Ubungakanani vesi-ezingaphezu ezintathu. Zamagama kunye-zamagama ezintathu ivesi ubungakanani

Ezipheleleyo - Le yeyona minikelo, namhlanje wafumana izizukulwana abaphila izinyanya. Ukutyhubela imbali uluntu zadalelwa yobuciko wokwenene: i epics kunye iibhaladi, imibongo kunye iinoveli. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, naluphi uncwadi luqala izibongo, kuba le vesi - into yokuqala waba mde kwintetho yemihla ngemihla.

iintlobo ezimbini intetho wengcibi

Imibongo kunye iprozi ayahlukanga uphawu olunye - iimpawu kwesingqisho, isandi, okanye imboniselo lomzobo ... Le nkqubo eyodwa yombutho yoonobumba namagama. Abaphandi baye bazitshisa imibuzo: yavele ngayo ngaphambili - kwindinyana okanye iprozi? Yintoni efanele hetisekeke? Kutheni abantu kufuneka imibongo? Le miba ezihambelana njalo, kwaye awukwazi ukunika impendulo ecacileyo kubo. Ukusuka umsebenzi wakhe zemibongo, iinkcuba-buchopho asingabo bonke abantwana ukuba yintoni ivesi zamagama-ezimbini ze-umlinganiselo ezintathu, ukubeka indlela ugxininiso kanye ikhefu. Kodwa kanye, hayi ngaphandle koncedo ke yena, imigca ziqala ukuvela, bangabona isingqisho eqondeka kakuhle, yaye kamva ngendlela ayithandayo amalungiselelo ale ntetho kufumaniseka ukuba aba lolu yonke indlela umbhali yoyilo.

Imbali zesihobe Russian

Imvelaphi yazo naziphi na gama idla yamandulo, njengokuba isizathu zonke izinto kunye izenzakalo amagama athile elidlulileyo eyanikwa. Liguqulwe lithatyathwa kwigama lesiGrike elithi 'ivesi "lithetha" inani ". ulwimi lweembongi uba umbutho okhethekileyo, ekuthe imveliso kulula ukuba ukukhumbula. itekisi enamagama umdla kuba kuyo thina yahlulwe iinxalenye ezithile, ezo zixhaswa imizobo. Phakathi umgca zemibongo, sifumana ukuphindaphindwa ndixinezelekile kwaye unstressed amalungu, nto leyo ibe ntshunxekile. Ukuhlalutya uncwadi kukho ezingaphezu-ezibini ubungakanani zamagama emithathu vesi pentameter kunye ferrets, amphibrach, anapaest kunye Dactyl.

Kumaxesha amandulo, kwakukho malunga nama-30 iintlobo zeenyawo. versification Russian zavela syllabic ukuba i-tonic ngokusebenzisa syllabic-tonic. Inkqubo yesibini isekelwe phezu umgaqo okhethekileyo - in ugxininiso kumqolo ngamnye kufuneka kuwa lwegama kokugqibela. Ukuguquguquka Ifonetiki ngolwimi Russian kunye nezinye kukhokelele ukuvela indlela entsha Ukongeza, kwaye iinguqu yenziwe kweli cala V. Tretyakov, M. Lomonosov kunye A. East. tonics Isiseko syllabo- efanayo stop phindo.

ubungakanani vesi-kolulodwa Two

Ubude avareji yamagama Russian imalunga 3 amagama. In lwegama-ezimbini dimensions zesihobe kwi iiphatheni zesingqisho kuvela unyawo unstressed disyllabic. umbutho ezinesingqisho isebenza ixhomekeke ubude emgceni. Xa chorea uxinezeleko iwela lwegama yesibini iambic - ekuqaleni. Kuxhomekeka inani samalunga, ukuba emibini, emithathu, iPIN, emihlanu, okanye freestyle shestistopnymi. Xa ngemisebenzi yababhali Russian zabo bonke ubukhulu kumkhawulela loo vesi.

Imizekelo chorea inokufumaneka A. Pushkin kaThixo "Winter Hosi": "... Storm / inkungu / Sky / amanga ...". Ukuze abhale incwadi odumileyo "Eugene Onegin" vesi imbongi bakhetha tetrameter iambic: "... umalume wam / uninzi / Ukunyaniseka / amalungelo ...". Bedla ngokungasiwa so kuba stress umyinge ityala okanye, icala, oko kwenzeka apho kudibana kwamagama.

ubungakanani vesi-kolulodwa Three

Ukongeza iambic kunye trochaic kwi syllabic-tonic iquka dactyl, anapaest kunye amphibrach. Imibongo abhalwe ngendlela sisondele ngakumbi kwintetho yemihla ngemihla. Njengoko umthetho, ugxininiso kuzo kunqabile sidlula, kuninzi ezininzi ingafumaneka ukwenzeka samalunga ndixinezelekile. Xa amazwi K. Vishnevsky uyakwazi ukuchaza ukuba amphibrach kunye anapaest saka kuphela kwinkulungwane ye-yeshumi elinesithoba, xa abenzi bemilingo bobuchule Lermontov.

Dactyl - ubungakanani ivesi trisyllabic, apho aksenti iwela yegama lokuqala. Imbongi Russian Nekrasov wayedla wakhetha isingqisho enjalo umsebenzi wakhe zifunyenwe tonally bhetyebhetye, "ezukileyo / Ukwindla! zdo / rOvy I / Draenei / umoya / intsimbi / amandla bo / Drita ".

Amphibrach wayedla ukubhala wemisebenzi yakhe iimbongi Symbolist ezifana Alexander Blok, Bryusov, Z. Gippius. K. Balmont wabhala ukuba ngaphandle ubomi trisyllabic bekuya kuba ubungakanani obungabangeli mdla, wada wanikezela umbongo lo mba, "chorea / Yamba kunye /; ngomsindo wabo / Mfutshane / ndiva / ukumbombozela / imilambo."

In anapaest uxinezeleko iwela lwegama lokugqibela. Phakathi neembongi Russian le ubungakanani vesi trisyllabic yavela A. Sumarokov e ode yakhe "villains Isichasi", "phezu kolwandle / elunxwemeni / ndihleli / ayikho elula / Goes mOsm / D look." Kungekudala wamthanda nezinye iinkosi ezininzi ebuhlanti, yaye ngakumbi kuvela imisebenzi anapaest ebhaliweyo.

Ukumisela ubungakanani vesi ngokuchanekileyo

Iambic, trochee okanye amphibrach ... Kubonakala, ukuba ukuchonga umahluko phakathi kwabo ayikho nzima. Kwanele ukuba abale inani iimpawu ubeke ilungelo engaqhelekanga, yaye ubukhulu kanye kwaziwe. Uhlalutyo Namhlanje zesihobe kwenza abafundi kunye nabafundi ze-Faculty of Philology. Olu hlobo lokuvandlakanya kuqhelekile kakhulu, kwaye kubalulekile ukwenza yona ngendlela eyiyo, ukuba utitshala wancoma umsebenzi. Maxa wambi, ukujonga ubungakanani umgca kunzima kakhulu, ngoko yonke philologist lwabaqalayo, kufuneka kusoloko itafile indawo nge amanani stop ehambelana iimpawu iamb, dactyl okanye amphibrach.

Ingongoma yokuqala engundoqo Uhlalutyo - songqamaniso aksenti. Kufuneka Makukhunjulwe ukuba esi sisombululo kwesingqisho umbhali usebenzisa ubuchule apho endaweni engazo yesiqhelo omnye ezingaphezu noonone. Umzekelo: Mayibe ngabo / kwi / indlu lokukwekwa Glu / bin / ukufumana phezulu / kwaye / yiya / Iyakhuphela. Umbongo yakhe edumileyo Silentium! F. Tiutchev yakhetha kuphela indlela yokuqala kugxininiswa ukuba "ukuhamba" ligama, kodwa pirrihirovannye siyeka xa uxinezeleko ukuba nidlobe njengeenkunzi.

Intwana yesibini kufuneka ukubala ukuba izikhamiso zabelwa amandla ukuvota. Amanani kunye iisilabhili wagxininisa uya athobele imilinganiso vesi zilandelayo:

Kunye nokubekwa eyiyo aksenti ungenza ngokukhawuleza ukufumana ukuba yeyiphi izikhamiso bakwimeko olomeleleyo. Ukusuka itafile kuya kuba lula ukugqiba anapaestic imveliso, dactyl okanye pentameter elimisiweyo.

Izithethe yababhali Russian: ubungakanani imibongo yi Pushkin, Lermontov, Blok

Amaxesha amaninzi iimbongi enkulu emsebenzini wakhe izama ukusebenzisa bonke amaqhinga, kodwa kunzima ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngamnye ukhetha isingqisho ethile. Phantse yonke imibongo yokuqala Pushkin, kuquka kumbongo wakhe wokuqala ezinkulu "Ruslan and Ludmila", ebhalwe zamagama-ezimbini iambic. -Kolulodwa ezintathu ubukhulu vesi izandi ngaphantsi ngamandla kwaye ngokunzulu, kodwa ke yena ukufumene novelwano neembongi ezinkulu ezininzi. Imizekelo dactyl inokufumaneka M. Lermontov. Isithethe yokubhala ubukhulu izithathu asakhasayo apho kudibana kwiinkulungwane 19-20, nababhali balo aqhubeke Symbolists. Ngamanye amaxesha Blok, Z. Gippius, Akhmatova nabanye lihambe ukusuka syllabic-tonic yaye babhala yemisebenzi yabo yonke ekuthiwa rhythm 'ezithandwayo' eminhlanganweni kumgaqo intsebenziswano yomlinganiselo samalunga ngazo emigceni. Zamagama kunye-zamagama ezintathu ubukhulu malilungiselelwe ulwimi Russian, ngoko le ndlela ngokongeza imibongo ngoku ezifunwa kakhulu, yaye kungekudala andiyi kuphulukana ukufaneleka kwayo.