuhlisa thrombocytopathia, kunzima ukuchonga kwaye lubonakala ezininzi, kunzima ukuba ukunqanda ukopha, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kukhokelela kwilahleko yobomi. Enye elula, olunikwe nkqu uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha kwezonyango igazi - ixesha ekunqandeni Lee-White. Ixhomekeka ndiwanyikimise ngemibhobho kunye zeendawana esithathwe de ihlwili Nonseparated ashinyeneyo.

izinto uphawu

Iiproteni nazo zibandakanyiwe ekwakhiweni kwenkqubo coagulation, wathetha izinto ezilishumi. yokuvelela yabo ixhomekeke kwinto yokuba iqhele ukuba kwimeko opholileyo de kukho isizathu imisebenzi yabo, kwakunye ezikwi entsonkothileyo sokuqaliswa zabo, apho benza zokuthundeza ezi khemikhali. Ngenxa yoko, le nkqubo ayinabantu noko. Iimpawu Umgangatho yomsebenzi wabo ifakiwe uvavanyo lwegazi elimxinwa - "igazi ekunqandeni" okanye "coagulation". Oku kuquka inani eliqingqiweyo iinketho, kodwa ugqirha ongumnini ulwazi ngabo, ngokuchanileyo kubizwa ngokuba unobangela ukuphazamiseka of hemostasis, kwakunye nesifo ngxabano. Ngenxa yoko, ukucazulula yegazi "amahlwili" libambe indawo ebalulekileyo amava bezonyango belo zeengcali nganye, kwaye ke ngoko siya kuxubusha ngayo iinkcukacha ngakumbi.

Iimpawu eziphambili coagulation

Ngoko ke, kolu phando ibandakanya neengqikelelo ezingundoqo ezilandelayo.

• Kuqala. D-dimer sisalathisi esibalulekileyo thrombosis, yaye ngaloo ndlela isetyenziswa moshilongo yokuqala thrombosis. Pregnant ezifumaneka izixa ezikhulu (amaxesha 3-4) ekupheleni kwexesha sokukhulelwa, kodwa oku eyongeziweyo lobeko lwe eqhelekileyo. Ubhaqo ngaba enamanani amakhulu kakhulu ubungqina sele kwikhosi zophendlo lwezifo yokukhulelwa. Ukongeza, ityhileke ukwanda kwezifo ezifana isifo samathambo, iingxaki ukopha, usulelo kakhulu.
• Ingcamango yesibini. ixesha Prothrombin Isalathisi intelekelelo enxuseneyo INR kunye PTI (index prothrombin) olwahlula imeko kwenkqubo coagulation igazi kwaye kulinganiswa Koagulometers kunye neefomula. Ichazwa ngokuba novavanyo hemostasis kwaye unyango anticoagulants ngqo.
• Okwesithathu. Lwefibrinogen - iproteni ezintsonkothileyo. Kuyinto esiyintsika ukuze kwakhiwe ihlwili legazi - thrombus. indyebo yalo ihamba hepatitis, isifo sezintso, iposi engabalulekanga, ukugula radiation, umhlaza. Noko ke, njengoko iqatshelwe ngethuba lokukhulelwa, exesheni, kwaye kananjalo kunye zokucwangcisa yomlomo kunye necandelo estrogen ephambili.

Iimpawu protivosvertyvaniya

• Ingcamango wesine. Lupus coagulant liqela antibodies zegazi zalo, nto leyo ibonakalisa inkqubo kakhulu sokuhlasela. Amaninzi afumaneka kwi ngezifo yokukhulelwa, okt. E. Gestosis. Ubukho balo uchaza ukuphazamiseka zabo kakhulu hemodynamic - nokudumba, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kungenzeka eliphezulu kwesisu. Ngoko ke, igazi, "igazi ekunqandeni" uhlalutyo lwenziwa bonke abasetyhini abakhulelweyo ukuthintela olu khetho.
• Okwesihlanu. Antithrombin-3, ngokuchaseneyo, i inkqubo anticoagulation protein kunye inhibitor thrombin. Ukuba isigulane yokulahlekelwa uvavanyo lwegazi, "coagulation igazi," kunye nokwehla nto kweli candelo, libonisa ubungozi thrombosis. Kwakhona, inkcazelo antithrombin-3 Kubalulekile ukuba ulawulo kwizigulane abafumana ixesha elide amachiza anticoagulant series (iziyobisi "TromboASS", "Cardiomagnyl", "clopidogrel").

UPawulos

Ukongeza kule miba ingentla apha, kukho aPTT ngomlinganiselo ibonisa kakhulu ngokucacileyo ezaneleyo / intswelo imiba ye igazi ekunqandeni. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukujonga genesis kakhulu kubazali bakhe ezahlukeneyo, isifo von Willebrand kaThixo, ubukho inhibitors coagulation kwemfuneko okanye anticoagulants ulwamkelo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kulingwa igazi ekunqandeni zingabonakaliswa kuphela. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba ngaba ukrokrela ukugxojwa kwi inkqubo hemostatic, kukho imfuno engxamisekileyo ukubona ugqirha.