Abantu abaninzi bamathambo kunye nabokuqala bamandulo

Ingcamango yenzululwazi kaCharles Darwin yokuba abantu bamandulo bashiya ubukumkani bezilwanyana ngenxa yokukhetha kwendalo kunye nemiguqu ebonakalayo (iimpawu zengqondo kunye nomzimba), kangangokuba ikhulu leminyaka nesiqingatha yayingcikiva kunye nokuhlaselwa ngabagxeki. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje le ngcamango, exhaswa ngedatha ye-genetics, i-archeology, i-cytology kunye nezinye izikhokelo, ifumane indawo ephezulu kwizenzululwazi Ukulungiswa kwemvelaphi yomntu.

Kwenzeka njani konke

Isihlobo esisondeleyo somntu kwihlabathi lanamhlanje yi-chimpanzee. Yona yedatha yezofuzo ezihambelana neyethu nge-98%. Kwaye ukuhlukana okubonakala ngathi kumncinci kwenza ukuba kube lula ukukhupha kwizityalo zezilwanyana ukuba zinyuka kwiindawo kunye ne- quantum mechanics. Ngokwezibalo zabaphandi be-XX leminyaka, iindlela ze-apes anthropoid kunye nabantu ngokwazo zahlula malunga ne-6-8 yezigidi zeminyaka edlulileyo, xa kuqaliswa ukuqala, kwakha intsapho ye-hominids. Ummeli wokuqala wefossil wale nqanaba yidalwa ebizwa ngokuba yiSahelanthropus. Wahlala malunga ne-6-7 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, wahamba ngeemilenze ezimbini kunye nesakhiwo se-skeleton esele sinezinto ezihamba phambili. Yikuphi, nangona kunjalo, besesondelene nesilwanyana. Ewe, akunakutsho ukuba aba bantu basekudala. Hayi, kodwa le mizuzu yaba ngowokuqala, ivela kumasebe omthi kwaye yakhetha ubomi kwiindawo zeAfrika, ezatshintsha kakhulu indlela yazo yokuphila, kwaye emva kwayo iinguqu zomzimba nezentlalo.

Inkqubo ende yokuziphendukela kwemvelo

Ukongeza kwiSahelanthropus, abavubukuli baphumelele ekufumaneni ezinye iindibanisi kwiinkalo ezizijikelezayo: i-Orrorin (ephila iminyaka eyi-6 yezigidi edlulileyo), eyaziwayo kuyo yonke i-Australopithecus (iminyaka eyi-4 yezigidi edlulileyo), iparanthropus (iminyaka eyi-2.5 yezigidi). Ngayinye yalezi zihlandlo zinezixhobo ezihamba phambili xa kuthelekiswa nezo zangaphambili.

Umntu Wasendulo Wokuqala

I-real jerk kwindlela yokuzikhokela kwesoyihlo yayivela kuHomo Habilis (ubuchule) kunye neHomo ergaster (esebenzayo), ngokulandelanayo 2.4 kunye ne-1.9 yezigidi zeminyaka edlulileyo. Umthamo wabo wengqondo waba mkhulu kakhulu kunabo babandulela ngaphambili, kwaye babe ngabokuqala ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje kwihlabathi lezenzululwazi akukho nto ibonisa ukuba ngubani ookuqala abantu basekuqaleni. Abanye abaphengululi babiza umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zabasebenzi, abanye - ubuninzi bomzimba wengqondo (okwakunjalo noHomo habilis ayengenalo), okwesithathu - inqanaba elithile lentlangano yentlalo. Nangona kunjalo, akunakuphikiswa ukuba indoda yokuqala yakudala yayibizwa ngokuthi yiCro-Magnon. Aba bameli bokuqala bakaHomo sapiens babonakala malunga namawaka amawaka ama-40 edlulileyo eYurophu kwaye ekugqibeleni basekela izixeko zokuqala kunye nezizwe. Kubangel 'umdla kukuba abantu basekuqaleni, ababizwa ngokuba yi-Neanderthals, naphezu kobunzulu bezentlalo zabo, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo nomlilo, impumelelo yenkcubeko (kwintsapho), abasayi kubalelwa njengokhokho banamhlanje, kodwa iphela yisebe lokufa, iphela ngenxa yezizathu ezingaqondi kakuhle 25 iwaka leminyaka edlulileyo. Kukho iingcamango ezahlukahlukeneyo malunga nezizathu zokuphela kwazo: ukungakwazi ukutshintsha ixesha elilandelayo lezahlulo, ukuxoshwa kwiindawo zokuzingela i-Cro-Magnon, kunye nabanye bavumela ukutshabalalisa ngokwenyama kwe-Neanderthal yokugqibela.