Emilibeni yokuzalwa - ke umendo ulwazi sodidi

Ngaphandle ulwazi elidlulileyo akukho ndlela kwixesha elizayo. Famous ngemihla ukusebenzisa igama esetyenziswa uncwadi mihla - emilibeni - luqokelelo lomthi usapho kwaye phendla i ookhokho babo. Enyanisweni, kodwa izinto ezilula kangaka. Emilibeni - le mfundiso kunye nemithetho yayo kunye iziyalezo, ezo nzima yingcamango nje oqhelekileyo.

amanye amagama

Emilibeni - isiyalo abangabancedani zembali, oqinisekisa - isifundo ngemvelaphi wokuzalwa kunye interconnections phakathi kwabo. Uqokelelo lwembali yakhe yosapho izinyanya - naye omnye wemisebenzi yokuzalwa. Ivela ukusuka genealogia igama lesiGrike, oluthi luqokelelane ngamazwi 'ukuzalwa "," uhlobo, "yaye" lizwi. " Emilibeni - nje kuphela umthi usapho emxinwa-ukuzoba, kodwa uhlalutyo uphuhliso kwimbali nenkcubeko naliphi na iqela.

Imisebenzi kunye nesifundo

Emilibeni ingxaki njenge inzululwazi - ucalulo ndawo kunye nokubaluleka kwalo mthetho okanye loo hlobo apha imbali, inkcazelo ngenkcubeko zamaqela abantu kwixesha zembali, ukuchongwa imithetho zemfuza amisiweyo, isigqibo ezinye iingxaki yabantu, ngenkcazo neyokusasazeka koluntu. Le ndaba inzululwazi emilibeni - kumabali ziintsapho kunye kwisizukulwana (kubandakanywa abathetheli kunye izinduna).

A incinane

Imbali emilibeni practical iqala eRashiya ngenkulungwane XI kunye yokuzalwa ezigcinwe encwadini yeembali. Eziqulethwe ulwazi emilibeni ikakhulu malunga iintsapho izinduna kunye nabakhonzi, ngubani kwizizukulwana babakhonza. Ekubeni ulawulo ukuzalwa ngenkulungwane XVI uba ecwangcisiweyo, kwaye inventri lwenziwa kuphela kwisizukulwana eyindoda. Kamva kwi ukuzalwa afakiwe kunye nenkosikazi yakhe njengoko iindlalifa iziza impahla qho elilinganayo kunye nabantwana. UPetros wasungula ofisi Geroldmejstersky, nto leyo ntsho, waqhubeka amaxwebhu ngokwemilibo yabo imvelaphi iintsapho yezikhulu. Ukususela ngelo xesha, lo Tari_pedigree ofumana ixabiso nje olubonisa uhlobo lungelo.

Science emilibeni XIX-XX eminyaka

Xa siqwalasela umxholo wenqaku njengendlela yokuziqeqesha yenzululwazi, kubalulekile izazinzulu nokukhumbula, apho bakhoyo lwalo lokukhawulelana nophuhliso. Ekupheleni kwale XIX nasekuqaleni emilibeni XX kwenkulungwane - umlando thaca imisebenzi Feofana Prokopovicha "Tari_pedigree beqabe iinkosana grand kunye tsars of Russia" (1719), kwincwadi M. M. Scherbatova, A. E. Knyazeva kunye nabanye. Ukususela ngo 1797 iye yapapashwa Armorial Jikelele, yaye ngowe-1855 wapapasha inkosana edition P. V. Dolgorukogo "Incwadi yomlibo wokuzalwa Russian" kunye nencwadi ngu AB Lobanov-Rostovsky kunye V. Rummelya ulwazi ziyahambisana le ncwadi. Emva kokuba 1917 revolution eRashiya emilibeni undilibele, yaye kuphela 90 ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela umdla Tari_pedigree iqalisa ukukhula.

DNA yokuzalwa

yemfuza eziphilayo, namhlanje ekwabizwa ngokuba uphando emilibeni olusekelwe kucazululo ubume DNA, ngokwengqiqo ebanzi sele ukufunda nokuhlalutya Dynamics ukuqokelelana yemfuza DNA yomntu. ikota "DNA emilibeni" yaba ngokubanzi ngowe-1992, ngethuba lophando yemfuza esebenzayo ngemolekyula ye DNA ayo. Oku le DNA ithe yadluliselwa ukusuka kumama isiya umntwana ifomu ingaguqukanga, yaye uhlahlelo Dynamics kwiDNA kunye nezo iimpawu ngesakhiwo uyakwazi ukunika inkcazelo malunga ukuzalana bonke abemi yomhlaba kunye nemvelaphi oqhelekileyo yimvelo eyiyeyabantu. Ingcamango "umama uEva" single lifumene ingqwalasela enkulu kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo, kwaye zisekelwe phezu ukufunda isakhiwo DNA ayo kubemi iindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi.

Umdla iingcambu zawo nemvelaphi ye sodidi waba obekwayo umntu uhlala. Ngamaxesha athile, ezizezi imvelaphi sodidi, ingxelo ngayo abalinganiswa bakhe kumiselwa ubume bentlalo indoda ilungu yakhe class group ethile. Namhlanje, inani elandayo baseRashiya anomdla imvelaphi lokuzalwa kwakhe kunye namabali wooyise. Kwaye nangona oku kuqonda izigqibo ukuba umntu eluntwini, kodwa zinika ukuqonda imvelaphi kunye ezisenokusebenza njengsixhobo nekratshi.