Le yokugqibela Russian Tsarina Alexandra Romanova

UKumkanikazi Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova ... ubuntu bakhe kwimbali Russian luyathandabuzeka. Kwelinye icala, umfazi onothando, nonina, yaye kwelinye - inkosazana, likhankanya ukuba yamkelwa uluntu Russian. A lot of iiphazili eemfihlelo ezinxulumene Aleksandroy Fedorovnoy: nomdla wakhe kunye nobugqi - kwelinye icala nokholo olunzulu - enye. Abaphandi attribute ukuba uxanduva lwakhe ngenxa ukufa kabuhlungu zendlu zabalawuli. Yintoni puzzles store Biography Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova? Yintoni indima yayo bayahlelwa lizwe? Thina ukuphendula kweli nqaku.

ebuntwaneni

Aleksandra Fedorovna Romanova wazalwa ngoJuni 7, 1872. Abazali ukumkanikazi elizayo Russian yaba Grand iNkosana Hesse-Darmstadt Ludwig kunye British Princess Alice. Le ntwazana umzukulwana ka Queen Victoria, yaye oku ulwalamano ziya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni isimilo Alexandra.
Igama elipheleleyo ngayo - Victoria Aliks Elena Louise Beatrice (imbeko umakazi wam). Ngaphandle Alix (ebizwa ngokuba yi-intombazana lweenkobe), kusapho Duke wayenabantwana ezisixhenxe.

Alexander (Romanov ekugqibeleni) bafumana imfundo IsiNgesi weklasiki, oko ndakhulela izithethe ngokungqongqo lolawulo yeVictorian. Ukuthozama waba kuyo yonke indawo; kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ukutya, impahla yokunxiba. Nkqu nabantwana zalala silala amajoni '. Kakade ngelo xesha intombi aba neentloni ubomi bam bonke uya kulwa tushevaniem endalo uluntu angaqhelekanga. Ekhaya, Alix wayengazi: smart, bencumile, yena uyavuya igama yesibini - "kwelanga."

Kodwa ebuntwaneni wayengekho mafu esibhakabhakeni ukuze, kuqala ngenxa yengozi ebulele umzalwana, ngoko isifo somqala kufa udade omncinane Mae, kunye Princess Alice - unina Alix. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni into yokuba intombazana ngokwalo kunyaka emithandathu ubudala, waba owabhacayo.

ulutsha

Emva kokufa kanina, njengoko uninzi Alexandra, phezu kwayo kuxhonywe ilifu elimnyama, labenzela ithinzi yonke ebuntwaneni enelanga. Le ithunyelwe eNgilani uninakhulu - the Queen Victoria elilawulayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imicimbi karhulumente ehluthwe lokugqibela lonke ixesha, ngoko sele imfundo yabantwana uyiphathisiweyo umphathi. Kamva, kakade uKumkanikazi Alexandra akayi kuwulibala izifundo abe ebutsheni bakhe.

Margaret Jackson - yaba igama utitshala kunye notitshala wakhe - lasuka ukusuka ukuziphatha ayithethi yeVictorian, wayefundisa intombazana ukucinga, ukuphonononga lokubumba okanye ukuvakalisa izimvo zabo. imfundo Classical akazange ukubonelela ngophuhliso olubanzi, kodwa elizayo elinesihlanu uKumkanikazi Alexandra Romanova abawazi kwezopolitiko, imbali, umculo wadlala ngokugqibeleleyo, yaye esazi iilwimi ezininzi zasemzini.

Kwaba ebutsheni bakhe, xa eneminyaka elishumi, kuqala Alix wadibana nendoda yakhe elizayo UNikolai. Kwathi kumtshato udade wabo kunye Grand Duke uSergiyo Pawulos. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, xa isimemo ngabaya, kwakhona uza eRashiya. Nicholas intombazana abathobelayo.

Wedding UNikolai II

Abazali Nicholas abazange nomdla kuloo yeemanyano zabantu abatsha - nenzuzo kakhulu, ngenxa yabo, kwaba emtshatweni wakhe intombi Count French Louis-Philippe. Kubathandi aqala kwiminyaka emihlanu elide osithelisayo, kodwa le nto ngakumbi bephela, kwaye bafunde ukuxabisa imvakalelo.

Hayi koko Nicholas akafuni ukwamkela ukuthanda kayise, waqhubeka inyanzelise umtshato kunye intanda yakhe. Lo mlawuli yangoku Alexander III kufuneka ukunika indlela: yena avakalelwa esondela izifo, kwaye indlalifa kufuneka libe yinxalenye. Kodwa apha Alix ezifunyenwe emva igama ibekwa Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova, wachaswa-mngeni kakhulu, nto kwafuneka ukuba bashiye kobuOthodoki nawo. Wafundela iziseko iminyaka emibini, emva koko ke atshintshelwe ukholo Russian. Ndingade ndithi Alexander weza Orthodox ngentliziyo evulekileyo kunye neengcamango ehlambulukileyo.

wedding Young wathatha indawo Novemba 27, 1894, yena, kwakhona, ithwalelwe Ioann Kronshtadsky. Oku kwenzeka imfihlelo beCawa lakwaWinter Palace. Yonke into eyenzekayo kwisiqalo lokuzila, emva kweentsuku ezi-3 emva kokuba Alix kungekudala uyafa eRashiya, Alexander III (abaninzi ngoko wathi, "weza ibhokisi"). Alexander kwaphawulwa ileta udade yakhe umahluko omkhulu phakathi buhlungu kunye nkulu - ukuba simanyene isibini ngakumbi. Yonke into, nkqu bamthiyile asebukhosini, waphawula amandla kamva simanyene yaye amandla Alexandra kunye Nicholas II.

Intsikelelo isibini oselula ebhodini (ibekwa) yabanjwa ngomhla May 27, 1896 at Kwingcingane Cathedral of eMoscow. Ukususela ngelo xesha Aliks- "ilanga" iye yazuza isihloko uKumkanikazi Alexandra Feodorovna, uKumkanikazi Romanov. kamva Waphawula kwidayari yakhe ukuba wesibini lomtshato - ne-Russia.

Beka enkundleni kwaye ebomini kwezopolitiko

Ukususela mhla wokuqala wokulawula uKumkanikazi Alexandra Feodorovna - inkxaso kunye nenkxaso indoda yakhe imicimbi yakhe ukuxakeka karhulumente.

Xa ubomi boluntu, ibhinqa eliselula luzama ukukhuthaza abantu ukuba uthando, kuba ifunxwe ebuntwaneni evela kubazali. Ngelishwa, ngasentendelezweni izimvo zakhe engasetyenziswa, koko, uKumkanikazi ndamthiya. Kuzo zonke iziphakamiso zayo nkqu ufana nqwa inkundla wabona falsity kunye unnaturalness. Kodwa enyanisweni owoyamaniswe nje ngokunxaxha, akazange afune yokuthsintsha nantoni na.

Kakade ke, njengaye nawuphi na umfazi, nomfazi wakhe, Alexandra Romanov waba nefuthe kwimisebenzi karhulumente iqabane.

Uninzi aziwayo ezopolitiko ixesha yaphawula ukuba bube nefuthe elibi Nicholas. Oko yaba imboniselo, umzekelo, S. Witte. A General A. Mosolov kunye Senator Gurko qaphela engenasikrokro ukusilela kuluntu yayo Russian. Le yokugqibela ityala imvelo akulinikwanga abanye Uvalo ukumkanikazi zangoku kunye umhlolokazi Alexander III, Mariyu Fedorovnu, kude kube sekupheleni yaye akazange uthabathe intombi.

Noko ke, ezi zifundo wamphulaphula kuye, kungekhona ngenxa yoloyiko, kodwa zihlonipha. Ewe, yena engqongqo, kodwa kanye njengokuba yena, kwaye ngokuphathelele ngokwayo. Alix akazange amlibale izicelo yakhe nemiyalelo, nganye kuzo ezetyisiweyo kakuhle kwaye elungeleleneyo. Ozithobileyo wayemthanda kuye, abo kufutshane uKumkanikazi, ndingazi amarhe, nangokunzulu zobuqu. Ngokuba ezinye uKumkanikazi yaqhubeka "ihashe emnyama 'yaye umbandela uhletywa.

Ngaba ncomo ezishushu kakhulu malunga Alexander. Ngoko ke, webhaleyi M. Kshesinskaya (endleleni, yena waye inkosikazi uNicholas ukuya kumtshato latter Alix) ukhankanya yakhe njengomfazi bezimilo eziphakamileyo umphefumlo jikelele.

Abantwana: Grand Duchesses

Okokuqala Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Olga ozelwe 1895. Abantu nakancane uKumkanikazi nangakumbi, kuba wonke umntu wayelindele ukuba inkwenkwe, indlalifa. Alexander, ukufumana akukho mpendulo nokuxhasa zabo kwizifundo delves ngokupheleleyo ubomi bentsapho, nkqu owondla intombi yabo, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iinkonzo omnye umntu ukuba aziqhelekanga kuquka iintsapho amanene, hayi kakhulu ngenxa uKumkanikazi.

Kamva wazalwa Tatiana, UMaria Anastasia. UNikolay Aleksandrovich and Alexandra wazala abantwana ekunyaniseni ukusulungeka nomoya. Yaba yintsapho eqhelekileyo, akanayo na ikratshi.

Ezikhuliswa indlovukazi Aleksandra Romanova. Le ngaphandle kuphela baba ngumxholo ukujonga kwicala elinye. ingqalelo Kuninzi ihlawulwa imidlalo imidlalo ngaphandle, ukunyaniseka. Umama waba yindoda ezizezayo intombazana ukuba isicelo nangaliphi na ixesha kunye naso nasiphi na isicelo. Babehlala kusemnandi, uthando kunye nentembelo epheleleyo. It wayonwabile ngokupheleleyo, usapho ngokunyanisekileyo.

Amantombazana okhule kusemnandi umoya omhle. Umama kuphela wayalela ukuba ahlawule ukuzikhusela nxamnye ukuchitha ngokugqithiseleyo nokukhulisa ukuthobeka nobunyulu. Bona akuvamanga kakhulu inxaxheba iziganeko zentlalo. kokungena kwawo uluntu iye kuphela neemfuno yokuziphatha wenkundla. Alexandra Feodorovna, umfazi Nicholas 2, woyika ukuba intombi ibhuqiwe yezikhulu ngokungalunganga kuchaphazela amantombazana.

Ngenxa umsebenzi kamama Alexandra abanyamezela ngokunamathelene-. I Duchesses Grand wakhula manenekazi ecocekileyo ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ngokunyanisekileyo abaselula. Bonke entsatsheni walawula umoya ongaqhelekanga ngobuhle zamaKristu. Ziphawuleka kwiidayari zabo Nicholas II, ngubani na Aleksandra Romanova. Ucaphula ngezantsi, ukuqinisekisa kuphela ulwazi ngasentla:

"Uthando lwethu nobomi bethu - bonke ... Akukho nto asahlule okanye ukunciphisa uthando lwethu" (Alexandra).

"A yomkhaya enqabileyo uYehova uye wasisikelela" (uMlawuli Nicholas II).

Ukuzalwa indlalifa

Ekuphela kwento laphazamisa ubomi amaqabane, - ukungabikho indlalifa. Ngesi sihlandlo, Aleksandra Romanova wakhathazeka kakhulu. Ngaloo mihla, waba Ndandisoyika kakhulu. Xa uzama ukuqonda unobangela kwaye ukusombulula ingxaki, uKumkanikazi uqalisa ukufumana inxaxheba nobugqi yaye ngakumbi hits unqulo. Oku kuboniswe indoda yakhe, Nicholas II, nangenxa yokuba uvakalelwa loo mbandezelo engqondweni umfazi wabathanda.

Kwagqitywa ukutsala oogqirha kakhulu. Ngelishwa, phakathi kwabo yakhanuka charlatan yokwenene, Philippe. Bafika bevela eFransi, ukuba wenjenjalo waphefumlela ingcinga uKumkanikazi yokukhulelwa, ukuba benikwamkela koko yindlalifa. Alexandra Feodorovna bebeye isifo inqabile kakhulu - i "ukukhulelwa wobuxoki". Xa kwacaca ukuba nesisu kwi queen Russian ekhula phantsi kwempembelelo karhulumente yengqondo-iimvakalelo, kwafuneka ndenze isaziso esemthethweni ukuba ezihlangwini iya kuba. ignominiously uFilipu kokugxothwa lizwe.

Kamva, Alix nangoku athe wathabatha, wazala-12 Agasti 1904 inkwenkwe - Tsesarevicha Alekseya. Kodwa andizange ndifumane ulonwabo ekwakukudala lilindelwe Aleksandra Romanova. Biography ithi ukuba ubomi uKumkanikazi ukususela Apha iba buhlungu. Isibakala sokuba lo mfana wafumana isifo ezinqabileyo - kubazali bakhe. Sisifo ilifa, oluqhutywa yi ngumfazi. umongo wayo kukuba igazi akuthethi ihlwili. Indoda phithi iintlungu rhoqo nokuxutha izinto. Eyona edumileyo weentonga kubazali bakhe gene yaba koroleva Viktoriya, uninakhulu ngelika Europe. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, esi sifo ifumene igama enje: "isifo yeVictorian" kunye "sisifo basebukhosini '. Xa zinyamekela indlalifa akwazi ukufikelela kutsho kwiminyaka engama-30, kwi-avareji, izigulana kunqabile onokuwoyisa ngayo umqobo yobudala engama-16.

Rasputin kubomi uKumkanikazi

Kwezinye imithombo ungafumana ulwazi kukunceda Tsarevich Alexei umntu omnye kuphela - UGrigory Rasputin. Nangona esi sifo ithathwa esingapheliyo kwaye asikuko nokuba kuyabulala, kukho ubungqina bokuba le "umntu kaThixo" ngenxa imithandazo bakhe inelungelo ukuphelisa ukubandezeleka umntwana shwa. Kutheni na le - kunzima ukutsho. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isifo Crown Prince kukuba kuyimfihlo karhulumente. Kunokwenziwa isigqibo, kangangoko inkoloseko le umlimi Tobolsk usapho uncouth zabalawuli.

Kubudlelwane Rasputin kunye uKumkanikazi ebhalwe kakhulu: ethile lesiphumo kuye kuphela indima osindise indlalifa, omnye - lithandana Aleksandroy Fedorovnoy. izinto zakutshanje bangabi ubala - ungakrexezi uKumkanikazi ngoko uluntu uqinisekile malunga ukungcatshwa Queen Nicholas II kunye uGregory amarhe. Ngapha koko, wathi umntu omdala ngale nto, kodwa ke yena entle enxilile, ngoko yena wayekwazi yokucinga ngokulula 'emini. A intlebendwane Akukho mfuneko kakhulu ukuba ukuzalwa. Ngokutsho gcinwa eduze, angamthiyi esi sibini yobukumkani, esona sizathu siphambili Rasputin kubudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nosapho zasebukhosini kakhulu uhlasela Alexei kubazali bakhe.

Nendlela ochaphazelekayo uNikolay Aleksandrovich ukuba amarhe, kusithiwa kulazisa igama umfazi wayo? Wacinga yonke le nto ngaphandle kweziphazamiso ezingafanelekanga zamabali kwaye bebodwa entsapho. Rasputin yena njengoMlawuli kokuqwalasela "umntu Russian ezilula, unqulo kakhulu kwaye athembekile."

Yaziwa into enye: losapho lobukumkani kwafuneka ukuba uGregory uyavumelana kakhulu. Bona abambalwa ababelila ngokwenene emva kokubulawa indoda endala.

Romanova ngexesha lemfazwe

The First World War kwanyanzeleka Nicholas II ukuba emke St. Petersburg ukuya GHQ. Urhulumente kwakhona wathabatha phezu unonophelo Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova. Byi ingqalelo ekhethekileyo uKumkanikazi abenaso. Imfazwe kubonwa yinto ebuhlungu; ngokunyanisekileyo buhlungu, ebona amajoni ngaphambili, wamenzela isijwili abafileyo. Kokufunda umthandazo phezu ingcwaba elitsha ngalinye ijoni uwe, ngokungathi ukuba isalamane sakhe. Kukhuselekile ukuba isibizo "Ngcwele" Aleksandra Romanova sele efunyenwe ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi. Eli lixesha xa Alix eqhotyoshelweyo ngakumbi Orthodox.

Kubonakala ngathi ngamarhe ziye poutihnut: ilizwe ukubandezeleka emfazweni. Nakanye, baye babe nokuba nobundlobongela ngakumbi. Ngokomzekelo, owatyholwa phithi kwemimoya. Oku akunakwenzeka ukuba kube njalo, ngenxa yokuba nkqu ngoko uKumkanikazi wayeyindoda kakhulu inkolo, ukwala zonke ezinye-behlabathi.

Umthandazo usinceda ilizwe akazange abonise ngexesha lemfazwe. Kunye neentombi zakhe Alexandra Iyakwazi izakhono abongikazi: baqalisa ukusebenza esibhedlele, ukunceda oogqirha (kuncediswa kwimisebenzi), okwenziwa njalo uhlobo ukukhathalela bancwine abahlatyiweyo. Yonke imihla, kwi ezidlulileyo yethoba kusasa isiqingatha baqalisa inkonzo yabo kunye nezinye umongikazi acoca imilenze uKumkanikazi inqunyulwe, iimpahla ezingcolileyo, ngalondoda wayibopha amanxeba, kuquka ezililize. Kwaba engaqhelekanga kubameli yezikhulu eliphezulu: abayiqokelele Iminikelo ngaphambili, izibhedlele watyelela, amaziko zonyango wavula. Kodwa akukho namnye kubo babesebenza kwigumbi yokusebenza, njengoko wenza uKumkanikazi. Kwaye konke oku nangona ukuba liwuthuthumbisa neengxaki zempilo zayo bawasingela phantsi iimvakalelo luvo kunye nokuzalwa rhoqo.

izigodlo baguquka ezibhedlela, buqu Alexandra wabumba oololiwe esibhedlele kunye zokugcina amayeza. Wenza isifungo ukuba logama nje kukho imfazwe, akukho yena okanye Duchesses Grand Musa ukuthunga ngokwam ilokhwe enye. Kwaye wahlala de isiphelo uyaligcina ilizwi lakhe.

Inkalo yokomoya Aleksandry Romanovoy

Kwakukho kakhulu zonqulo Alexandra Romanova? Iifoto kunye eni of uKumkanikazi, emidala, ibonisa amehlo buhlungu lo mfazi, ukuba abe ezinye intlungu. Nditsho ebutsheni bakhe ngayo ngokuzinikela ngokupheleleyo kwakudinga ukholo Orthodox, ngokushiya nawo, owanyusa ke phezu iinyaniso ukusuka ebuntwaneni.

uyothuka ngezoBomi, zenza kube ukusondela kuThixo, ivame tshwa sithandaze xa uzama ukukhawula inkwenkwe, ngoko - xa efumana malunga isifo esibulalayo sonyana wakhe. Kwaye ngexesha lemfazwe, yena bamfuna ekuthandazeleni amajoni, wabangxwelerhiweyo nabo abafa ngenxa kwilizwe. Yonke imihla phambi ubulungiseleli bakhe esibhedlele Alexandra uzinika ixesha lokuba imithandazo. Ukuze ezi njongo, ebhotweni Tsar nokuba unalo igumbi okhethekileyo ngomthandazo.

Noko ke, inkonzo yakhe uThixo kuphela nokutarhuzisa ngenkuthalo: uKumkanikazi isombulula sa ngokwenene omkhulu. Uye amalungiselelo ikhaya labantwana, wancancisa ekhaya, izibhedlele ezininzi. Wafumana ixesha, umkhonzazana wakhe, udumo, baphulukana ubuchule ukuhamba: bethethe naye ngoThixo, nenkokeli nokuxhasa yonke imihla.

Alexandra wayengazange umboniso ukholo lwakhe phezu kwidispleyi, ubukhulu becala ehamba ilizwe watyelela iicawa kunye zibhedlela lenqubo. Akakwazi lula idibane isihlwele amakholwa, kuba izenzo zakhe zendalo, oko ngokusuka entliziyweni. Inkolo waba Alexandra ukuba siqu kuphela. Uninzi inkundla bazama ukufumana ukumkanikazi kumanqaku uhanahaniso, kodwa azaba nako.

Ngoko ke indoda yakhe, uNicholas II. Babethanda uThixo wakho ngentliziyo yakho yonke, naseRashiya, abazange ucinge obunye ubomi ngaphandle kwe Russia. Abazange umahluko phakathi kwabantu abo musa ukrwele umgca phakathi Noble kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo. Kungenzeka, ngoko, a guy eqhelekileyo Tobolsk, Grigoriy Rasputin, ngexesha lakhe "babanjwa" kwi asebukhosini.

Ukubanjwa, ekuthinjweni ukholo

Iphela umsebenzi Alexandra, uAntipas endlwini Ipatiev apho intsapho umlawuli eBha- emva revolution 1917. Nkqu ubuso besondela ekufeni, phantsi muzzles le ukudutyulwa, wenza umqondiso womnqamlezo.

"Russian eGolgotha" kwangaphambili asebukhosini ngaphezulu nakanye, baphila ubomi bam bonke kunye nayo, esazi ukuba zonke izinto ziya kuphela kakubi kakhulu kubo. Balithobela ukuthanda kukaThixo, ngaloo ndlela oyisa imikhosi ububi. Esi sibini yasebukhosini wangcwatywa kuphela ngo-1998.