Khan Giray: biography. kwakuphela Giray

Giray Dynasty phantse 350 iminyaka ulawulo yi-iCrimea Khanate. Lalibonisa ihlabathi abaninzi abantu abaziwayo, abanye babo Abalawuli amanqugwala, abanye baye bafumana umsebenzi wabo inkonzo yenzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko. Uhlobo zingozi ziquka mbali art ezaziwayo-kakuhle kwaye ethnographer Sultan Khan Giray. Ngobomi kwale ndoda, kwaye bali Giray ubukhosi ngokubanzi iya kuba phantsi kwengxoxo.

Biography Khan Giray

Sultan Khan Giray wazalwa ngo-1808 kwindawo ngoku Adygeya. Wayengunyana wesithathu iCrimea Tatar lakomkhulu, evela uhlobo abakwaKhan - Mehmeda Han Giray. Ukongeza, emithanjeni yakhe owehla Sultan negazi Circassian. Iimpawu kakhulu ezi ntlanga ezimbini ibhijelene kuwo.

Emva kokuba kwiminyaka engama-29 ubudala inxaxheba kwiqela yeemfazwe yoBukhosi baseRashiya, nakubeni elikwisikhundla yegosa kunye waka ukwahlukana eyahlukileyo. Kodwa imfazwe abaseAfrika, lo gama ndiqwenge nayo ekhaya, andizange inxaxheba, nangona, Kakade ke, le mfazwe wathi entliziyweni yakhe.

Khan Giray wabhala inani imisebenzi on ezizwe, uncwadi lwemveli kunye nembali vutshila abantu Circassian, bamamkeleyo udumo ehlabathini lonke. "Amanqaku malunga Circassia" yaye "isithethe Circassian" phakathi kwabo. Kwakhona - umbhali imisebenzi ezininzi zobugcisa. Kodwa ke inkoliso yemisebenzi yakhe lwapapashwa kuphela emva kokufa kwakhe. Khan Giray eyaziwa ngokuba umsunguli i Adyghe alphabet.

Ukususela ngowe-1841 uye ngenkuthalo zokugaya iivoti phakathi zinkomo (egameni lorhulumente Russian) ngenjongo loxolelaniso. Noko ke, imigudu yakhe yaphela lilize. Giray Khan wafa eneminyaka engama-34, ngo-1842, ukuze ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe.

Le ndoda enkulu washiya unyana - Sultan Murat Giray, owazalwa ngonyaka ka kokusweleka kukatata wakhe. Kodwa igalelo Sultan Khan Giray kuphuhliso Adyghe inkcubeko kunye noncwadi - nanto.

Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, kwaba njengentlonipho iCrimea AmaTatar ufuna ukunika kwakhona igama e Khan Giray Kherson.

Makhe sibone ukuba ngubani na iminyanya i zobuntu obalaseleyo.

Emazantsi ubukhosi

Owasungula le ubukhosi, abaphathi eCrimea yaba Haji Giray. Lowo weza evela uhlobo Tukatimuridov - enye amasebe kwinzala Genghis Khan. Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, iingcambu Giray ubukhosi bayinzala Mongol uhlobo kireev, kodwa Genghisides babelwa kuphela emva ukuzithethelela ilungelo labo lokulawula.

Haji Giray wazalwa malunga 1397 kummandla Belarus mihla, lo gama libhekisela Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL).

Ngelo xesha, zolotaya Orda wayesiya wayengenamali, Kwandile zahlulwe zaba States eziliqela ezizimeleyo. Amandla eCrimea, ngenkxaso ye-Lithuanian Grand Duke wakwazi ngo-1441 ukufaka Haji Giray. Ngenxa yoko, waba ngunozala ubukhosi, nabanegunya kwi eCrimea phantse 350 iminyaka.

Xa umthombo wamandla

Mengli Giray - Khan, owathi wabeka isiseko ngamandla iCrimea Khanate. Yena unyana Haji Giray, emva kokufa ogama (ngo-1466) ngumzabalazo amandla phakathi kwabantwana.

Ekuqaleni Khan wayengunyana omdala ka Haji Giray - Nur Devlet. Kodwa Mengli Giray wagqiba umngeni umthetho. amaxesha amaninzi apha ekuhambeni lo mzabalazo zembujiswano kwi iCrimea Khanate watshintsha umphathi. Kulo mzekelo, ukuba Nur Devlet e amabango ayo yayisekelwe yobugorha Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunye Ottoman, i Mengli Ubhejo kwi esazi iCrimea yasekuhlaleni. Kamva wangena ekulweni enye umzalwana - Eider. Ngowe-1477 kube ikwazile ukuthatha itrone Janibekov na ndingenguye Giray Minor.

Ekugqibeleni, ngo-1478 Mengli Giray Okokugqibela oyise izitha zabo baze bafumane zintshula kuloo ngamandla. Yaba nguye lowo wazibeka iziseko ngamandla iCrimea Khanate. Nangona kunjalo, ekulweni abanye abaviwa, kwafuneka avume imeko yakhe kwayo le Ottoman, Nelokubanika kumazantsi eCrimea, leyo loni namahlakani ayo - ngamaRoma, olawula ngqo baseTurkey.

ICrimea Khan Giray Mengli umfelandawonye eMoscow nxamnye nyambalala (ekuziseni i Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunene), kunye Lithuania. Ngowe-1482 imikhosi yakhe eziphanzileyo eKiev, ngelo xesha abenaso ON. Xa wenziwe iCrimea AmaTatar ukuhlasela mass karhataka kwi amazwe Grand Duchy of Lithuania kwi-sikhokelo ukuthotyelwa eMoscow iSivumelwano. Ngowe-1502 Mengli Giray ekugqibeleni wabatshabalalisa kakhulu mkhosi.

Wafa Mengli Giray ngo-1515.

olunye amandla Khan kaThixo

Wasiqinisa kaRhulumente Mehmed Giray - Khan, owayelawula emva kokufa Mengli Giray kwaye uza unyana wakhe. Ngokungafaniyo noyise, naye umfana elungiselela ukuba abe ngumlawuli kunye isihloko - kalga, leyo wu fanaka akangenanga inkulu isithsaba. Mehmed Giray wakhokela amaphulo amaninzi anzima zilungelelaniswe Mengli Giray.

Ngexesha ukulawula yakhe kwetrone wayengafuni ezandleni zakhe zonke imisonto karhulumente, ukuze imizamo abazalwana bakhe ukuba imvukelo lalingayi kuphumelela.

Ngowe-1519 Krymskoe Hanstvo liye landa kakhulu ukususela saya kummandla lunalo Nogai mkhosi. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-Nogai wawoyisa Kazakhs, ngoko ke kwafuneka ukuba acele yokuhlala Mehmed Giray.

Xa Mehmed utshintsho nkqubo bezinye iintlanga iCrimea Khanate. Emva kokuba nyambalala woyiswa nguyise wakhe, imfuneko umfelandawonye eMoscow ulawulo wanyamalala, ngoko Mehmed Giray Khan wenza umfelandawonye Lithuania nxamnye neRashiya. Kuyo 1521 iphulo yokuqala enkulu iCrimea AmaTatar e Moscow ubulawuli kwahlelwa.

Mehmed Giray likwazile ukubeka phezu etroneni Kazan Khanate umzalwana wakhe - Sahib Giray, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa impembelelo yayo kummandla kuMbindi iVolga. Ngowe-1522, yena ithumba Astrakhan Khanate. Ngenxa yoko, Mehmed Giray eneneni ikwazile ukuba ndizinyathele inxalenye enkulu kobokuqala nyambalala Golden.

Kodwa ke ukuhlala e Astrakhan, i Khan ke ngoko udakiwe nge ngamandla akhe ukuba lichithakale umkhosi, ungasebenzisa nabagxeki, ngubani waququzelela iyelenqe nxamnye Mehmed Giray ndambulala 1523.

Phezulu kwamandla

Kweli xesha ukusuka 1523 ngo 1551 khosi walawula abazalwana noonyana Mehmed Giray. Eli xesha ke umzabalazo elibukhali kakhulu ngaphakathi iCrimea Khanate. Kodwa ngo-1551 weza amandla, Devlet Giray - unyana ka Mubarak, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, wayengunyana ka-Mengli Giray. Kwaba ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe, Krymskoe Hanstvo yafikelela amandla incopho.

Devlet Giray - i iCrimea Khan, lowo ingakumbi ukuhlasela edumileyo karhulumente Russian. phulo lakhe kwakhokelela 1571, nkqu ukutshiswa eMoscow.

Devlet Giray waba ngamandla engama-26 waza wafa ngo-1577.

Ukwenziwa buthathaka Khanate

Ukuba unyana Devlet Giray Mehmed II kodwa ikwazile ukugcina iwonga le iCrimea Khanate, ngoko ke ixabiso ezihlangwini zakhe Tatar karhulumente kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele siwile kakhulu. Mehmed II ngokwakhe 1584, wabhukuqwa umbusi Turkish, kodwa endaweni yoko watyala umzalwana Islyam Giray. Emva khans iCrimea waba abalawuli encinane obesazeka, kunye nemeko sengxokozelo baba kakhulu rhoqo.

Ngowe-1648, kwibala ezopolitiko ezinkulu wazama ukuya Islyam Giray III, umfelandawonye Zaporozhye Cossacks emfazweni inkululeko nxamnye Commonwealth. Kodwa le manyano kungekudala bawa waza Hetman wafudukela ngabemi ukuya Russian Tsar.

Umlawuli wokugqibela

Umlawuli lokugqibela iCrimea Khanate wabonakala Khan Shahin Giray. Nokuba ebudeni bolawulo ezihlangwini zakhe, Devlet Giray IV, ngowe-1774, Krymskoe Hanstvo yazimela evela Ottoman wavuma ukuba Protectorate of Russia. Lo ngomnye iimeko zehlabathi Kuchuk Kaynarca, ezigqityiweyo enye imfazwe Russian-Turkish.

ICrimea Khan Shahin Giray wangumlawuli ngo-1777 njengoko uTimoti of Russia. Wanyuselwa itrone endaweni pro-Turkish Devlet Giray IV. Noko ke, nkqu exhaswa iingalo Russian, wahlala lathamba phezu kwetrone. Oku kungqinwa yokuba 1782 wesuka wahliswa etroneni umzalwana wakhe Bahadir Giray, ezeza igunya phezu naloo kwimvukelo ethandwayo. Ngoncedo eentloko ezaxhobela Russian Shahin Giray ikwazile ukuba siphinde itrone, kodwa waqhubeka umbuso wakhe esiyinyani, kuba amandla wokwenene ayisekho waba.

Ngowe-1783, le angeyonyani lwapheliswa. Shahin Giray wasayina shela yakhe, kwaye iCrimea Khanate iye ehlonyelwe uBukhosi Russian. Yaphela kanjalo ubukumkani Giray eCrimea. Ngoku kwezatifiketi iBhodi Shagina unako ukukhonza ngaphandle eziinkozo Giray Khan, ogama umfanekiso kuyabonakala ngasentla.

Shahin Giray emva shela lwahlalayo kuqala Russian, kodwa emva koko waya eTurkey, apho ngo-1787 wabulawa ngokwemiyalelo Sultan.

Giray ngemva kokususwa ilahleko amandla

Sultan Khan Giray - olu hlobo kuphela ummeli elaziwa emva kokuba ilahleko amandla ubukhosi phezu eCrimea ngokubanzi. Famous bekukho abazalwana bakhe - Sultan Adil Giray kunye Sagat Sultan Giray, owaba dumile endle lomkhosi kuxhamle yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

Great-umtshana ye Khan-Giray Giray Sultan Davlet adygskogo yaba ngunozala yeqonga. Umzalwana yokugqibela, Suta eCrimea Giray, wayengusihlalo Committee-Calvary Division. Zombini babulawa ngo-1918 yi-iiBolsheviks.

Okwangoku, itayitile iCrimea Khan ngegama ibango Dzhezzar Pamir Giray, ohlala e-London.

Meaning Gireev uhlobo kwimbali yehlabathi

Rhode Gireev washiya istampu kwimbali eCrimea, kwaye imbali elimiweyo liphela. Igama le ubukhosi phantse kuhlangene ubukho iCrimea Khanate - urhulumente, nto leyo ngexesha layo wadlala indima ephambili eMpuma Yurophu.

Gireev ukhumbula kunye sizukulwana le iCrimea AmaTatar, ukunxulumana olu hlobo namaxesha ezizukileyo kwimbali yesizwe. Akumangalisi eziyiyo nenyathelo kwakhona Khan Giray Kherson.