Trainability - is ... Fast umfundi. Indlela ukuphuhlisa ukufunda

Inkqubo yokufunda kubandakanya nokwenziwa lomntwana othile, kunikwa, ngokuxhomekeka kubudala, inkqubo ulwazi kunye nezakhono. Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo iimpawu ngabanye nxaxheba ngamnye kule nkqubo yemfundo, wabonakaliswa uhlobo ubuntu iqondo uphuhliso inkumbulo, ingqalelo kunye umbono. Ukudityaniswa kwezi mpawu ubuntu komntwana imisela impumelelo yayo, impahla ocacisa ezimanyanisayo, nto pedagogy kunye psychology zibizwa ngokuba abanokukhubazeka zokufunda.

ukutolikwa ezahlukileyo imbono "yokufunda '

Ngokubanzi, ukufunda - le yenye yeempawu eziphambili yokulungela yomntu nokufunyanwa okhawulezileyo okanye ngenjongo ulwazi, ebonakalaliswe susceptibility ezahlukeneyo ekufundeni ulwazi olutsha ngexesha lemisebenzi yemfundo.

Umzekelo, ngokubhekiselele amalungu, le impahla kuhlangene kunye uthsintsho e-nervous system, oko kukuthi, izinga ukuyilwa unxibelelwano yexeshana kuyo (vd Nebylitsin). Kodwa trainability eliphezulu, adla hhayi kuphela ngumba yezengqondo-nokomzimba. Oku kuhlangene ukuya kwinqanaba uphuhliso lomsebenzi ngokwasengqondweni kunye nemveliso yayo.

Ingqiqo "learning" liye ukutolika ezininzi, njengoko kuqwalaselwa ziingcali kummandla pedagogy kunye psychology kusenezithuba ezininzi zobugcisa. Ngokukodwa, B. G. Ananev inxulumanisa umzobo ngengqondo elungisiweyo kuphuhliso ekhawulezayo kwinkqubo zokufundisa. B. V. Zeygarnik ikholelwa ukuba ukufunda yinto uluhlu ezinokwenzeka ezinokuba umntwana kuphuhliso lolwazi olutsha ukusebenza nabantu abadala. I. A. Zimnyaya aphatha ngayo le ngqikelelo njengoko ukulungela ilungelo lomntwana lokufumana nokutolika uncedo katitshala. Inkcazo kule kota kakhulu ngqo kwaye luphelele unika H I. Kalmykov. Ngokutsho ingcamango yakhe, ukufunda - indibaniselwano bepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda bomntu, ukudityaniswa eyahlukileyo leyo kugqiba inqanaba ucikizeko lomsebenzi kwezemfundo. Ezi zakhiwo zibandakanya gabalala iinkqubo, ulwazi, ukuzimela, ukuthamba kunye nokuzinza ngengqondo yokucinga, susceptibility nkathalo.

Iimpawu yokufunda

isikolo kwabafundi luphawulwa izikhombisi ezinjalo, isantya inkqubela ekufundeni ulwazi nophuhliso lwezakhono, ukungabikho ubunzima kwinkqubo yophuhliso (stress, ukudinwa ngqiqweni, njl ..), The plasticity acinge lenguqu ukuya iindlela ezintsha komsebenzi joint, Ukuzinza nokucengceleza kunye nokuqonda eziphathekayo.

AK Markova yabela kwezi zalathisi ngokucokisekileyo ngakumbi:

- ukuziphatha inxaxheba orientation kwindawo entsha;

- ngokuthatha inyathelo kwi enyuliweyo isigqibo zemisebenzi ezongezelelweyo ungayikhetha, umnqweno ukudlulela imisebenzi enzima kakhulu;

- ukuzingisa ekuphumezeni iinjongo, kwaye ukukwazi ukuba boyise imiqobo nazo kunye ukuphazamiseka;

- mbono esihle ngoncedo omdala (umzali, utitshala), ukunqongophala loqhankqalazo.

Umfundi njenge imeko yophuhliso kwengqondo

Ngundoqo "zokufunda" iguqulwe- kusekwa L. S. Vygotskim amanqanaba umsebenzi yengqondo. Eyokuqala kuzo - umhla, okwesibini - ummandla wophuhliso proximal. Yiyo le into imisela umahluko phakathi uluhlu lwemisebenzi ukuba umntwana enze ngokwabo, kunye noluhlu ngokubanzi amathuba ngoku ikwazi ukuqonda ngokusebenzisa uncedo omdala.

L. S. Vygotsky ngokusesikweni athi ummandla wophuhliso proximal kuchaphazela ngqo nemiba yomsebenzi yengqondo, ngokuchaseneyo kwinqanaba yangoku. Inkqubo Ukufundisa aqhubeke eyiyo nangenkathalo xa imisebenzi ekufundeni kuchaphazela umntwana nokuphuhlisa amathuba ngalo mzuzu akakwazi xiya ngokwabo.

Ngenxa yoko, uphuhliso ukufunda onokuchaza efukamileyo, izakhono ezinokuba abantwana, ukuphucula receptivity ukufunda ulwazi olutsha evumela ukuba sithethe nto ezingundoqo, nto leyo ophambili womsebenzi yengqondo.

uqeqesho

Trainability - yenye yeempawu ezibalulekileyo zokuxilonga ezibonakalisa impumelelo yenkqubo yemfundo. Kucingwa okokuqala nje isigaba esahlukileyo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, xa kuthelekiswa kuqeqesho. Xa ensayiklophidiya zokufundisa la magama abalulekileyo zitolikwa hlobo.

Imfundo - indibanisela ulwazi, izakhono nobuchule, nto leyo ibonisa umphumo okulindelekileyo yemfundo. iikhrayitheriya yayo equlethwe kule GEF.

UMarko ubonisa Education. Nokufunda luyimfuneko kule meko ekufumaneni inqanaba eliphezulu umfundi. Le nkqubo ibandakanya inkqubo ireyithi komsebenzi ngamnye nomgangatho nokwenziwa kolwazi. Lo mhlaba kuhlangene kunye nophuhliso iinkqubo kwengqondo njengoko imbono, ukucinga, inkumbulo, ukuyila, intetho, ingqalelo. Kwakhona kwaba ubudlelwane phakathi kwinqanaba lokufunda ukuyilwa amanqwanqwa inkuthazo yaye volitional nangokweemvakalelo ubuntu.

Uxilongo lokufunda ebantwaneni kwizikolo zaseprayimari

Eyona njongo ephambili isifundo amanqanaba okufunda kwizikolo zaseprayimari:

1. Ukumiselwa lokusekwa lwezalathisi eziphambili impumelelo yenkqubo yemfundo kwinqanaba junior esikolweni.

2. Uphando lweempawu ngamnye kunye Dynamics suggestibility ebantwaneni.

3. Ukutyunjwa uhlobo lokufunda macala kunye suggestibility kwezi zifundo.

Uphawu yokufunda imathematika abantwana junior isikolo becala yenziwe ngokungqinelana iziphumo zophononongo diagnostic kwi indlela eyenziwe yi Yu Gutka. Umongo ngayo ukwenza imisebenzi 10 enxulumene ukwakhiwa kuthotho amanani ngokuvisisana nemigaqo ethile. Utitshala uqhuba isifundo ngoncedo amakhadi ibonisa imivo emithathu yokuqala sifundo. Umntwana kufuneka siqhubeke olu ngcelele ngokongeza amanani amathathu amathandathu ecetywayo yi yokubala kunye nomgaqo yokwakha. Ukutolikwa iziphumo yenziwa ngokuphathelele uhlobo kunye nenombolo iimpazamo.

Chonga inqanaba yokufunda lolawulo oluphakathi kunye abaphezulu abafundi '

Ngowe-1997 P. I. Tretyakovym kunye IB Sennovskaya lenze indlela une abaneziphene zokufunda kwinqanaba lokuzimela imisebenzi yemfundo.

Isiphumo isifundo ogqitywe ithamo inkxaso yemfundo evela kootitshala. Ukufunda ixabiso izinga bomzimba ngokomlinganiselo ithamo uncedo. Oko kukuthi, kokukhona umntwana kufuneka utitshala inkxaso ihamba ukusuka kumphakamo wangoku kummandla wophuhliso proximal, inowuthi umgangatho wokufunda.

Kakuhle eli ndlela kukuba utitshala imizuzu 7-12 (ngokuxhomekeke kubudala kwezi zifundo) ubeka izinto ezintsha, usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ngolwazi. Kuyimfuneko ukuba "ebonwayo enika ulwazi", "audialy" yaye "kinesthetic" iimeko lokuqalisa ngokulinganayo. Okulandelayo kubanjwa nitrogen ephambili izinto ezintsha (5-7 imiz.). Emva koko, abafundi baqala ukusebenza ngokuzimeleyo, lwahlulwe ngezigaba-4.

1. Inkcazo ebhaliweyo ulwazi olutsha.
2. Phendula umbuzo ethile emalunga nokubhalwe yomxholo.
3. Le umsebenzi kuqala lubuye koko iimeko zitshintshiwe.
4. Ukusetyenziswa ulwazi kwimeko entsha, ezinxulumene ne indaba ngaphambili, imisebenzi yezandla, nezinye izifundo zesayensi.

amazinga emfundo

• III inqanaba lokufunda - enyangweni. Ibizwa creative, kuba busenza ukuba isakhono sokudibanisa ngokuzimeleyo inkcazelo entsha iseti ulwazi lwabo. Icacisa ukukwazi ukufumana iindlela ezingaqhelekanga zokusombulula iingxaki zemfundo usebenzisa iseti umgangatho Zun.

• II level - izicelo. Lubonakala bubukho ubuchule abantwana ukusebenzisa ngokubonakalayo ulwazi abazifumene kwimeko eqhelekileyo ekuso.

• kuzilungelelanisa I - zokuzala. Esikoleni, ukuqonda khumbula izinto ezintsha, kubhekisela algorithm yakhe.

Xa kunjalo, ukuba lo mbandela ayikho nako ukubonisa nkqu uluhlu ubuncinane iimpawu, oko kumiselwa sisikolo emngciphekweni.

YokuFunda kunye nokusebenza

Isibakala sokuba inani labafundi lisasalele emva kumanqaku amaninzi kuquka abantwana kunye namaqondo aphezulu kakhulu yokufunda ibonisa ukuba inkqubela ixhomekeke kwezinye iimeko, ezifana nempilo. Lo mhlaba ngendlela enye okanye omnye ukuze kubuyekezelwe kwinqanaba eliphantsi imveliso umsebenzi ngengqondo zabantwana. Oko kukuthi, ukuba kukho izinga eliphezulu lokwenziwa komsebenzi lo mntwana, luphawulwa abakhubazekileyo zokufunda amahlwempu, ukuze baphumelele kakuhle. Vice versa. Iindibaniso yokusebenza yokufunda aphakathi ephantsi kunokubangela nomsebenzi ombi umntwana.

iimpawu zokufundisa yale propati na imisebenzi D. V. Kolesova. Kokuqwalasela ukusebenza njengoko ukukwazi ukwenza iinzame ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni ezifunekayo ukuphuhlisa iindlela ezintsha yokufunda ukuliguquguqula ubunyani ezingqongileyo. Oku kulinganiswa ngexesha, nto leyo efunekayo ukuze umntu ukuba intsebenzo esemgangathweni umsebenzi othile yokufunda lo gama kugcinwe ukusebenza komzimba kangangoko.

kuphuhliso lokufunda IMVELAPHI

Ukuveliswa ukufunda kubangelwa nje kuphela iimpawu ngamnye womntwana, kodwa utitshala vzaimodeyatelnostyu kunye nomfundi. Oko kukuthi, Dynamics lokunyusa umgangatho zesi salathisi ixhomeke embonweni yi besikole yempembelelo zokufundisa ngakwicala ngutitshala.

Kubonakaliswa yokufunda kunokwenzeka kuphela kwinkqubo yemfundo. Ngoko ke, inyathelo ngalinye kwi idlulise ulwazi kufuneka ijoliswe ekufezekiseni namathelwano phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo iimpembelelo zokufundisa, ukuqinisekisa ukwandiswa kwindawo yophuhliso proximal.

Inkqubo lombutho kwenkqubo yemfundo ingaqatshelwa zihlanjiwe xa isinika imbonakaliso aphezulu yokufunda.

Iikhrayitheriya kuphuhliso lokufunda

Trainability - kulingana ngexabiso yokubonakalisa umthamo kunye isantya sokukhula ucikizeko lwezi iinkqubo yengqondo phantsi kwempembelelo yempembelelo zokufundisa.

Iikhrayitheriya ukusebenzisa kwayo eziliqela iimpawu lomsebenzi yengqondo umntwana:

1. Ubukho okanye ukungabikho iintswelo incam yesixhobo.

2. Ubungakanani bexesha elichithwa emsebenzini ukufumana amanani umgaqo efanayo.

3. Iindidi iimpazamo ezisekelwe kuhlalutyo imithombo kwazo.

4. Inani loqheliso ezifunekayo komntwana (yi A. Ya. Ivanovoy).

Xa intliziyo zokufunda ubuchule wendalo ngamnye kunye nomsebenzi wakhe ngokwasengqondweni. Ngenxa yoko, isimo somntwana kuchaphazela umgangatho salathisi kwi kwisifundo esithile kwaye igqiba impumelelo yayo kwiindawo ezithile zemfundo.

fast umfundi

Umntu ngalinye njengenxalenye yobume ubuchule zivalele ulwazi. Noko ke, ukufunda ngokukhawuleza ingathatha kuphela indawo-bume yezemfundo entle leyo edala imisebenzi ngempumelelo transfer intsebenziswano oboyudonapravlennoy kunye nokufumana ulwazi olutsha. Ubukho kwezi meko luqinisekiswa kakhulu imilo kunye nesiqulatho katitshala kunye nonxibelelwano womntwana, ukwakha ubuhlobo ekuhlaleni phakathi kwabo. kubonakaliswa yokugqibela lungabonakaliswa njengoko ukuqonda okanye ukungabi ukuqonda, uvelwano okanye antipathy, isivumelwano okanye ukungavumelani.

Ngoko ke iziphumo ubuninzi eshukumis ibinzana yale propati lulwahlulo ukuba ziphunyezwe, ngamanye amazwi ke ngoku. Le fomyula kwenza kube lula ukulindela yaprofeta amathemba sokuphuhlisa ukufunda zomfundi ngamnye okanye iqela labantwana xa bebonke.

technology Inkcazelo njengendlela yokufunda

Xa iimeko mihla le ndlela isebenzayo eza kuphucula indlela yokufunda kwabafundi, ngaba ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa ulwazi kwinkqubo yemfundo. Amvumela ukuba ukudala ezahlukahlukeneyo zokufundisa, ngesisombululo leyo iquka ukwanda kommandla wophuhliso proximal, lula, oko, ukuphunyezwa kwe uluhlu enkulu iingxaki zokufundisa.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ICT isekelwe phezu ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zekhompyutha njengendlela ukuba zilinganisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokucinga, ukuqalisa amanyathelo njengokuba ekuzaleni yaye ukwazi ukuthatha izigqibo imisebenzi esesikweni-ubhalo. Oku kuphela iza enamandla inkqubo wabagagamela ulwazi olutsha nezakhono, kodwa sisixhobo kuphuhliso babenobuchule kwimeko-bume ulwazi mihla. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ikhompyutha esebenza kuphela njengendlela eyiyo yokufunda, xa ukusetyenziswa kwaso kunye neenzame.

Indlela ukuphuhlisa ukufunda

A indima ekhethekileyo ekukhuliseni umgangatho weenkqubo zokufunda zidlala ukubunjwa ngaphakathi kwinkcazelo amanqanaba ezibuthathaka yophuhliso lwezakhono metacognitive. Kufuneka ukuba zihlelwe ulawulo lomsebenzi kwengqondo (ucwangciso kunye nokuzeyisa), intetho, ukukwazi ukuqonda nokusebenzisa iinkqubo uphawu ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, abafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo zezifundo kunokuzuzwa nentlangano enjalo senkqubo yemfundo xa vzaimodeyatelnost umntwana kwaye utitshala uya ezijolise ekulondolozeni umsebenzi rhoqo lweenkqubo ngokwasengqondweni.

Man, ukuba kwisithuba kweminyaka ethile yophuhliso, ukuba isifundo imisebenzi zemfundo ngamnye amanqanaba enkqubo yemfundo egqiba Okukodwa lokukhuthazwa, inkqubo kubudlelwane kunye vzaimodeyatelnosti nokufunda. Kuyinto ezi mpawu isigqibo imiba yokufunda lomntu ngamnye.