Ubuncwane obusondeleyo kunye nomswakama opheleleyo: iimpawu zokulinganisa nokuzimisela

Uthotho luphawu olubalulekileyo lwendalo. Kodwa akusiyo yonke into eqondayo oko kuthetha ukuthathwa ngamaxabiso ezinkcukacha ezinikezelwa kwingxelo yemozulu. Ubuncwane obusondeleyo kunye nomswakama obunzulu bunxulumene. Ukuqonda isitshixo sodwa ngaphandle kokuqonda omnye akunakwenzeka.

Umoya kunye noMthungo

Umoya uqulethe umxube wezinto kwisimo segesi. Okokuqala, le nitrogen kunye ne-oxygen. Ukuhlanganiswa kwazo zonke (i-100%) iqulethe malunga ne-75% kunye no-23% ngesisindo, ngokulandelanayo. Phantse 1.3% ye-argon, ngaphantsi kwe-0.05% - yi-carbon dioxide. Intsalela (i- fraction ye-massage ekhoyo engama-0.005% iyonke) iwela kwi-xenon, i-hydrogen, i-krypton, i-helium, imethane neonon.

Kwakhona emoyeni, kukho ixesha elithile elithile lomswakama. Emoyeni, iyawa emva kokukhupha kwamanzi iimolyuli zamanzi ukusuka elwandle, ukusuka kumhlaba omanzi. Kwindawo efihliweyo, umxholo wayo ungahluka kwiimeko zangaphandle kwaye kuxhomekeke ekufumanekeni kwemithombo eyongezelelweyo yengeniso kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Ngenkcazo echanekileyo yeempawu zenyama kunye neenkcukacha zokubala, iingcamango ezimbini zisetyenzisiweyo: umswakama ohambelanayo kunye nomswakama opheleleyo. Ubomi bemihla ngemihla, umphunga ogqithiseleyo wamanzi uphiwa xa ukomisa impahla, ngexesha lokupheka. Abantu kunye nezilwanyana bayicula ngokuphefumla, izityalo ngenxa yokutshintshwa kwegesi. Kwimveliso, utshintsho kumlinganiselo wamanzi omphunga lunokuba ngenxa yokunciphisa kwiqondo lokutshisa.

Ukungcola kunye nokunyaniseka okuhambelana nomoya: iimpawu zokusetyenziswa kwekota

Kubaluleke kangakanani ukwazi ulwazi oluchanekileyo lomphunga wamanzi emoyeni? Ngokutsho kwezi parameters, ukubikezela kwemozulu, ithuba lokungena kwezulu kunye nevolumu yabo, iindlela zokuhamba imida zibalwa. Ngenxa yoko, iingozi zee-cyclone kunye neziqhumane, ezinokubangela ingozi enkulu kummandla, zizimisele.

Uthini umahluko phakathi kweengcamango ezimbini? Into eqhelekileyo kukuba bobabini bumnandi bumnandi kunye nomswakama opheleleyo bubonisa umxholo wamanzi omphunga emoyeni. Kodwa isibonakaliso sokuqala sinqunywe ngokubala. Owesibini unokulinganiswa ngeendlela ezibonakalayo kunye nesiphumo g / m ³ .

Nangona kunjalo, kunye noshintsho kwiqondo lokushisa elisezantsi, ezi zigugu ziyatshintsha. Kuyaziwa ukuba emoyeni, umlinganiselo othile wemphunga wamanzi unokuqulatheka kangangoko kunokwenzeka - umswakama opheleleyo. Kodwa kwiimodemu + 1 ° C no-10 ° C ezi zixabiso ziyahluka.

Ukuxhomekeke kwimixholo emaninzi emphunga wamanzi emoyeni kwinqanaba lokushisa kuboniswa kwisalathisi soxinzelelo. Kubalwa ngolu hlobo. Isiphumo sibonakaliswe njengepesenti (isibonakaliso senjongo ukusuka kwixabiso eliphezulu).

Impembelelo yeemeko zendalo

Ubungakanani bomhlaba obushushu kunye nobungakanani bomhlaba buya kuguquka ngokunyuka kwindleko yokushisa, umzekelo, ukusuka kwi-15 ° C ukuya ku-25 ° C? Ngokunyuka kwawo, uxinzelelo lomphunga wamanzi luphuma. Ngoko, kwiyunithi yomsindo (1 cubic meter.) Amamolekyuli wamanzi aya kufumana ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, ukunyuka komswakama kukhula. Ubuhlobo kulo mzekelo kuya kuncipha. Oku kungenxa yokuba umxholo wempuphu wamanzi uhlala kwinqanaba elifanayo, kwaye ubuninzi bexabiso linokunyuka. Ngomlinganiselo (ukwahlula omnye kwenye kwaye ukwandisa umphumo nge-100%) umphumo ukuhla kwe-indicator.

Ubungakanani bomhlaba obushushu buya kutshintsha xa iqondo lokushisa liyancipha? Kwenzeka ntoni xa uhla ukusuka ku-15 ° C ukuya kwi-5 ° C? Umswakama obushushu uya kuncipha. Ngoko ke, kwi-1 cubic meter. Umxube womoya womphunga wamanzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka unakho ukufikelela kwisixa esincinci. Ukubalwa kwefomula kuya kubonisa ukunyuka kwesalathisi sokugqibela - ipesenteji yomswakama ohambelanayo iya kwanda.

Lithetha umntu

Ukuba kukho umphunga ogqithiseleyo wamanzi omphunga, ukugqithiswa kwento evezwayo, kunye nokusilela - isikhumba esomileyo kunye nolowa. Kucacile ukuba, umswakama womoya ocolileyo uphezulu. Ngaphezulu kwamanzi amaninzi angagcinanga kwisimo se-gaseous kwaye adlula kwi-liquid or solid medium. Emoyeni, iyakhuphuka phezulu, oku kubonakaliswa yimvula (inkungu, iqhwa). Kulo gumbi, uluhlu lwesimo sokunciphisa kwizinto zangaphakathi, kwindawo yobushushu kumbethe wamasa.

Ukunyuka kwamaqondo okushisa kulula ukuqhuba kwindawo egumbini elomileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ulawulo olufanayo, kodwa kunye nomswakama onxulumene nomlinganiselo ongaphezu kwe-90% kubangela ukugqithisa ngokukhawuleza komzimba. Umzimba ulwa nalo mzekelo ngokulinganayo - kukho ukukhululwa kweshushu ngokukhupha. Kodwa emoyeni owomileyo, ngokukhawuleza kuphuphuma (dry) ukusuka emzimbeni womzimba. Kwimimbo enomswakama, oku kukhange kwenzeke. Indlela efanelekileyo kakhulu (ikhululekile) imo yomntu i-40-60%.

Isilinganiselo esiphezulu kunye nomswakama

Kutheni kubalulekile? Kwizinto ezininzi kwimozulu emanzi, umxholo owomileyo ngeyunithi yeyunithi iyancipha. Lo mdahluko awubalulekanga, kodwa kwimilinganiselo ephakamileyo "unokuthululela" kwixabiso lenene.

Imveliso (okusanhlamvu, umgubo, i-samente) ine-threshold eyanamkelekileyo yomswakama apho ingagcinwa ngaphandle kokulahleka kwekhwalithi okanye izakhiwo zobuchwepheshe. Ngako oko, izalathisi zokubeka iliso kunye nokuzigcina ezikwinqanaba elifanelekileyo zinyanzelekile kwiindawo zokugcina. Ukunciphisa umswakama emoyeni kufezwe ngokunciphisa kwimveliso.

Izixhobo

Ngokwenza oko, umswakama wangempela ulinganiswa ngama-hygrometers. Ngaphambili, kwakukho iindlela ezimbini. Enye isekelwe ekutshintsheni kwandiso lweenwele (umntu okanye isilwanyana). Omnye ukwahlukileyo ekufundeni kwe-thermometer kwindawo enomileyo kunye emanzi (i-psychrometric).

Kwizinwele ze hygrometer utolo lweendlela ludibaniswe neenwele ezibekwe kwisiqendu. Ngokuxhomekeke kumngcipheko womoya ojikelezayo, utshintsha izakhiwo zomzimba. Itolo liyahluka kwixabiso lokubhaliweyo. Ukuhamba kwayo kulandelwa kwinqanaba.

Ubuncwane obusondeleyo kunye nomoya opheleleyo womswakama, njengoko uyaziwa, kuxhomekeke kwiqondo lokushisa. Esi sici sisetyenziswe kwiphilchrometer. Ekuzimiseleni, ukufundwa kwee-thermometer ezimbini ezithanjisiweyo kuthathwa. I-flask yomnye (owomileyo) kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo. Kweminye (emanzi) ihlanganiswe kwi-wick, edibeneyo kumlambo wamanzi.

Ngaphantsi kwezi meko, i-thermometer ithatha inqanaba eliphakathi kokuqwalasela ukunyuka kwamanzi. Kwaye le nqondiso ixhomekeke kwisixa somphunga wamanzi emoyeni. Ukwahluka kokufundwa kugqityiweyo. Ubuncwane bomnxeba obunxulumene bubekwe ngetafile ezikhethekileyo.

Kutshanje, ukusetyenziswa okungakumbi kunesisenti esisebenzisa utshintsho kwiimpawu zombane zezinto ezithile. Ukuqinisekisa iziphumo kunye nokulungelelanisa izixhobo, kukho ukufakwa kweeferensi.